Wall gutter. Pictures of wall gutters (Fig. 143) are prepared on a workbench. Two sheets are connected by short sides with a single lying fold, which are located in the direction of water flow. On one longitudinal side of the painting, the edge is bent to connect with the paintings of the ordinary coating or to support the drain ends of piece roofing elements (Fig. 143, A - A).

The width of the edge is taken for a single lying fold, and also for covering from piece materials 13 mm, for a double lying fold 25 ... 26 mm.

Fig. 143. Double picture of the wall gutter (right)

On short sides, cuts are made with a depth of 30 mm, 200 ... 230 mm spaced from the second long edge. A flap tape is bent along this edge (Fig. 143, node I), which should be located at an angle of 60 ° to the plane of the picture. The corners of the edges under the double lying folds are cut off by 45 °. In accordance with the amount of precipitation in the construction area, the side of the gutter is bent 120 or 150 mm high.

After that, on the short sides of the picture, the edges bend under the lying folds. At the same time, take into account in which direction from the water intake funnel the gutter will be laid. If you become facing the funnel, then in the pictures of wall gutters intended for the right side of the funnel, the right bends farthest from the funnel are made up and the left bends down, in the gutters of the left side, on the contrary, so that the lying folds do not impede the flow of water.

Hanging gutter. A tray located directly below the edge of the eaves is called a hanging gutter. Most often, these gutters are semicircular and less often rectangular. The radius of curvature of the semicircular trough is 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 mm, the square side of the rectangular trough is 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 or 180 mm; the cross section of the gutter is determined by the product of the area of \u200b\u200bthe drainpipe by a factor of 1.25.

Hanging gutters are installed with a slope of 1: 200 and less often 1: 100. They are made with links with a length of 3 ... 4 m. The cut blanks are connected into the picture with double lying folds, which are upset so that they are outside the gutter. The assembled picture is bent on a special device with a mallet. At the end of the gutters that do not attach to the funnels, plugs are placed.

Belts, sandriks, window sills and other architectural details protruding from the plane of the walls on the facades of buildings are covered with roofing steel or tile to protect them from atmospheric precipitation and to protect the walls of buildings from water leakages. Pictures for coatings are prepared from roofing steel only when the slope of the part to be coated is less than 50%. If the bias of belts, sandriks and window sills is more than 50%, they are tiled.

The coating elements of the cornice belts are prepared in the workshop on a workbench according to drawings or measurements from nature. Usually elements are made in the form of double paintings connected by a double lying fold or a single fold with a hook. Bending is done on one longitudinal edge of the workpiece for embedding in a furrow to a depth of 25 ... 30 mm. A dropper is bent at the other edge with its removal from the edge of the girdle by 50 ... 70 mm. Other sizes are determined locally.

The pictures of the belts are made of the same sheet steel. When bending, they use a mallet. If possible, the blanks are selected so wide that the sheet cut in the longitudinal direction does not have residues.

Belts, sandriks and window sills are carried out 50 ... 70 mm from the plane of the walls. Protrusions with a slope of less than 30% are covered with steel roofing. Belts, sandriks, window sills covered with roofing steel should have inclined bases with a smooth surface. This is necessary so that the coating patterns fit snugly to the base.

Steel paintings are laid on belts and sandriks on T-shaped crutches. Crutches are fixed with ruffs, which are covered with a cement-sand mortar. The paintings are lapped to 100 mm. The upper edges of the paintings are attached to wooden corks (from dry wood) in the furrows or dowels to concrete bases. Depending on the length of the girdle, sandric or window sill along a slope exceeding 30%, grooved tape or flat tape tiles are used to cover them, which is laid on the solution.

In the windowsill, picture I (Fig. 144) made of roofing steel or a tiled row is led to the lower part of window box 5 and simultaneously to both slopes of the window opening in which grooves are made. The picture is fixed on two or three crutches 4 installed in the drainage slope of the window opening. The upper edge of the picture is attached to the box frame with nails.

Fig. 144. Covering the windowsill (a, b):
  1 - a picture of sheet steel, 2 - lightweight concrete, 3 - a nail, 4 - a T-shaped crutch, 5 - a window box, 6 - a window sill

Drainpipe. The drainpipe consists of a water intake funnel, straight links, elbows and a mark. The knees serve to bypass the protrusions on the wall, the mark - to divert water from the walls of the building. The number of drainpipes on the building and their diameter depends on the area and climatic conditions. When calculating the cross section of the pipe, proceed from the condition under which 1 cm 2 of its cross section provides water drainage from an area of \u200b\u200b0.75 ... 1 m 2. The distance between the drainpipes is 12 ... 14 m and in some cases up to 18 m.

Direct links of drainpipes are made of standard steel sheets, which are cut into the same number of transverse or longitudinal strips. With a cross section of a standard sheet, links of 710 mm length are obtained, with a longitudinal section of 1420 mm. From a sheet cut across into four, three and two equal parts, respectively, blanks for links for pipes with a diameter of 100, 140 and 180 mm (with cuts) are obtained. Two blanks for links with a diameter of 100 mm are obtained from a sheet cut into two equal parts in the longitudinal direction. A link with a diameter of 216 mm and a length of 1420 mm is rolled up from a whole sheet.

Gutters are made up of single or double links. For direct links of pipes, funnels and elbows, steel with a thickness of 0.63 or 0.7 mm is used, for marks - 0.8 mm. In order for the links to fit well one into the other when assembling the pipe, the workpieces are given a slight taper. This is achieved by the fact that one side in each workpiece is narrowed by 5 ... 6 mm.

The blanks of the link with bent edges for the folded connection are manually rolled up on a mandrel bar, a steel pipe or rolled out on a roll.

At the ends of the straight links of the pipes, as well as on the cups of the funnels and in the upper part of the mark, rollers are rolled out on the zig-machine, which are stiffness zebras and at the same time limiters of the depth of one link into another. The rollers should extend 8 mm above the surface of the link.

To prepare the tray of the water intake funnel, vertical lines are drawn on the sheet at a distance of 200 mm from one another (Fig. 145, a). On the right line, the segments in, and, respectively, equal to the width of the drain part of the tray (Fig. 145, b) and the height of the rim of the funnel are laid. Similarly, on the left vertical line, segments (a +120 mm) are laid out in equal shares from the axis.

Fig. 145. Tray preparation:
   blank, b - finished tray (view from the drain side)

Having built the angles a equal to the angle of inclination of the gutter, and setting aside the segments h (the height of the gutter), spend inclined to the ends of the segments b and get the contour of the workpiece tray. The tail portion of tray A is for attaching the tray to the crate. Then leave allowances for the edges and side lapels. The right edge is bent under the tray, and the side lapels are formed from the inclined ones. In conclusion, the sides of the tray are bent at right angles.

The transition elbow is the connecting link between the funnel and the riser of the drainpipe. The elbow is made corrugated, bent on the press from the direct link of the pipe, and smooth, made of individual links.

The mark in its simplest form is made from a smooth knee, obliquely trimming one of its ends. A blank of a mark from one sheet is obtained as follows. A life-size mark is drawn - front and side views (Fig. 146, a, b). From point A with a radius AB equal to L, an arc is drawn until it intersects at point B "with the continuation of the generatrix of the link SA. At the bottom of the point lying on the axis of the mark with a radius D / 2, draw a circle and mark points A", F "on it and E ".

Fig. 146. Procurement of the mark:
  a, b - view of the mark front and side, c - blank mark

Then from point B "to the right draw a horizontal auxiliary line and point F is demolished on it, denoting it F.

From point F with a radius equal to the height of the opening B of the mark, a notch is made on the continuation of the generatrix of the link at point E and connected by a line FE. Figure B "SCEF is a straightened side view of the mark. On the circumference, the arc F" E "is divided into four equal parts and from the points of division G, 2", 3 "and E" draw auxiliary lines until they intersect with the line FE; intersection points mark 1, 2 and 3.

To draw the blank of the mark (Fig. 146, c), draw a vertical line and lower the perpendiculars SK "and FK from points C and F. Parallel to them, from points 1, 2, 3, E draw auxiliary lines intersecting the lines K", K . Further, from the point K on both sides, the segments KL and KM equal to 3.14 D / 4 and the segments KN and KO equal to 3.14 D / 2 are laid. The KL and KM segments are divided into four equal parts and perpendiculars are restored from the division points until they intersect with the horizontal auxiliary ones. Intersection points indicate 1 ", 2" 3 ", E". The LE "curve drawn through them is a curved cut line.

So heed, friends! I will tell you
Five indisputable and accurate signs,
By which you understand - if only you find -
Who caught you - Snark or not.

Lewis Carroll "Snark Hunt"

Sandrick. Image: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/49890/

Once you find out about their existence, you are already walking around and, as if wound up, are looking with your eyes, on which wall the sandrik has lurked and whether they are good-looking. And recently we went hunting for sandriks to show them here. In our beautiful city, we didn’t have to strain very much: in these forests, sandriks abound.

Sandrick common (Sandricus vulgaris) - it’s just a cornice or just a pediment without any frills: rectangular, triangular, arched (rounded). In an amazing way, such sandriks already transform the facade, make it textured.

And there are sandrics simple-looking (Sandricus elegans var. simplisticus), also minimalistic, but at the same time highly artistic. For such sandriks, the form is very simple, but already carefully thought out, sometimes it is revived by a modest, but expressive decor. Sometimes, especially in combination with a good color scheme, such sandriks look just awesome. In the sun, they cast strict shadows, giving even more depth and volume to the facade.

Pay attention to the cutest sandrick over this little window.

Very common in our area (and certainly the most catchy) are representatives of the type of sandrick decorated (Sandrucus ornatus) and his subspecies sandrick lavishly decorated (Sandrucus megaornatus) As you might guess, such sandrikas are equipped with a pronounced, often lush decor that makes an impression. There are leaves with flowers, berries, heads of cherubs and some Greek ladies, growling lions and juicy ornaments. A real expanse for fans to look at.

Particularly noteworthy are the sandriks above the blind windows and the sandriks above the double-built openings - no, no, and there are such specimens.

We believe our short hunt was a success, and wish you the same!

Sandrick is a decorative architectural element that represents a small neat cornice, often with a pediment. The element is installed over a niche, door or window, less commonly used in the interior. Sandrick is complemented by two vertical consoles that support the structure.

Features and part setup

Sandric used to be used to protect windows and doors from rain. Then the design was transformed into a more complex architectural composition, the design was supplemented by the pediment, where various stucco molding and figured elements were often placed.

Today, sandrick has a more decorative function. However, the protective properties also remained. So the element will protect the upper part of the facade from leaks and excessive moisture, strong wind and burnout in the sun. But for reliable performance of the protective function, sandric must be covered with waterproofing materials.

Sandric installation is light and quick. The product is fixed using special brackets on the sides of the door trim, windows or openings. Installation of elements may be accompanied by the installation of a drain or a visor. This will enhance the protective function, and the drain will divert precipitation from the facade and foundation of the structure.

Item Feature

Sandrick is made straight in the form of a classical cornice, onion in the form of a segment or half a circle and triangular. It emphasizes the individual style of the house, makes the design of the building original and luxurious. Sandrick can also be made of wood, which is ideal for decorating a log house.

As a rule, sandrick is installed on the windows along with the platbands. In addition, the element is mounted above a door, a ledge or a niche. Sometimes a luxurious detail can be found in the interior of the house. In this case, it is often installed above the arch or doorway. Such a frame looks stylish, spectacular and luxurious.

Sandrick fits perfectly into the classical style, Baroque, Empire and Art Nouveau styles. Depending on the design, it can give the appearance of solemnity and rigor, and maybe softness, romance. What style and design to choose for a wooden house, see.

Wooden sandriks

Elements are made of various materials, including modern polyurethane, wood and wood composite. Wooden decor is suitable for a log or timber house. Carved decorative details will become a real decoration of the building and a luxurious frame for a door made of valuable wood.

The design and appearance of the products are thought out even at the stage of designing the facades or interior of the house. When choosing a wooden decor, it is important that the elements are treated with protective agents, coated with varnish or paint. This will protect the natural material from the negative effects of moisture, ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.

Due to the protective treatment, the wood does not decay, does not crack or blacken, and does not become moldy. Products will retain physical properties and strength, the original color and aesthetic appearance for a long time. It is important to carefully consider that the elements organically fit into the interior and exterior of the building.

Wooden house project

When creating a project, it is important to consider not only the design, but also the appearance of the future structure, various factors of the influence of the soil, fire safety and planning requirements, and further construction of communication networks.

An experienced Marisrub architect necessarily takes every factor into account. He will competently calculate and develop a personal project with any design and layout. In addition, you can choose a ready-made option, and the specialist will make the necessary changes.

We build wooden houses according to a standard and finished project. We use timber and logs made in our own production. This allows you to control the quality of products and offer reliable lumber at a low price. We carry out a full range of works in the field of wooden housing construction and decoration.

Reliably and quickly assemble the blockhouse with the installation of the foundation and roof. We carry out, sheathe the facade and finish the interior, help in the selection and design. We carry out and connect engineering networks, insulate the house and make waterproofing, install sandrick, platband and other decorative elements. We guarantee the quality of work and construction on time!

Elements protruding from the plane of the load-bearing walls, as well as aesthetic elements on the facades of structures, are covered with special steel or tile, which helps to protect these elements from the effects of precipitation and to prevent excessive wetting of the load-bearing walls. If the slope angle of the protruding elements is not less than 50%, then use shingles, and if less then special steel.

Components of protective coatings are produced in equipped workshops using workbenches based on detailed maps and drawings, all measurements are made from nature. It is customary to make components in this way - double paintings, joined together by a double lying fold or single with a hook. One of the longitudinal edges is bent, which is designed to be fixed in the furrow (2.5 - 3 cm.), On the second edge, the dropper is bent at a distance of 5 - 7 cm from the edge of the girdle. All other sizes are measured directly on the spot.

Pictures of belts are made on the basis of steel sheets. Bending of sheets is carried out with a mallet. If possible, then the width of the workpiece sheet is made so that with a longitudinal section there are no unnecessary parts.

Installation of window sills, sandrik and belts is carried out with removal from the plane of the bearing wall by 5-7 cm. Protruding elements with a slope angle of not more than 30% are closed with special (roofing) steel. For tight mounting of paintings, it is necessary that the base has a smooth surface.

Pictures made of steel are fixed on sandriki and belts using T-shaped crutches, which are fixed with ruffs, and the latter, in turn, are repaired using a solution based on sand and cement. The paintings themselves during installation are connected to a 10 cm overlap. The upper edge of the painting is fixed to the base with wooden corks or dowels. To cover PSPS along a slope of more than 30%, depending on the length, a tile (groove, flat, tape) is used, fixed with a solution.

Get up! Go on! The horn is calling ... Mayakovsky’s poems are not often read now. Not like before. I recall how the best student of our class recited an instructive poem about a hopeless loafer and a blockhead Vlas:   Without tea and without kalacha comes out, barely dragging. He walked and stood with a difference: a sign on the store. A letter for that is! Read the sign!

The ethical theme of labor and idleness practically did not evoke a lively response in our youngest ranks, but the plot had its own zest, which puzzled the audience.

Honestly, I now think that poor Vlas in this case was one hundred percent right. Why is a sign needed, if not to stare at it? And, in general, consider the environment is useful. I guarantee, if you stare at the facade of an old building like a real onlooker, then the most curious sight will appear.

What is the name of this thing?

What can you see there? And then take a long look? Yes, a lot of interesting things: columns, male and female heads, figures of caryatids and angels, faces of lions, faces of ancient heroes, five-pointed stars, vases, stucco garlands, sockets ...

But today we will not talk about these little things from the arsenal of facade decoration. After all, there is something else interesting on it. Our objects are always in sight, but, in a strange way, they are usually not noticed.

Facades of houses can speak

Here, for example, sandrick. Well, how many people, having heard this word, widened their eyes in surprise? Ah, and you do not know what he is? Well, we will fix it in an instant! Keep in mind that buildings speak differently to different audiences.

The better prepared a person is, the more pleasant discoveries promise him the contemplation of a random building or an outstanding architectural monument. The “seen” eyes of a specialist see more and can fully read all the messages of architecture, which is largely inaccessible to the mass audience. But learning is never too late ...

What is the architecture of belts, sandriki and breaks

What is a cornice, is known to each of us. It, as an element separating the plane of the roof from the vertical plane of the wall and protruding forward, was invented by the ancient Greeks.

Originally intended to take on the blows of natural forces - wind, oblique rain streams and direct sunlight, it eventually became the decoration of the facade. Moreover, all modern facade decor has its roots in the Ancient World - the true cradle of European culture.

Let's walk through the merchant Saratov. Glance, running through the facades, rushes to the sky. Pay attention to the cornice - the final or crowning element common to all buildings. See how different it can be?

Its most important part is the plate that protrudes forward, supporting widening under it, and below it there is a horizontal strip of the wall, called a frieze, on which various kinds of decorations can be placed.

The cornice is a large and complex structure element. It is divided into a number of horizontal forms, the vertical section of which - that is, the profile - can be either rectilinear, or rounded, or even difficult to curvilinear. Nonetheless, in architectural terms, any of these dissimilar profiles with equal rights has the strange name of “bummer”.

Well, the Renaissance era got its name because it revived interest in antiquity. And this was natural, because Italian architects constantly had magnificent ancient samples before their eyes - sometimes only fragments of buildings, sometimes intact and pretty well preserved, despite centuries of attempts to barbarously disassemble them into original building materials.

The cornice, invented by ancient architects, during the Renaissance received a new interpretation and began to have several varieties, each with its own special name:

• That ledge that completes the upper part of the walls, supports the overhang of the roof and corresponds with the whole building, visually completing its silhouette, this is the crowning cornice.
• A decorative strip-cornice between the floors, which protrudes from the plane of the wall, as if emphasizes its horizontal division into component parts, in terms of architecture is called the girdle. The laying of the belts can be incredibly varied, with a simple and complex pattern.
• And finally, sandrick - a narrow cornice, a kind of small shelf above a window or doorway. Its funny name is based on the meaning of "board" or "flooring", originating from the Latin language.

Would you like to gnaw a cracker?

The Renaissance era gave rise to an endless variety of shapes and details that enliven the walls, it gave a second life to antique patterns that adorned even the ancient temples. Now their drawing arose again both on the facades of buildings being erected, and on the pages of works on architecture. By the way, the brick, which is still used in construction, was invented by the Romans.

Here on the roller under the eaves alternate egg-shaped with the likeness of leaflets. These are ionics, a very ancient ornamental motif, so two more millennia earlier Roman architects loved to decorate their monumental structures.

Sometimes small balls, oblong cylinders, roundness in the form of lentil grains go alternating along the bottom of the ionic. Ornaments of this kind are called beads, and if they consist only of round ones, then they are called peas.

And for your beauty there are crackers! Also a legacy of ancient architecture.

Unlike well-known bakery products, they are not edible in architecture: crackers are a series of rectangular ledges facing the bottom of the cornice, and the elements of the same name with delicious multi-layer pastries - tongues - are inverted step pyramids.

Along with molded figured supports, brick tongue brackets running in a rhythmic rhythm, they are decorated with cornices.

Here, on the facade, one more element of the building’s decorative decoration is visible - a deaf arcature belt. Similar arcuate-columnar belts were widely used in ancient Russian architecture in the design of walls.

The appearance of each old house shows a desire for individuality, it seems that this was a matter of prestige for each homeowner. Here, the crowning cornice is formed by a wide belt with rows of crackers, tongues and arched motifs.

Although the inter-floor belts are also typed in rows of crackers and tongues, but more often they are represented by other ornamental patterns.

Receptions of ornamental brickwork

Probably, now you can’t find a person who does not know what the drawing of “Vitruvian man” looks like. The famous image of Leonardo da Vinci with a man spread out in a circle and square is named after Vitruvius, the father of architectural theory, who lived during the time of Julius Caesar and Augustus.

And this Mark Vitruvius Pollion in his treatise noted: “In Egypt, you need to build buildings of one kind, in Spain, you need houses of a different kind. Since some countries are located directly under the sun, the lands of the latter lie far from its path, while still others are in the middle between them. ” The Roman had in mind that all the elements of architecture used in the design of the facade are designed for the perception of the building in the daytime. After all, then there was no evening illumination!

The palette of artistic possibilities of the architect includes the ability to create patterns when laying brick walls. Old Russian masters were able to find those forms that look great in the conditions of our natural lighting - both in bright skies and in the diffused light of a cloudy sky.

The belt, the ornament of which is made up of bricks forming zigzags, is called a runner. This is what this ancient decorative element of Russian architecture looks like.

Doesn’t it, such a masonry creates the effect of movement? That's why she is a runner. The pattern began to be used in Russian architecture from the middle of the XIV century.

Incredibly beautiful on the old houses of Saratov are the belts, where a row of bricks is laid “herringbone” to the wall surface, which is why their corners protrude outward in the manner of saw teeth. This type of brickwork - by the way, it is as old - is called the curb.

These patterns were widely used in construction both individually and in various combinations. Sometimes the belts of such ornamental masonry were supplemented by decorative arches.

An expressive ribbon of a horizontal pattern of hanging stepped teeth is created by the so-called gusset belt. On the house, brick patterned calculations are drawn from the "town".

About Sandric's Story

Praising something directly in Russia is not accepted. Including real objects of human culture. But if something arouses respect and sympathy for them, it is involvement with the great or a respectable age. As for Sandrik, the search for its historical roots has already forced us to descend into the mossy depths of centuries to the temples of the gods in the acropolis of ancient Greek cities, where this object, a kind of stepping stone on the wall, regularly and imperceptibly served its intended purpose.

But he also bears the sign of selectness, as he was happy with the attention of two geniuses of architecture. At first it was the brilliant self-taught architect Philippe Brunelleschi, six centuries ago famous for the erection of the stone dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. He was the first to stop blindly following the principles of antiquity in the design of details. After his creative projects, sandriks began to be used to decorate facades, and they became more and more intricate.

And a hundred years later it became the great Michelangelo, thanks to which rust, columns, pilasters, platbands, sandrikas over windows and other decorative elements of late Renaissance architecture were borrowed as role models and in this way dispersed along the facades of public buildings, palaces and mansions of various European countries.

What Sandrics May Look Like

An element of the most diverse forms:

• Starting with the appearance of an ingenuous straight shelf,
• Have a classic look of a cornice with a triangular or arched pediment,
• However, he is not forbidden to have a pediment of arbitrary composition,
• In the field of which there may be nothing or decorative content,
• Sandrick can also be decorated in the center with a castle stone,
• Or be torn in the middle
• And on the sides lean on two brackets.

Or have it all in different combinations. By the way, in all metamorphoses, sandric in most cases does not lose its utilitarian-protective function.

Look at Sandri's photo

Needless to say, the appearance of the building has a great influence on the person, especially when choosing a place of residence. But, even if you just rush about your business, you involuntarily cast glances at the houses you pass by.

The Roman citizen already mentioned above once wrote:   Beauty in architecture is achieved by a pleasant and elegant appearance of the structure and by the fact that the ratios of its members comply with the due rules of proportionality.

I do not have the knowledge of a professional urban planner, so I will not talk about any harmoniously consistent proportions, since I have no idea about them. Because of what - here I am guilty bowing my head - I could well have missed any interesting specimens of Saratov sandriks decorating both architectural monuments and simply old houses of the city.

As for the “pleasant and elegant”, then do not blame me. I tried to select the very, most of the huge volume of photographs, but everything is very subjective.

Sometimes it’s so hard to see the details - the facades of houses from the side of the street are obscured by old trees growing along the sidewalks.

Model Simplicity Zone

The recommendations concerned the street facades of houses, which should have been kept in the canons of classical architecture, but did not contain instructions and prohibitions regarding the side walls, the facade view from the courtyard and the interior layout.

In the Saratov province, public and residential buildings have now begun to be erected according to specially designed projects for our city. No, of course, the owner was entitled to offer his own version of the house, but the authorities were extremely reluctant to approve such liberties in architecture.

But in the proposed editions of the buildings it was not forbidden to use any of the methods of decorative masonry during construction, for example, the same curbs, runners, girdle belts, so that light and shadows played effectively on the facade.

By the way, the word "classic" comes from the Latin classicus in the meaning of "first-class", "exemplary". And the design houses were characterized by all the basic features inherent in the classical style:

• Clear geometric shape,
• Smooth walls of light colors, the presence of an order, restrained decor,
• Rectangular or semicircular windows.

If you walk along the streets with a similar typical building of the first half of the 19th century - for example, along Moskovskaya, Chelyuskintsev or Michurina, you can feel the flavor and spirit of old Saratov.

If the windows on the house are often compared with the eyes, then the sandriks on the facade can be safely likened to eyebrows on the face. On the walls, devoid of special finishes, above rectangular and semicircular eye-windows, you can see such straight and arched eyebrows. The cornices above the windows are the simplest, but even such sandriks transform the facade, making it textured.

Already with some frills

The originality of the building is largely determined by the shape and size of the window openings, as well as the nature of their decorative design. Typically, windows are framed on the sides and top with platbands, which can be the most intricate outlines. Sandriks are placed either directly above the clypeus, or separated from it at a certain distance. Although there is nothing stopping you from putting sandrick over the window, even when it does without a platband at all.

Most often there are cornices in the form of a rectangular structure, triangular - with a pediment of the same shape, onions - with pediments of an arched shape. Onion because they resemble a bow with a bowstring. Laconic and simple forms are often without any decorative content.

Sometimes cornices of different shapes go alternating: for example, on-rails with triangular, or, for example, as here - with straight lines with pediments and a triangular sandric.

Sometimes sandriks are covered with roofing iron, its openwork edge is similar to cilia.

See how here every brick of Sandrick is hung and fitted in its place!

Direct sandriks, faithful companions of the windows of houses in the classical style, are sometimes not quite straight: here the ledge is stepped, this one is broken, the one with an external sharpening in the middle of the arc looks like an inverted and slightly deformed keel of the ship.

Guess how many owners of this old house, where the eaves are "horse"? However, about wooden sandriks a little lower.

Bent ears, consoles and friezes

Between the platband and the cornice may be a frieze - a strip of decorative composition.

Sometimes platbands on the sides have symmetrically located protrusions. These are the so-called ears, they are rectangular and curly.

The window acquired the usual shape of a vertical rectangle in the heyday of the Renaissance, then it got a sandric, was decorated with a frieze and began to be supported on the sides by consoles, which were mounted on pilasters, half-columns or took their place directly on the wall.

On the historical building of the pharmacy, curly supports for cornices have the shape of a spiral curl.

World currency

There is no grammatical error. And it will not be about rubles, dollars or euros. And not even about the phenomenon of the 21st century - bitcoins. It's time to learn another of the secret codes of architecture. Voluta - the so-called architectural element in the form of a curl. Here is such an ornamental detail framed by a window.

Attic with volutes. Pay attention to the sandric, decorated on the inner perimeter with small crackers.

Here the currencies are used in the design of the sandric.

What else are sandriks with volute?

You can specify several variations of this characteristic architectural detail:

• Smooth curl
• Volume,
• Sculpturally designed round of volute;
• Between the curls there may be - acroteria - the central decorative element, it can appear in the form of interwoven rings, rosettes, wickers, palmettes, etc.

On this sandrike - greetings from Venice! - A spectacular decoration in the form of a stylized scallop shell.

Slowly savor the details

One of the characteristic features of the columns of the ionic order is the spiraling curls on the capitals. Vitruvius compared their beauty with curls in a female hairstyle. See how the use of half columns and a direct sandric can give the window a solemn ceremonial look. Classicism style!

A sandrick with a triangular pediment that rests on half columns looks very noble when designing a window opening.

I like to roam the green streets of old Saratov, where everything is accessible to the eye and sweetheart. And each time you see something new, something that was missed earlier. For example, you suddenly see what kind of decor is located in the plane of the pediments, cartouches, garlands or mascarons. And how ineffably pleasant it is to make such small discoveries ...

How can one not recall Michelangelo, in whose work experts find the origins of Baroque architecture! It was with the light hand of the great master that the so-called "torn" sandriks appeared on the columns and pilasters of buildings.

Castle stones in bulk

The builders of ancient Rome knew many secrets. Among other things, they were able to erect strong vaulted and arched structures overlapping large spans. When laying the arches, the last stone was laid of a special shape, which was supposed to jam the arch. This trailing stone in terms of architecture has received the name "castle".

The presence of such a castle stone can be found in the window opening.

Sometimes a wedge-shaped or pyramidal element adorns a rectangular or arched sandric in the center. And then he comes forward from the plane of the cornice. The castle stone can be smooth or stand out with ornamental processing.

In the middle of the castle stone there is an insert for a polished diamond.

The castle stone is decorated with a cartouche - a scroll with torn edges.

A variation of the castle stone is the so-called “fan castle”, consisting of a large central stone and two smaller ones on the sides, located like a fan.

It is believed that the addition in the form of castle stones is most characteristic of classicism, but is also found in baroque. Needless to say, stucco molding always gives the building a personality.

Mascaron on a castle stone.

Blind, double and triple

The photograph shows one of the well-preserved stone buildings of the Provincial Brothers' warehouses. About them and their famous mansion near Lipok is described here. Mighty, with rectangular niches in the wall, imitating a window opening, who would believe that it was built in 1879. Just don’t think that it used to be real windows, which for some reason were bricked. No, that was the architect’s initial idea.

Not only blind windows were artistically decorated. Look, this is the openwork pipe on their roof. No wonder the warehouses are an architectural monument!

Inside the warehouses now there is desolation, disorder, traces of a serious fire. But there is an idea to save forgotten buildings from destruction and give them a new life, turning into a center of modern art. Over time, exhibition halls, workshops, cinemas, cafes will appear here ...

Not only false windows are rare curiosities. In the sea of \u200b\u200bordinary windows, no, no, and even more complex options for openings in the wall for light come across. This is how the sandriks look above the double window openings.

Decoration above a triple window.

Onion sandriks connecting in a continuous undulating belt form an expressive decor.

Here are such instances. But it is very unfortunate that on our tour we had to not only meet with the architectural delights of Saratov, but also personally see how they are destroyed without a genuine mastery of the eye.

And further. Unfortunately, there are almost no window frames in their original form on the buildings. Well, maybe in isolated cases. And how good was their original look!

A tree is known to age. A lot has been written about this and about how long it has served. Yes, there was a massive replacement of windows with plastic double-glazed windows, which sometimes radically changed and simplified their appearance.

That you can’t turn your eyes away

In Latin, arcus means arc. Arches are beautiful. They contain natural grace, as if in a curved back. The horizontal sandrik above the wall plane is limited by a decorative arched shape. It is called the archivolt, and the moon-shaped segment of the wall is the lunette.

The breathtaking splendor of Sandric.

In the case of rich design, the window turns into a whole set of lush platbands, elegant window sills, pilasters or columns, an antique entablature lying on them, over which a pediment or arc sandric is elevated.

Window of the Saratov temple in honor of the Protection of the Holy Virgin.

There are a huge number of decorative elements that can turn an ordinary house into a real palace. For example, masonry red brick, kokoshniki, patterns and embossed cornices. This is another architectural monument of Saratov - the apartment building of the merchant Gorin.

And what a roof he has! Scaly roof, peaked tents with spiers ...

Wooden sandriki of Saratov

If anything was enough in Russia, it was forest wealth. From wood - a common and cheap material - houses, furniture, cradles for babies, even cups and spoons were made. A curious touch: on the eve of World War I, 52% of all buildings in Moscow were wooden. What can I say about Saratov!

For a long time - until the end of the XIX century - wooden buildings dominated the city. Then only temples, administrative buildings, shopping arcades were built from stone, and occasionally the mansions of the rich. But soon the brick squeezed the tree, and, thanks to its strength and the ability to build from it structures of the most arbitrary configuration, became the main building material.

Nevertheless, in our time, however, just a little away from the main streets and closer to the periphery, wooden houses stand as if nothing had happened. Of course, a different level of preservation and a different degree of artistry. And such sandriks with cut carvings please the eye in Saratov, among other wonders of wooden decor.

A few more pages of the wooden chronicle of the merchant city.

You notice what is common in the design of stone and wooden city houses? In both cases, volute themes are used, a direct profiled sandrick, curly brackets. Experts explain this by the fact that many architectural techniques of urban architecture were perceived by skilled carvers and embodied in residential wooden buildings.

Look for them with your eyes, friends!

Victor Hugo called architecture a stone book. Like a book, the words on the page of which consist of letters, so works of architecture consist of separate primary elements. We learned a few of them today. I think that now no one will have any questions about what this is in architecture - cornices, breaks, crackers, belts, sandrikas, volutes ... I hope now you and me will say: “How could you walk around the city before and not notice them? ”