Site sections
Editor's Choice:
- Expansion joints in buildings
- Chaber - what is it and its purpose
- Sharpening wood cutters: manual work, using grinding wheels and a grinding machine
- Belts and sandriks, crackers and volutes - secret codes of architecture on the example of the old Saratov Sandriks in architecture
- Surface grit - tooling work
- Maximum load on the balcony slab: how much can a balcony withstand in a panel house?
- Projects: symbols on drawings for water supply and sewage
- Marking and marking details How to mark the details with curved contours
- Tools for slotting Tools for slotting
- Tools for chiseling Slotting tools
Advertising
All about repair. Technology of pasting and painting of surfaces. Performing repair of painted surfaces. |
The most frequent defects of the surfaces of building structures and products (significant irregularities, shells, chips and deep shchebina) are the result of violations of their technology, mechanical damage during transportation and installation, poor quality prefabricated elements, linings and plasters Defective places before painting work are repaired with polymer-cement and gypsol-polymer-cement solutions. Solutions are prepared from dry marketable cement-sand or gypsum-cement-pozzolan mixture and additives (polyvinyl acetate dispersion or synthetic latex) in relation to the cement or gypsum binder 0.2: 1, resulting in a polymer-cement or gypsum-polymer cement solution. Polymer additive improves adhesion, impact strength and porosity of the solution. This allows it to be applied on various substrates (for example, concrete, gypsum concrete). Adhesion of polymer cement mortar with concrete reaches in 28 days 0.5-0.6 MPa, which is 4 times more than the adhesion strength of conventional cement-sand plaster. The solution from dry mixes is prepared on construction sites. The dry mixture is thoroughly mixed with water to the working consistency in a mortar mixer or plasterer's boxes. The dispersion or latex is introduced beforehand into water and the solution is shut on it. A small amount of lime-glue retarder setting gypsum is added to the gypsum polymer cement solution. On the floors, solutions are supplied with mortar pumps. Before repairs, defective areas are thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust, then they are primed with 7% concentration aqueous solution of polyvinyl acetate dispersion with a brush. Given that the volume of repair work, as a rule, small, plaster mortars will be applied manually with plastering tools. The plastering shovel (12, a) and scoop-shovel (12.6) consist of a steel blade up to 1.5 mm thick, a cutting with a knee 50 mm high and a wooden handle of standard size impaled on the cutting. Blade blade length is 180 and 200 mm. The handle is attached to the web by welding and less often it is riveted. The solution, which accumulates in the place of attachment of the cutting, is systematically cleaned. Blades with a seamless cloth and a handle are more convenient - it is easier to remove the solution from them. The smaller the mass of the scapula, the easier it is to work. Plastering blades pour and dispense (approximately) various materials, mix dry mixtures and solutions, throw, smear, level and smooth down the solutions, cut off the excess solution, clean the tools, inventory and accessories from the solution. Semi-graters (rice, 12, в), intended for leveling and spreading the mortar, are made of wood; the canvas should be flat. Depending on the destination, the canvas is from 150 to 2000 in length, from 20 to 150 in width, from 5 to 30 mm thick. Shaped semi-graters (12, g), used for polishing husks, barrels and chamfers, are more productive and easier to use than simple ones. They are metal 804 mm long and wooden up to 2000 mm long. In wooden trowels, the canvas is knocked out of two planed boards at a right angle, the handles are fixed with nails. The lack of wooden semi-trailers is that they warp. Graters (12, d) are used for a smooth finish of the mortar, i.e., grouting. They are made of pine or spruce wood, duralumin, galvanized steel. The handle is made of such height that it was convenient to hold the grater. The average size of the blade grater 110X190 mm. The handle is attached to the canvas with nails or wooden pins. As the grater blade abrades, the ends of the nails or pins are embedded in the canvas. When wetted and dried, the grater blade warps, which reduces productivity. In order for the grater to rub clean, a thick felt or felt is nailed to the canvas, but such a grater does not cut off the small tubercles, therefore, first rub the surface with a float with a wooden canvas and then with a cloth covered with felt. Sometimes for smoothing the solution used articulated graters on a long handle, the block of which is wrapped with sandpaper. Smooth the surface of the reciprocating movement of the yoke or grater 60-70 cm wide. Gladilki (12, e) is more productive grater, but the quality of smoothing them below. Ironing can be steel or wood. Wooden trowels are semi-grates, the canvas of which is covered with rubber. For smoothing the surface of the solution using flap stone or the end of a tree. A piece of flail stone (sandy stone of hard rock), silicate brick or the end of a coniferous tree is inserted into the holder on a long handle, which allows smoothing surfaces in rooms 2.5-3 m high without stepladders or tables. As a result of repairing and leveling the surfaces with polymer-cement or gypsum-polymer cement solution, a small-roughened surface is obtained that is not suitable for painting, it is additionally leveled with putties. On surfaces covered with wallpaper or films are not allowed: the location of the edges of the panels overlapped in the direction of the windows, the discrepancy between the color and shade of the individual panels, folds, swellings, bubbles, leaks adjoining the wallpaper or films to the slopes of the openings, as well as skips, pasting, peeling wallpaper and skewed panels (vertical). Inaccurate fitting of the pattern at the joints of individual panels should not exceed 0.5 mm. The joints of individual wallpaper panels when sticking them on end should not be visible from a distance of 3m. The defects that are most often encountered when pasting surfaces with wallpaper and films, the reasons for their occurrence and the methods of elimination are as follows. Full and partial flaking of wallpaper near the eavesPasting on the surfaces previously painted with water color; Too fast drying of drafts or excessive heating; the use of weak paste with dense wallpaper. Bend the peeled off part of the wallpaper, shade with gel paste on the surface, smear the wallpaper with paste, hold for swelling and then glue; eliminate drafts; apply paste in accordance with the density of the wallpaper. Bubbles, wrinkles on the wallpaperSlow drying, low temperature, the use of strong paste with thin wallpaper, careless smoothing. Wallpapers are not sufficiently aged after spreading with paste. Wallpaper to glue. Take measures to increase the temperature in individual rooms, eliminating the causes of insufficient ventilation; apply paste in accordance with the density of the wallpaper; carefully smooth the wallpaper. Withstand the paste-smeared wallpaper for swelling, Cloth is inclinedWork done without a plumb. Perekleit wallpaper. To paste the first panel strictly on a plumb. The pattern of individual panels does not matchPoorly matched pattern when sticking wallpaper. Perekleit wallpaper, given the exact match pattern of adjacent panels of wallpaper. Thickened seamPasting is made on old wall-paper without preliminary cleaning of seams or an overlap at dense wall-paper. Perekleit wallpaper, stripping the seams of previously pasted wallpaper. Gluing a dense wallpaper to produce with seams butt. Visible "stitches" seamsPasted overlapped against the light. Perekleit wallpaper, cleaning the seams and making wallpapering, starting from the window opening. Wallpapers are dirty, edges are poured, paste paste through wallpaper. Wallpapers plastered with hot paste (especially wallpaper made of thin paper). Perekleit wallpaper, using for sticking paste, cooled to 20-30 ° C. Wallpaper broken in the corners of the wallsThe corner is sealed with a whole canvas, not trimmed with an allowance of 2-3 cm. Perekleit wallpaper, making the seizure of the wallpaper on the adjacent wall no more than 2-3cm. Backlog of wallpaper or films from the platbands and baseboardsPlaces at platbands before wallpapering or films are not greased with paste. Brush with glue and glue loose edges, letting them swell, and then smooth them thoroughly. The germination of the color of the underlying wallpaperThe use of low-quality aniline dyes in the manufacture of wallpaper. Remove old wallpaper, glue up waste paper and paste over the wallpaper again. Hard blotches under wallpaperContamination of the paste or surface particles. Clean and re-stick. Torn edge wallpaperNegligence when cutting wallpaper. Perekleit wallpaper, carefully cutting the edges. Often when applying adhesives to the painted surface, wet spots or individual spots appear with a "stale" color, the color of which is much darker. This happens when they paint not quite dried plaster. Such defects are eliminated by washing the entire surface with warm water, drying the damp places, and then priming and painting again. When applying painters with an insufficient amount of glue, a shaving of the paint layer occurs, which is eliminated by also washing the surface, then priming and painting with a color scheme with normal glue content. When applying painters with excess glue, as well as when painting surfaces, filled or primed with compositions containing an excess amount of glue, the color of the color is fading: marble spots and stripes appear. To eliminate them, wash the paint with hot water, rinse the surface several times with warm water and, when it dries out, cover it with a very weak primer (with a small amount of glue) - the glue from the putty should fix the weak primer. A primer for this purpose is prepared according to the following recipe: Primer on re-glued putty (per 10 l of composition)
In addition to the defects listed above, which are obtained by dyeing with aqueous compositions, including glue ones, there may be other defects. The reasons for their appearance and methods of elimination are listed in Table. 15. The quality of water colors is determined mainly by the appearance of the work performed. Table 15
test questions
Section 3 PM 03 "Surface pasting with various materials",should: have practical experience: · Pasting surfaces with various materials be able to: · Prepare glue · To control the quality of preparation and surface treatment · Apply adhesives to surfaces · Wallpaper ceilings · To paste over walls various wall-paper · Control the quality of the wallpaper know: · Basic labor law · Rules for reading drawings · Methods of work organization at the workplace · Rates of raw materials and materials for work performed · Basic labor economics · safety rules · Types of basic materials used in the manufacture of wallpaper · Requirements for the quality of materials used in wallpaper production · Ways of preparing surfaces for surface pasting · Purpose and rules for the use of hand tools, tools, machines and mechanisms · Methods of cooking glue · Quality requirements · Safety regulations when performing wallpaper works · Technology of pasting ceilings and walls with wallpaper and films · Types of wallpaper · The principle of cutting wallpaper · Conditions for pasting various types of wallpaper and films Topic 3.1. Methods for preparing surfaces for wallpapering. 1. Make a table: "The sequence of the processes in the preparation of surfaces for wallpapering on monolithic plaster and concrete, on dry gypsum plaster, on wood." 2. Write a summary. Subject for essay: "Adhesives for wallpaper works." Topic 3.2. Technology pasting walls and ceilings wallpaper. 1. Prepare a report. Subject for the essay: "Which wallpaper to choose?" 2. Create a table of the most common defects on the surface, when pasting with wallpaper. Identify the causes and remedies. 3. Prepare a project presentation on a removable disk: “Apartment of the Future” - collective work. Section 4 PM. 03 Repairing painted and pasted surfaces. In order to master the specified type of professional activity and relevant professional competencies the student, during the development Section 4 PM. 04 "Repairing painted and pasted surfaces",should: have practical experience: · Repairing painted and pasted surfaces be able to: · Repair the glued surfaces with wallpaper and films · To repair painted surfaces with various painting compositions · Control the quality of repair work · Comply with safe working conditions know: · Technology of repairing surfaces pasted over with various materials, painted with aqueous and non-aqueous compositions · Requirements of sanitary norms and rules for the repair of plastered and painted surfaces · Safety regulations when performing repair work Under this section, for independent work is proposed: Topic 4.2. Technology of repair painted and pasted surfaces. 1. Preparation of flow charts: o To repair painted surfaces with water formulations; o For repair of painted surfaces with non-aqueous compositions; o For repair of surfaces pasted over with wallpaper. Criteria for evaluation. An important part of the student’s independent work is the preparation and protection of essays, reports, projects, essays, test and term papers. Types of independent work in the study of any discipline are the preparation of a report, essay, messages or notes. These works are written work. 1. Report – this is a verbal or written presentation of a message to a specific The report is compiled according to the following algorithm: 1. To pick up the literature on this topic, to get acquainted with its content. 2. Using bookmarks to mark the most significant places or make 3. Make a plan for the report. 4. Write a plan of the report, in conclusion of which it is necessary to express your 5. Relation to the stated topic and its content. 7. To issue in accordance with the requirements for the design of written work. Approximate structure of the report: 1. Title page 2. Explanatory note 3. Introduction 4. Text of work 5. Conclusion. 3. List of references. Abstract (from the Latin refero - I report, I inform), a summary in writing or in the form of a public presentation of the content of the book, scientific work, the results of the study of a scientific problem; A report on a specific topic, including a review of relevant literature and other sources. As a rule, the abstract has a scientific - informational purpose. In the process of working on the essay, there are 4 stages: 1. Introduction - the choice of topics, work on the plan and introduction. 2.Basic - work on the content and conclusion of the abstract. 3. The final - design of the essay. 4. Protection of the essay (in the exam, student conference, etc.) The structure of the abstract: · Title page · Introduction: justification of the topic of the abstract, its relevance, significance; listing issues addressed in the abstract; definition of goals and objectives of the work; review of sources and literature. Its volume is 1-3 pages. · Main part:the main part has a name expressing the essence of the abstract, may consist of two or three sections, which also have a name. The main part of the state of the studied issue is described in a deep and systematic manner; contradictory opinions are given, which are contained in various sources, which are analyzed and evaluated with special care. · Conclusion (conclusions and suggestions): the results of the analysis of the evolution and development trends of the issue under consideration are formulated; Suggestions are given on how to resolve significant issues. The volume of the conclusion is 2-3 pages. In presenting the material, the following rules must be followed: · It is not recommended to lead the story in the first person singular. It is necessary to choose the impersonal forms of the verb. For example, instead of the phrase “conducting my experiment,” it is better to write “the experiment performed.” · At the mention in the text of the surnames it is necessary to put initials before the surname. · The quotation is given in the form in which it is given in the source and is enclosed in quotes on both sides. · Each chapter begins with a new page. 3. Synopsis - it is a consistent, coherent presentation of the material of a book or article in accordance with its logical structure. The main part of the abstract consists of theses, but evidence, facts and extracts, charts and tables, as well as notes from the reader about what they read are added to them. If the summary consists of only extracts, it is called textual abstract. This is the most “non-developing” type of the abstract, since when it is compiled the thought of a student is practically turned off from work, and the whole thing comes down to a mechanical rewriting of the text. If the content of the read is presented mainly in the form of presentation, retelling is free abstract. If only one or a few of the problems relating to the topic are singled out from the read, as the main ones, but not the entire content of the book is a thematic summary. 4.Posts Message writing rules 1. On the card in the library, select the literature on the topic. 2. Study the literature, make a plan for individual sections. 3. Make a plan of messages (systematization of information received, conclusions and generalizations). 4. When making messages, use pictures, diagrams, etc. The time for reading a speech with a message and a summary is 3-5 minutes, with a report and an abstract of 5-8 minutes. TOOLS FOR BATTLE WORKS 1. Scissors. 2. Roller for leveling pasted wallpaper. 3. Brush for smoothing wallpaper. 4. Brush for smearing glue. 6. Ruler. 7. Roller knife. When accepting works, the compliance of the wallpaper with samples approved by the author’s supervision is checked. Wallpaper works are accepted only after drying pasted over with both surfaces or after glued on a crust. The quality of the wallpaper should meet the following requirements: On the glued surfaces there should not be bubbles and spots; All panels should have the same color and shade; The fit of the pattern at the joints should be accurate - with tolerances of no more than +0.5 mm; Gaps, pasting and peeling are not allowed; Joints of wallpaper when gluing them abutly should not be visible at a distance of 3 m. When gluing wallpaper overlap, the edge of the panel should be turned towards the light - towards the windows. DIARY REPORT number 27 date<<13>\u003e 06 2015 Theme:Preparation of surfaces for painting. Purpose:To master the techniques of preparing surfaces for painting. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools - brush, roller. Before painting the surface must be definitely prepared. Before the start of painting works in the premises, all construction works are completed (except for laying linoleum on floors and parquet flooring), electrical work, installation and testing of central heating, water supply, and sewerage. The surface to be painted must have a certain moisture content (for plastered and concrete surfaces no more than 8%, and for wooden surfaces - 12%). In winter conditions, internal painting works are carried out in insulated and heated premises at the temperature of the coolest surfaces above 8 ° C. Wooden structures should be well secured, not have cracks, burrs and other flaws. Window and door blocks come to objects painted once (i.e., all the processes preceding the first coloring are performed by the manufacturer). DIARY REPORT number 28 date<<13>\u003e 06 2015 Theme:Facade painting with acrylic paints. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting facades with acrylic paints. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools - brush, roller.
DIARY REPORT number 29 date<<13>\u003e 06 2015 Theme:Facade coloring with silicate compositions. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting facades with silicate compounds. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-brush roller. The surface for painting with silicate paints should be carefully prepared. Loose surfaces (plaster, brick) are pre-primed with water or, if it does not help, with a solution of liquid glass (specific gravity 1.13-1.15) with chalk; coloring in case of priming with water is made on the wet surface. DIARY REPORT number 30 date<<13>\u003e 06 2015 Theme:Facade painting with cement formulations. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting facades with cement compositions. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock The surface for painting with cement compositions should be prepared as for ordinary painting of facades, and after washing it should be abundantly moistened with water to create normal conditions for cement hardening and prevent water from sucking from the painting composition. DIARY REPORT № 31 date<<02>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Facade painting with lime structures. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting facades with lime compounds. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects cause of their appearance and how to eliminate them DIARY REPORT number 32 date<<03>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of surfaces painted with water. Purpose:Master the techniques of repairing surfaces painted with water. . Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. The requirements of the preparatory work DIARY REPORT number 33 date<<04>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Preparation of plaster surfaces for painting the field of vinyl chloride compounds. Purpose:To master the techniques of preparation of plaster surfaces for painting the field of vinyl chloride compounds . Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and ways to eliminate them. DIARY REPORT № 34 date<<05>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of concrete surfaces painted with oil paints. . Purpose:To master the techniques of repairing concrete surfaces painted with oil paints. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and eliminate them. DIARY REPORT number 35 date<<07>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting borders and friezes. Purpose:Master the techniques of pasting borders and friezes. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Where they apply. DIARY REPORT number 36 date<<08>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Features of the production of painting works in winter conditions. Purpose:Know the requirement in the production of painting work in winter conditions. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 37 date<<08>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Methods of performance and quality control for alternative works. Purpose:Master the ways to perform and quality control during alternative jobs. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Quality control. DIARY REPORT number 38 date<<09>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Surface coating with casein formulations. Purpose:To master the techniques of surface coating with casein compounds . . Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and ways to eliminate them. DIARY REPORT № 39 date<<10>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Coloring parquet coatings with special compounds. Purpose:To master the methods of painting parquet coverings with special compositions. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT № 40 date<<11>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Processing and coloring of metal surfaces in manual and mechanized ways. Purpose:To master the methods of processing and painting metal surfaces in manual and mechanized ways. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 41 date<<12>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Coloring of various surfaces under a texture a step a gray. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting various surfaces for step gray texture. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT № 42 date<<14>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Painting window and door surfaces with oil formulations. Purpose:To master the techniques of painting window and door surfaces with oil formulations. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 43 date<<15>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting concrete surfaces with imprinted wallpaper. Purpose:To master the techniques of pasting concrete surfaces with cramped wallpaper. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 44 date<<16>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting plastered surface with vinyl wallpaper. Purpose:To master the techniques of pasting plastered surfaces with vinyl wallpaper. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT № 45 date<<17>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting the plasterboard surface with washable wallpaper. Purpose:To master the techniques of pasting drywall surfaces with washable wallpaper. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 46 date<<18>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting a wooden surface with paper wallpaper. Purpose:To master the techniques of pasting a wooden surface with paper wallpaper. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 47 date<<21>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Pasting the field vinyl chloride self-adhesive films. Purpose:To master the techniques of pasting the field vinyl chloride self-adhesive films. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 48 date<<22>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of painted surfaces with water formulations. Purpose:own the techniques of repairing painted surfaces with water compositions. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and ways to eliminate them. DIARY REPORT 49 date<<23>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of painted surfaces with water-based paint. Purpose:own the techniques of repairing painted surfaces with a water-based composition. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT number 50 date<<24>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of painted surfaces with non-aqueous compositions. Purpose:to master the techniques of repairing painted surfaces with non-aqueous compositions. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and ways to eliminate them. Task 3. Requirements of SNiP with improved coloring by molar composition. DIARY REPORT № 51 date<<25>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of wooden and metal surfaces. Purpose:To master the methods of repairing wooden and metal surfaces. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects and ways to eliminate them. Task 3. Requirements of SNiP with improved color. DIARY REPORT number 52 date<<26>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of pasted surfaces. Purpose:To master the techniques of repairing pasted surfaces. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. Task 2. Defects causes. Task 3. Requirements of the SNiP to the quality of repair work. DIARY REPORT number 53 date<<28>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:Repair of laminated surfaces field vinyl films. Purpose:To master the techniques of repairing the glued surfaces of the field with vinyl chloride films. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. DIARY REPORT № 54 date<<29>\u003e 03 2016 Theme:The workplace of the painter and individual means are sewn up. Purpose:Know the workplace painter and individual means sewn. Place of performance:Training workshops Working hours -6 o'clock Tools-drill with a mixer whisk, trowel. |
Popular:
New
- Markup definition. Planar marking. Types of markup. Questions for self-test
- Pipe bending machines Various variations of pipe bending machine
- Safety during filing
- What should be the sharpening angle of the scriber
- Drawing on preparation of contours of future product
- Modern ways of cutting metal and its defects
- Kerner - so that the drill does not slip off!
- Objects of inanimate nature Examples of the influence of inanimate nature factors on plants
- Finishing joinery
- Block breakdown in AutoCAD - simple and effective teams from practitioners