Repair of a balcony slab can be done with the involvement of construction organizations, and on its own. Depending on the degree of destruction is determined by the need for cosmetic or major repairs.

Over time, the balcony plate comes into disrepair. Its destruction occurs mainly from the effects of moisture on concrete and reinforcement, the gravity of balcony elements and people, rapid temperature changes, the lack of repair work as needed.

Repair on their own or capital?

If the house is over 40 years old, its balconies gradually become useless. The question arises how to strengthen the balcony so that it will last for many years and ensure the complete safety of the people on it.

In the Khrushchev destroyed bases of the balconies are visible even without an examination. If you do not carry out repairs, the whole structure may break off and fall down.

It is possible to repair and reinforce the structure with your own hands in case of a slight shedding of the corners, the appearance of cracks in the concrete, provided that the reinforcement is in proper condition.

A major overhaul is required if cracks appear at the junction of the balcony with the wall, if the concrete has crumbled and the reinforcement damaged by rust is visible.

Strengthening a balcony slab with your own hands is a very responsible business, requiring sufficient skills and knowledge in the field of construction. For a non-professional it is difficult to determine the degree of destruction. To assess the state of the balcony is better to invite an expert.

Do-it-yourself balcony repair

  Clean and clean everything that is crumbling and rusted.

The sequence of actions for self-restoration of a balcony slab is as follows.

To perform repair work, it does not require any special materials. It is enough to purchase a channel bar, beams and metal corners.

Balcony extension

  Take out the balcony stove no more than 30-40 cm

Before in brick houses it is necessary to repair the slab.

Stages of work on the removal of the plate and strengthening the balcony are as follows:

1. Dismantling the old fencing. For these works used grinder. Workers should wear seat belts.
2. The metal frame is brewed, which is fixed on the plate and under it on the wall, along the entire height and width of the structure. As the material for the frame, a shaped tube or a metal corner is used.
3. When the metal "cabin" is ready, you can install a metal frame.

For repairs, we choose lighter materials in order to minimize the load on the slab. For information on how to make a balcony on the floor, make a frame, look in this useful video:

Calculate the load on the slab, taking into account the weight of all building materials, people who may be on the balcony, the mass of snow falling on the balcony or water from the rain. Removal of more than 45 cm is not recommended.

The overhaul is carried out by specialists of construction companies, who have already replaced worn out balcony tiles in brick houses built in the 60s.

When carrying out major repairs it is often necessary to carry out such type of work as strengthening the balcony slab. For more information about the overhaul of the loggia, see this video:

The technology of work of construction organizations is as follows:

When making repairs to a worn-out balcony slab in the houses of old buildings, it must be borne in mind that not only the stove, but also the walls may be in disrepair. Therefore, you should pay special attention to the attachment of the balcony to the wall.

In order not to get over the overhaul, it is necessary to regularly conduct scheduled repairs.

Features mounting balcony plates

  Types of mounting balcony plates

Methods of mounting plates can be different:

• pinched wall of a building;
• using a cantilever supporting floor slab;
• in frame buildings, consoles of internal walls or columns serve as a support;
• the slab is suspended from the inner bearing walls;
• suspended from the ceiling;
• based on added metal structures, less often on wooden ones.

Jamming is used in brick houses. In the wall mounted invoices or underlay reinforced concrete elements, forming a niche in which the plate is welded. The thickness of the edge, which is attached to the wall, increase.

Plate replacement

Replacing a worn balcony plate is made if the frame is hopelessly damaged by rust. The work is performed in stages:

• replace unsuitable fittings, be sure to ground it and process against corrosion;
• 200 mm wide holes are drilled in the wall at a distance of 100 mm, metal rods are inserted perpendicular to the wall. Their length should correspond to the width of the balcony;
• formwork is being made, the reinforcement base is poured with concrete;
• the channel is fixed to the wall, like consoles on both sides of the base. For general work on the replacement of the slab and overhaul of the balcony, see this video:

Why not make a one-piece balcony construction with a slab of a house? If the balcony is made a continuation of the ceiling of the building, then the lifetime of the entire building will decrease. Corrosion of the reinforcement will penetrate inside the building. Also, the inner side will act by gravity on the wall, trying to lift it.

Housing construction keeps pace with the times. But, as before, the balconies remain out of work, all the same small rooms, sometimes of irregular shape, which initially require repair. What to say about the secondary housing, where many balconies need major repairs and restoration.

The enormous deterioration of buildings and the lack of proper attention on the part of public utilities caused the balconies to collapse, the plates bend, concrete falls, the parapet loosens and rust, and the balcony often collapses. In order not to lose part of the apartment, a competent balcony repair is necessary, the photos that are presented in the article demonstrate the most successful findings on the restoration of emergency structures.

Let's talk about how to avoid collapse, who should monitor their condition, what examinations and examinations will be needed to start the reconstruction, how to make a balcony repair with your own hands. And of course we will discuss the financial side, we will understand at whose expense the restoration of the extension, because the repair of the balcony is a laborious process, with a complex technology of restoring and strengthening the structure, requiring considerable cash infusions.

Features of repair

To begin with, the balcony is a plate, perpendicularly protruding relative to the facade of the house, which on the outside is bounded by a parapet, and in some cases it has a roof. Thus, the balcony plate is a common property, and the balance holder of the house, the homeowners association or the management company is responsible for its repair. The internal space lies in the area of ​​responsibility of the apartment owners, and therefore the repair of the parapet, the roof and inside the room is the burden of responsibility of the residents themselves.

Getting ready to repair

Although in law all rights and responsibilities are clearly delineated, in practice the situation looks much different. As a rule, money for these purposes is not enough, so the balconies are not repaired, decay, and, in the end, become dangerous for exploitation.

Often, balancers refuse to repair loggias and balconies, photos of lost stoves

If you notice that the slab has dangerously tilted, cracks have appeared, concrete crumbles, do not wait for a piece of the balcony to fall on the head of passers-by or a parked car. Your inaction can lead not only to damage to health and damage to property, but also to administrative, and in some cases, to criminal liability. To relieve yourself of this burden, be sure to write a statement in the HOA about the emergency condition of your balcony, which will be supported by photos and signatures of neighbors. Thus, you notify them of the improper condition of the common property, and then they will bear all responsibility for the accidents. Even if the stove is completely lost, and the management company declares to you: there is no balcony - there are no problems, while collecting all the necessary documents, you can make a new extension to the balcony.

In the best case, the balancer will start repairing the dangerous extensions, but most likely, a commission will be created that will conduct a survey of the facilities, and you will be given a prescription prohibiting the use of the extension. In order not to lose even if small, but intelligently equipped, useful meters, you will have to do the repair of the balcony in stages, with your own hands and at your own expense.

But even if you are ready to bear the cost of repair, then in this case with emergency extensions is not so simple. You will have to call representatives of a construction company to the site, which has a certificate for such work, the result should be an inspection report, as well as an estimate for the repair, with a list of all necessary work steps. Only if this condition is met, your repair will be legal.

After the repair, it will be necessary to draw up an act of acceptance of the work performed, checks for materials, documented expenses for the work done, and write a statement of claim to the court to compensate you for the cost of repairing the plate.

Balcony repair, video helps to understand how to strengthen the plate.

Do-it-yourself balcony repair

If all the preliminary procedures are completed, you can safely begin to repair the balcony with your own hands. Here we make a reservation, for major repairs in the old fund, where the balcony stove is completely or partially lost, it is better to attract professionals. The restoration of the concrete slab requires intervention in the integrity of the bearing wall, which, due to the dilapidated structure, can lead to its destruction. In such cases, exact compliance with the technology of restoration of concrete structures is required, so it is unlikely that you will be able to repair the balcony yourself.

Repair of the balcony, photo of the reconstruction of the plate with the help of a channel, which allows not only to strengthen the slab, but also to increase the extension area

But a major overhaul of the balcony, where the stove was lost in small parts, bent down, the parapet rusted, the roof leaks, minor cracks appeared, it is quite possible to do it yourself. Typically, such defects are faced by apartment owners in Khrushchev or Brezhnevka, but balconies in new homes often require at least redecoration. In addition, because of the high cost of housing, balcony glazing, insulation and alteration of extensions for bedrooms, offices, and recreation areas are increasingly practiced. So comprehensive repair will help not only to put in order a balcony, but also to get additional useful meters.

How to prepare for repair

The main reason for the destruction of the balconies is the harmful effects of the environment: snow, rain, increased moisture, icing - all this leads to corrosion of metal parts and the loss of concrete characteristics by the concrete. The reason is poor waterproofing or none at all. Next, we will tell you how to start repairing a balcony, how to reinforce a balcony, what materials to use for this.

Surface research

The methods of fixing the balcony slab in the panel and brick houses are identical, so the repair of the balcony in the panel house is carried out using the same technology as in brick houses. First of all, you should clear the extension of debris and dirt. Then all surfaces are tapped with a hammer with a round head and a 50 mm handle. The weight of the hammer should not exceed 0.6 kg, and the blows should be of medium strength. Listen to the sounds, a dull sound indicates that there is a void inside, it means you have to hit harder, a ringing sound indicates a strong concrete. Handling with a hammer should be until the time when dents from blows appear on the surface. After this, one should thoroughly sweep away all the fragments, remove dust from the surface.

If the slab has collapsed strongly, and the reinforcement is visible, then rust should be removed with an emery paper, vinegar, a stiff brush, then the rods should be treated with a protective compound. If the wear of the reinforcement exceeds 75%, then it is better to cut such parts by welding and weld a new frame.

Repair of the slab, strengthening the structure with a new frame

Sealing gaps

Then examine all the joints for cracks, they may not be as safe as it seems at first glance. To do this, you can use the iron ruler or special probes. Throw a ruler into the gap, if it passes easily, and then abruptly stops, then the crack is not dangerous. If, with repeated reinforcement, the ruler hardly, but passes inward, then this indicates a serious deformation of the joints, and in some cases, a through split of the slab, which requires much more serious repair.

Before repairing the gaps in the balcony, it is necessary to widen the edges of the crack to increase the adhesion area of ​​the repair compound. It is recommended to hammer in wooden wedges in large gaps, you can use foam, but it loses its properties over time. Then fill the gap with cement-sand mortar. If the gap is uncomfortable, narrow, at the junction where the plate is adjacent to the bearing wall, it can be treated with tar, stick a metal corner, additionally attach it to the floor and walls with anchors, and top again with a thick waterproofing for a couple of layers. This method will additionally strengthen the balcony slab, when finishing the balcony, the whole structure will hide under a layer of insulation and facing the floor.

If the stove is bent

The balcony plate has its own technological slope from the wall to the outer part of 2-3 o, it is designed for draining moisture. A larger slope indicates the emergency condition of the balcony, such a defect may lead to the collapse of the structure. To avoid the effects required strengthening balconies. Such activities should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, it is necessary not only to strengthen the balcony around the perimeter, but also to strengthen the fastenings in the places where the structure is adjacent to the facade of the house, and in some cases support the slab from below or from above with specially designed corners.

The most effective way to strengthen the plate is to install the channel into the body of the wall, depending on the project of the house, the channel is partially mounted into the thickness of the masonry, or it pierces the wall through. In any case, such works require a separate project, attracting highly qualified specialists and special equipment, but this reinforcement option allows not only strengthening, but also expanding the balcony area, and even building a balcony where it was not originally provided for by the project.

Repair and reinforcement of the slab, piping around the perimeter and upper support of the structure with a special stretch

Strengthening the balcony with your own hands

If you decide to do repairs on the balcony with your own hands, you will have to go another way. You can scald the balcony slab and parapet with a metal corner, and at the points of junction with the wall, you can also fix the corners with anchors 20 mm in diameter, the anchors should enter the wall at least 100 mm.

A reliable way to strengthen the slab is a specially designed holder corners. For their installation under the stove, the obligatory consent of the neighbors from the bottom is required, since the installation affects their territory. If permission is not obtained, then these corners are welded on the sides, upwards. This mounting option assumes that the side walls will be deaf, as the mounting will interfere with the glazing of the balcony and spoil the view from the window.

Strengthening the balcony with corners involves an individual calculation of the shape and size of the metal for each individual case. These parameters depend on the loads on the balcony, open spaces are lighter, they require small corners, and glazed and insulated balconies need serious strengthening, since the load increases many times.

Upper plate reinforcement with a strand

The corner leg adjacent to the wall must be reinforced with a special sole in order to increase the area of ​​the corner attachment to the wall; for this, a rectangular plate is welded. In the wall you will need to make pads under the sole The corner is fastened with anchors that must flash the wall at least half its thickness. After which the joints are plastered.

Repair and restoration of the concrete slab

If the plate is completely lost, then a metal profile is welded to the holders around the perimeter, after which a reinforcing frame of corrugated reinforcement with a cross section of 6-8 mm and a cell side of 100 mm is attached to it. Further wooden formwork is arranged, concrete is poured.

Plate repair, new reinforcement cage

Several important stages of repair

As mentioned above, the main enemy of the balconies is an aggressive environment that mercilessly destroys materials. Before repairing the balcony inside, it is necessary to process all surfaces on 2 layers with waterproofing, paying special attention to the joints. High-quality sealing will not allow moisture to penetrate inside, which means that finishing the balcony will serve you for many years.

Treat all joints with bitumen mastic, then cut galvanized steel strips 200 mm wide, bend, glue around the perimeter, additionally fasten to the dowel-nails, and top with a couple more layers of waterproofing.

Before the glazing, be sure to sheathe the outside of the balcony with siding or professional sheet, then you can proceed to the finishing of the balcony from the inside:

1. Roof trim.
2. Glazing.
3. Laying insulation.
4. Crate.
5. Finishing.

If necessary, before the final wall cladding under the crate, you can hold the light on the balcony and think about heating.

Whether it will be a flower garden on the balcony, an outdoor seating area, a private room, or you decide to join the balcony, it is important to keep in mind the allowable loads on the structure. Standards prescribed in SNiP 2.01.07-85, in simple words - 1800 kg. It is impossible to answer unequivocally what weight the balcony can withstand, the maximum load can exceed the standards by 2 times, but it is better not to risk it, you cannot take into account all the nuances of construction and the actual wear and tear of the house. Whether it is a balcony repair in a Khrushchev or a new house, choose light, modern materials, preferably non-combustible, do not let moisture, then you just do not overload the structure and avoid collapsing the balcony due to extra pounds. See the photo gallery and video presented in the article, we tried to illustrate each stage, how to make repairs on the balcony.

Photo of the balcony after repair, reinforcement of the plate with a metal corner

For many, the decisive argument when choosing an apartment is the presence of a balcony. According to its purpose, it is truly universal. After all, this is a convenient place for fans to smoke, and a kind of recreation area. Balcony can be arranged as a study with a great panoramic view, or turn it into a storage room. Well, you should not overlook the appearance: other balconies and loggias can be called a real home decoration without stretch.

But nothing lasts forever. Over time, any architectural designs are destroyed. This is especially true of external, remote, which include balconies. But to prolong their life is quite possible. Especially if in time to detect signs of "aging" and do repairs.

When do you need a balcony renovation?

Balconies overwhelmingly deteriorate from moisture. Penetrating inside the structure, water can cause reinforcement corrosion, as a result of which it loses its bearing capacity, expands and actually crumbles the concrete.

About the beginning of the destructive process indicates the appearance of cracks. But do not rush to gloss over them with a solution. First you need to find out how seriously corrosion has affected the structure.

The cracks can be very deep, which will not be visible from the outside. In this case, it is better to entrust the rescue of your balcony to a specialist repairman. And with minor damage you will be able to cope on your own.

The following signs indicate the emergency condition of the balcony and its plate:

• bare fittings;
• the appearance of deep cracks at the junction of the slab with the wall;
• the destruction of concrete on top of the slab and its detachment from below;
• collapse of plate fragments.

Strengthening the balcony slab on the wall structure of the building has its own characteristics and depends on the material of the building.

How is the repair of balconies

Restoration of the balcony slab includes several working stages. Repair begins with a balcony: all the excess is taken out, the garbage is removed, the crumbled concrete is carefully removed.

Bare fittings are cleaned of rust. Its top layer is cleaned off easily, and then the reinforcement bars must be treated with a special anti-corrosion agent.

The next stage of recovery is work with welded reinforcing mesh. It is laid on the surface of the slab and fixed with special dowels so that it is completely recessed in the concrete screed. For this, a gap is left between the plate and the grid.

A solution of sand and cement is poured onto the reinforcing mesh and “ironed” (the screed is filled with dry cement and rubbed).

The bottom surface of the balcony plate must be plastered, having previously treated the surface with a primer.

It is necessary to ensure that the concrete screed is two or more times thicker than the reinforcing mesh.

With significant corrosion of the reinforcement cage, reinforcement of the balcony slab will be required - this is a more extensive work.

In this situation, rolled steel beams are installed on the sides of the balcony slab and are fixed console to the wall, and the reinforcement mesh is welded to the beams. Next begins the work above concrete pouring.

Upon completion of the reconstruction of the balcony slab, its surface must be waterproofed, which is mandatory if the balcony is open. For this purpose, various waterproofing materials roll or obmazochnogo type. In particular, Penetron penetrating waterproofing has proven itself well. It is applied on a pre-wetted surface in two layers, after which the surface should remain moist for three days. At the same time mechanical impacts and temperatures below 0 degrees are not allowed.

Features mounting balcony plates in houses of various types

Uninformed people in construction believe that the balcony slab is a projection of the floor slab. But it is not.

Such a design would reduce the life of not only the balcony, but the whole house: the corrosion of the reinforcement will penetrate deep into the slab, and the overlap will lose strength, which threatens the house with an emergency condition and eventually demolition.

If, however, skip the balcony slab through the wall, the support area will be larger, but the building structures do not withstand long-term multidirectional loads. In the case of passing the balcony slab through the wall, the inner edge of the latter will be pressed against it, which can lead to a sudden catastrophic destruction of a part of the building.

Currently, the following effective and safe methods of fastening balcony plates are used:

• clamping or pinching in the construction of the outer wall of the building;
• the use of cantilever floor slabs;
• resting on the cantilevers of columns or interior walls (in frame buildings);
• suspension to the internal bearing transverse walls or to the overlap;
• based on reinforced concrete, steel or wooden structures.

In brick buildings:

strengthening of the balcony slab is carried out by pinching. In the outer wall of the building wall reinforced concrete slabs and bedding elements, which form a niche for a balcony slab, are immured. The edge of the slab adjacent to the outer wall necessarily thickens. The entry of the balcony plate into the wall is quite large. The plate is necessarily welded with steel anchors.

In reinforced concrete and panel houses of the type:

balcony plates are based on the ZHB-construction with the use of floors. Strengthening the balcony slab in frame buildings is carried out using beam technology. In this case, the load on the wall of the building is absent, since the balcony slab rests on the column consoles.

Installation of balcony fences

Despite the fact that the old fence can still be quite strong, the overhaul of the balcony slab already implies the installation of a new enclosing structure. In addition, if in the future it is planned to glaze a balcony and its insulation, then it would not be superfluous to think over a qualitative basis in advance.

At the device of protections welding works are usually used.An alternative way is to fasten the structure with anchors.

The frame of the new fencing is made of a rectangular shaped tube. This design is easy to install and has a very attractive appearance. "In the appendage" it is attached to the ebb of galvanized steel around the perimeter of the balcony slab, which reliably protects its edge from rain and snow.

How to make a balcony repair, a photo of the damage repair process - we are looking for this information in the first place, when it becomes necessary to fix the destroyed slab. Damage to the balcony slab has a different complexity, some of which can lead to collapse.

In this article you will learn how to eliminate minor damage and to restore and strengthen the balcony. The photo gallery below contains several examples of overhaul.

Evaluation of the state of the plate and its preparation for repair

Before you begin to repair, you need to inspect the stove and find out how badly it is destroyed. On the basis of this inspection, you will be able to find out what kind of repair is required and make an estimate of future work. For self-study balcony only visual inspection and tapping is available to you. A deaf sound upon impact means that there are voids inside the body of the slab.

If desired, you can call a specialist who will conduct an examination and accurately determine the carrying capacity of the carrier plate. It is very important to know how much weight a balcony can withstand, because after glazing the load will increase significantly.

We assess the condition of the balcony

Inspect the plate. Working condition: concrete defects are insignificant, without large areas of bare reinforcement, knocking fails to localize the voids in the body of the slab. The limited working condition implies the presence of large open areas of reinforcement and significant destruction of concrete.

Balcony repair in Khrushchev. Evaluation of the state of the plate

Balcony in emergency condition, if: destroyed fittings, concrete breaks into pieces. The body of the slab can be destroyed by 50-90%.

If the roof of the balcony is made of concrete, then we evaluate it according to the same criteria as the base plate. Additionally, we look if the ceiling is flowing. And the restoration work will have to be conducted on the same principle.

How to start repairing a balcony: a preliminary inspection

Preparing a balcony for repair

The corroded fittings are cleaned of concrete until the whole bars are visible. Places where during the tapping revealed voids, using a punch break. If this is not done, then in the future it will not be possible to properly close up all the cracks. In the figure below you see the result of such an error.

High-quality sealing of even small cracks affects the increase in the maximum load on the slab

Now we inspect the parapet. Metal fence, if it is rotten, cut with a grinder. Next, we clean the reinforcement and metal parts of the parapet with a wire brush. As an option, you can use a drill with a special nozzle.

Do-it-yourself balcony repair: step-by-step surface preparation

The next step is dedusting surfaces. For this you can use an industrial vacuum cleaner or a device for supplying water under pressure. After everything is dry, we process all metal elements with anticorrosive material.

Repair of the balcony in the panel house. Processing of metal parts of balconies and loggias with anti-corrosion composition

Repair and restoration of the balcony

Before proceeding with the elimination of defects, it is necessary to treat surfaces with an adhesive composition. This will ensure a good coupling of the repair compositions with concrete.

Repair minor damage

Narrow slots can be sealed with ready-made polyurethane-based products. The most convenient way is to use the materials in syringe vials; the narrow tip allows you to inject the composition deeper.

How to seal up the gaps in the balcony: the technology of filling defects with repair compound

Not deep, but large area defects of concrete are repaired with the help of cement-sand mortar. After all the repair compositions have hardened, it is necessary to process the slab with a waterproofing compound. Then you can do waterproofing and sealing the balcony and then finishing work.

Sealing damage to a balcony slab in a brick house

Balcony repair in limited working condition

We repair the slab destroyed at the edges in stages as follows:

• We fill the lost concrete with cement-sand mixture (3 to 2).
• We scald the balcony around the perimeter with a metal corner.

How to repair a balcony: replenishment of lost concrete at the edges and installation of trim

If there is significant damage over the entire surface of the slab, it will have to be reinforced. Since here you need to fill a concrete screed, then on the strapping we weld the board from the same metal corner.

Repair the balcony do it yourself. Making board for reinforcement screed

We lay the reinforcing mesh. It can be made from a metal bar with a section of 5mm. We make cells with a side of 100-150 mm. The grid is laid out on the plate so that there is a gap of 2-3 cm.

The net is tied to the reinforcement of the slab, which protrudes from the concrete. Where it is adjacent to the strapping - we use welding. We make an expansion joint. To do this, lay along the wall damping shock absorber tape. Fill all the cement-sand mixture. The total thickness of the layer should not exceed 5 cm.

How to make repairs on the balcony: the device of an expansion joint

If the permissible load on the slab is very small, you can reduce the weight of the screed and at the same time insulate the base by first placing a layer of expanded clay under the mesh. The solution in this case is made more liquid than in the example shown in the photo below.

Repair loggias and balconies. Photo mounting reinforcement screed

Repair of an emergency balcony

Here only one reinforcing screed is indispensable. We are faced with the task of increasing the carrying capacity of the supporting plate, which means we will have to deal with the installation of the reinforcing structure. The following guide will be useful to you.

Channel reinforcement

Strengthening of a balcony plate by means of a channel - the most widespread way. To work we need:

• Several segments of the channel length equal to the length of the balcony slab - two side and intermediate, if they are needed.
• Metal corner for strapping - 1 length + 2 widths.

The number of reinforcing elements is calculated based on the fact that the distance between them should be 70-80 cm. If the balcony is not more than a meter in length, then we do not do intermediate elements. The width of the balcony is the distance that it extends outside, and the length is the length of the slab along the wall of the house.

We make a markup for the channels for the channels and we hollow them out with a perforator. Nests should be two-thirds of the wall thickness embedded in the wall. Next, we get the channel inside, weld them to the reinforcement plate. Concrete reinforcement elements in the wall.

We restore the emergency balcony: the installation of channels in the wall of the house

After the concrete has set, we weld the trim from the corner along the perimeter of the slab. Do not forget to weld it to the ends of the channels. An example of a structure that should be in the figure below.

Strengthening the balconies with a channel

Restoration of the lost parts of the plate

Here we need a piece of tin, overlapping the defect in size, planks, anchors and a metal corner. A sheet of tin is inserted between the lower part of the slab and the roof of the lower balcony. On the sides we make the formwork of the boards and pour the cement-sand mixture.

Restoration of a destroyed corner

After the concrete has set, we remove the formwork. Next, we produce a strapping of the slab at the bottom edge. We connect the top and bottom strapping between each other jumpers. In the photo below you can see what the stove looks like after such a restoration.

Photo of the balcony after the repair plate

Alternative ways to strengthen the balcony emergency

There are two more ways to repair emergency balconies. In the left part of the picture you can see that the reinforcement is carried out by mounting an extension extending from the wall of the house to the front edge of the slab and a metal corner supporting the base from the bottom.

A diagram of another way to prevent a balcony falling is in the right side of the picture. Square metal plates 10 mm thick are welded to the railing of the parapet. They, in turn, with the help of anchors are attached to the wall of the house. Below the railing is the installation of stretch marks.

Strengthening the slab of a small balcony with stretch marks

Balcony repair: video of restoration of the bearing capacity of the plate.

Completion of repair

After the plate is in working condition, it is necessary to seal the joints with a sealant. Sealing is an obligatory stage of repair before glazing. At this stage, you can carry out the removal of the balcony on the windowsill, this will give the expansion of the area of ​​the balcony. Next, turn the balcony glazing.

The balcony plate is the basis of your balcony. It is from its strength characteristics and dimensions that the operational properties of the balcony structure depend. Read.

Specifications

Types of balcony plates, their main parameters and dimensions are governed by GOST 25697-83.

Balcony plates are divided into the following types:

• PB - flat solid beams;
• PBC - flat solid console;
• FGP - ribbed console.

Balcony plates are manufactured in lengths from 1200 mm to 7200 mm, widths from 1200 mm to 1800 mm. Standard sizes of balcony plates: length - 3275 mm, width 800 mm.

The thickness of the balcony slab in brick and panel houses or in Khrushchev varies from 150 mm to 220 mm, depending on the type of plate, its size and weight.

The series of a balcony plate consists of several groups of numbers and letters, the series is deciphered as follows: the main group of letters and numbers is the type of plate, the length and width of the plate in decimeters. In additional groups of numbers and letters the following information may be indicated: if the balcony plate is equipped with an emergency exit, then it is indicated from which side of the plate it is located, on the left or on the right; class of prestressed reinforcement, type of concrete, if it is light; for heavy concrete indicates the type of finish the upper front surface.

Allowable loads on the balcony slab are regulated by SNiP 2.01.07-85 * “Loads and Impacts”: in a section 0.8 m wide along the balcony fence - 400 kgf / m2; throughout the balcony area - 200 kgf / m2. The standard design load on the balcony slab in a brick house is 112 kgf / m.

Kinds

• Balcony plates PB are reinforced concrete hollow-core floor slabs. The dimensions of the balcony balcony plate PB 1: product length 3440 mm, product width 1400, product thickness 160 mm.
• In the monolithic version of the balcony plate can be integral with the slab.
• The cantilever balcony plate is fastened by pinching in the wall with one side, or two opposite ones. Suitable for buildings with heavy walls, such as bricks with reinforced concrete floors.

Calculation and device

The balcony slab under the brick walls has a special ledge to ensure the entry of the slab into a special niche in the wall, formed of reinforced concrete linings bricked into the wall. Bearing brick walls, as a rule, perform in two or more bricks, so the entry of the balcony slab into the wall is 300 mm and more.

The node of support of a balcony plate on a brick wall, represents a joint of the horizontal and vertical planes. Moreover, the node bearing can be implemented only on the supporting wall. Calculates the node bearing, to determine the permissible loads, according to GOST 956-91.

The stability of the balcony plate for tilting is calculated by comparing the tilting moment with the holding moment of the weight of the structure.

Mounting technology

The technology of fastening balcony plates depends on the material from which the building is built.

When building a brick house, a balcony slab is attached to the masonry walls.

In a large-panel building, balcony plates are clamped between building blocks. And in fact, and in another embodiment, balcony plates are welded to reinforced concrete lintels and ceilings by means of anchors connected to the reinforcement cage.

Expansion of the balcony on the base plate

Fortification

For the reinforcement of the balcony slab, a reinforcing mesh mounted from a wire with a diameter of 5 mm is used, the rods of which are connected by welding or special soft wire. The mesh is laid on the slab and poured with concrete.

Strengthening the balcony slab in the panel house can be done using the cement screed method.

Repair of balcony tiles

Work on the restoration of the balcony slab refer to the overhaul. This type of work is carried out, if the destruction of the plate has not yet reached the base, and the fittings are damaged by corrosion no more than 10%. The process of restoring the balcony slab includes: trimming the slab, upgrading the reinforcement cage, mounting the formwork, holding the concrete screed, reinforcing the parapet. Plates with more significant damage are accidental and must be replaced. Upon detection of the destruction of the balcony slab, it is necessary to contact the management company with a statement to create a commission and draw up an act, about the degree of destruction of the balcony and possible recognition of it as an emergency.