Rivets are a fastening system that is used to connect two or more parts. They are inserted into pre-made holes in the blanks, arranged in one line. The fastener is a round rod, which, as a result of deformation, tightly covers the walls of the holes and is held in them due to the friction force.

The main properties of rivets

Rivet gives a more reliable connection than a screw or screw. At the same time, it takes up a minimum of space without protruding from the workpiece with a large head, which happens with bolts. The main advantage of such fasteners is its low cost and high installation speed. Rivets are used when blanks are not planned to be disconnected. Having planted a rivet, it is already impossible to dismantle the connection without drilling.

An important advantage of using rivets is their resistance to vibration. If, for example, the threaded connection with constant shaking can loosen, since the screws, nuts or bolts are loosened, then the rivet has no such drawback. She planted tightly and did not go out. In that case, if the connection has a large mechanical load on the gap or shear, the riveting metal can only break, or damage the parts themselves, but it will not work out like that.

Rivets are a popular connecting element, so it is not surprising that they are offered in a rather extensive assortment. All existing designs can be divided into two groups - cold and hot riveting. Cold   are made of softer and more ductile metals, which are relatively easily deformed, taking the required shape. Rivet hot   type is made of solid steel, therefore, as a result of the pressure created, it practically does not change its shape without preliminary heating. It provides a more reliable connection, but may not always be used. This type is used in cases where heating does not damage the parts. In particular, such fasteners are used in shipbuilding and machine tool building.

Varieties of rivets

There are quite a few varieties of rivets. Each of them has its own advantages and is intended for use in certain cases. Fasteners differ among themselves not only in the way of installation, but also in the load that they can withstand.

In addition to the classification of rivets according to their installation temperature, they are also divided into three groups according to design features:

• Ordinary.
• Exhaust with a tail.
• Threaded.

Each variety is designed for a specific purpose, so it’s impossible to say that a group is better.

Ordinary

Ordinary appeared the very first. They are easy to recognize because they are mushroom shaped. Their metal rod is decorated with a wide hat. Such rivets are considered one of the most durable, but difficult to install. This type of fastener can only be used if it is necessary to connect two elements with the possibility of installing rivets through them. That is, a fungus should remain from one end of the joint, and the main fastener core should go out at least a few millimeters from the road.

In order to connect the two workpieces, it is necessary to rest a solid metal object in the riveting hat and, with soft strokes on its shaft, flatten the material to form a kind of existing head. Thus, a strong connection is provided not only by internal friction in the holes, but also by an external clamp, which is created between the factory and created hat.

Exhaust

Extraction rivets are used in cases where it is necessary to connect two metal sheets. They allow for reliable fixation of the workpieces, even when there is access to only one of their sides. To work with them, a special pneumatic or mechanical type gun is used. There are also nozzles on, which also allow you to work with such fasteners. The rivet itself is a long metal rod, at the end of which there is an aluminum sleeve of a tubular type. Another soft metal may also be used.

When the steel rod is pulled out, the sleeve is deformed, since there is a small hat on its end that prevents it from coming out. As a result of the created pressure, the sleeve fits snugly to the entire surface of the hole. In order to make a good connection, it is necessary to abut the end face of the rivet gun to the parts to be joined. This is the key to success. Directly, the steel tail itself, which is retracted by the gun, can break off because it has special notches to weaken the strength, or completely comes out of the sleeve.

The exhaust type of rivets is used most often, since it provides easy installation, and a gun for work is relatively cheap. An important advantage in favor of such fasteners is the fact that it can connect a thin and thick part, even if the height of the sleeve is less than the total thickness of the workpieces. Just inserting a rivet and starting to tighten the tail, you can create quite a sufficient deformation to achieve the high friction needed to fix the parts. Of course, the reliability of such a connection will not be as high as when using full-fledged through installation.

Threaded

A threaded rivet is the most expensive. The fastener itself is a hollow sleeve, inside of which a thread is cut. The sleeve is directly inserted into the prepared hole of the parts to be joined, after which the core is twisted inside. After that, he breaks out in the direction of the supporting surface with which it is twisted. In this case, the sleeve begins to wrinkle, as is the case with the exhaust. As soon as the required quality of the connection is achieved, the rod simply turns out.

Such sleeves are usually made of aluminum, but there are copper and brass. The main disadvantage of such fasteners is its high cost. Also, in order to achieve a high-quality connection, it is important to observe the direction of pulling the rod at 90 degrees. In this regard, the work is best done with a special gun, but it is quite possible to get by with a bolt and nut.

The main advantage of such rivets is minimal trauma. In the case of conventional rivets, there is always a risk of injury. When working with the exhaust type, the gun may slip and injure. Screw rivets provide a secure fit. Such fasteners are usually used in mechanical engineering, as well as in the manufacture of housings for household electrical equipment. It allows you to fix a thick rivet, the diameter of which is significantly higher than in a conventional blind.

How to choose the diameter and length of the rivet

In order for the connection to turn out to be reliable and outwardly attractive, it is important to choose the fastener parameters correctly:

• Diameter.
• Length.
• Material.

First of all, pay attention to the material. Aluminum rivets are used to connect parts on which rust is unacceptable. They are not only resistant to corrosion, but also have a very good indicator of strength. Brass fasteners are used to fix the grounding on the shields, as well as in others in areas where it is necessary to ensure the installation of conductive elements.

Stainless steel rivets are commonly used in equipment used in the food or chemical industries under severe pressure. This connection is not afraid of corrosion, and at the same time provides the maximum degree of fixation. Copper rivets are usually used for copper roofing. Using fasteners made of other materials for such purposes can lead to oxidation, which reduces the service life of the roof.

The next important indicator is the length of the fastener. If the rivet is chosen too short, the resulting connection will be unreliable. If you take an excessively long rod, then as a result of deformation, an inaccurate fungus will be obtained that will spoil the appearance of the products. In the event that an exhaust sleeve is used, this can lead to early tearing of the tail, which will create an unreliable connection. Ideally, a rivet is used, the length of which is 20% higher than the thickness of the elements connected tightly to each other. This allows you to get the perfect hat on the back, which will reliably hold parts together with the factory head.

Also important is the ratio of the thickness of the rivet to the diameter of the prepared hole. It should be only slightly smaller to allow easy entry of the rod. If the difference is too large, the resulting gap will not be filled tight enough, which will create minimal friction. As a result, such a connection will be unreliable, so it will break out even with a light load.

If you need to achieve a reliable connection, you need to use rivets of the largest possible diameter, as far as the material that connects allows. In the event that there is no such fastener at hand, you can do more thinner, but use several rivets located close to each other.

In the event that it is necessary to rivet materials that are not able to withstand the load that is created by deformation, you can go for a trick. To do this, on the back of the sleeve, which will be deformed, you need to wear a wide washer. As a result, the crushed tip will not be able to pass through it, so it will begin to squeeze it like a vise, attracting it to its fungus. This will create a completely reliable fixation without breaking through the soft material. This method fixes polycarbonate and plywood.

In Soviet times and in the first half of the 90s, riveting was performed using a bulky tool. In construction, as well as in domestic household conditions, the riveting process was extremely uncomfortable and took considerable time. Hammer rivets of this kind were used: those that were manually cracked by hammering or tapping, were riveted from the side on which there was no hat. At the same time, emphasis is necessary on the side of the rivet head, which significantly reduces the scope of this type of fastening. And of course, such a “shock” method can cause damage to the coating of fastened elements.

As a result, Western fastener technologies very quickly entered our everyday life and a tool such as hand riveters, ideally suited for a number of domestic and construction work, appeared.

Riveter

Riveter or riveter is a tool used for one-piece fastening and fixing of sheet metal elements with rivets.

To work with this tool do not need any skills. It is convenient and fairly easy to use.

When working with a riveter, access to two sides of fastened parts is not required. Just drill a hole in the right place, and then fix the rivet. Due to this, the riveting process is quite quick and easy.

Rivets

In construction, the most used are rivets. They are available (can be purchased at any hardware store and market), are easy to use and fully provide a reliable one-piece material connection.

Extraction rivets are distinguished by the size and type of material used to make the rivets.

Rivet material is an extremely important factor. The choice of rivets for the material directly depends on the type of material of the fastened parts and the environment in which the fastener will be located.

Rivet manufacturing materials may be as follows:

• Cink Steel.
• Aluminum. There is pure aluminum and its variants: anodized, varnished.
• Stainless steel. A2 - resistant to rust, A4 - resistant to corrosion and acidic environment (used in the chemical industry). Or imported analogues, for example, DIN 7337. Stainless steel is one of the most common and durable materials.
• Copper - Copper rivets are used to bond copper materials.
• Copper-nickel alloy (monel). Contains 70% nickel, 30% copper.

An exhaust rivet is a tube with a hat. Inside the structure there is a steel rod, one of the ends of which is slightly expanded. Riveter pulls the rod, so the tube expands gradually. When the force becomes maximum, the rod bites off.

In exhaust rivets, the process of deformation of the sleeve is carried out using a rod with a thickening at the end, pressed into the body of the mounting sleeve. In order to upset the rivet body, its end face is abutted on the supporting surface of the riveter, after alignment, the central rod is pulled by a few millimeters with force. As a result, the walls of the liner are deformed, forming a sufficiently strong one-piece connection. The shank of the rod most often breaks off or is cut off at the cutoff level of the sleeve.

Types of Riveters

Choosing the right model for such a tool can be difficult, because several varieties are on sale. All of them differ in their technical characteristics and cost.

Simple mechanical riveter

The cheapest and most common type of riveter. It is widely used in construction and domestic works.

Riveter

Suitable for industrial work and not popular for construction.

Two-handed riveter

It is considered a power raptor. It is rarely used in construction.

Swivel riveter

This type is the most convenient for construction work. The rotating head promotes accessibility for riveting in different places that are difficult to access for other types of riveters.

In addition to riveting parts with countersunk rivets, rivet joints with a semicircular head are widely used. For these rivets, the same types of seams are used as for blind rivets. The hole is countersunk to a depth of 1 mm from the sides where the mortgage and closing rivet heads should be located (Fig. 255). This is done so that the transition surface on the rivet rod under the head does not interfere with the snug fit of the rivet head to the riveted plane and that a locking head is better formed.

Rivets are selected taking into account the following requirements.

1. The diameter of the rivet shaft should have a free fit into the hole with a tolerance of 0.1-0.2 mm (depending on the diameter of the rivet).

2. The length of the rod for the formation of a semicircular head should be 1.25-1.5 of the diameter of the rivet rod. It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the riveted parts (see Fig. 255).

Total rivet shaft length l \u003d in + 1,5dwhere in is the total thickness of the riveted parts.

Example. Determine the length of the stud with a semi-twist head with a diameter of 5 mm, if the thickness of the riveted parts is 5 mm.

The length of the end of the rivet shaft for the formation of the locking head is taken equal to 1.5 diameter.

Determine the total length of the rivet rod:

l \u003d in + 1.5d \u003d 5+ 1.5x5 \u003d 12.5 mm.

Fig. 255. Scheme for determining the length of the rivet rod to form a round head:
1 - embedded head; 2 - locking head; 3 - stud rivet

If the length of the studs of the rivets is greater than the set, the rods are shortened by filing them with a file or, in rare cases, cutting off with a hacksaw. The rivet is inspected and checked to see if there are dents or cracks on it; also check the perpendicularity of the base of the rivet head with respect to the axis of the rod.

1. The rivet is inserted into the hole of the part and the embedded head is inserted into the support hole mounted on the correct plate.

2. To upset the riveted parts, the protruding rivet rod is inserted into the tension hole and is hit several times with a hammer on its impact part until the planes of the parts are in close contact with each other and the rivet head (Fig. 256, a).

3. Pre-rivet one rivet, upsetting it with several uniform blows of the hammer on the protruding end of the rod, as a result of which the rivet thickens (Fig. 256, b).

Fig. 256. Techniques for riveting with round head rivets:
a - sediment riveted sheets; b - the rivet of the rod; in - the formation of the closing head; g - finishing the closing voice

4. When riveting subsequent rivets in a certain sequence, repeat the techniques depicted in Fig. 256, a, b.

5. Then, by uniform hammer blows directed at an angle to the end part of the rod, a closing head is formed, giving it a preliminary shape (Fig. 256, c). Hammer blows should be applied only to certain places of the head so; so that it is concentrically located relative to the hole.

6. The end of the crimp with the hole is installed on the preformed closing head and the hammer is finished with uniform hammer blows on the shock part of the crimping until the closing head is formed to form a smooth spherical shape (Fig. 256, d).

When working with the crimp, it is necessary to ensure that its edges do not cut into the part and the contour of the rivet head. This technique is done over all rivets located on the part.

7. The quality of riveting is checked by the density of the rivets. To do this, the thumb of the left hand is placed on the rivet head, and then light blows are applied to the other head with a hammer. If the rivet is loose, there is a concussion and a rattling sound.

Rivet joints are performed using the direct riveting method discussed earlier (hammer blows are applied to the rivet from the side of the locking head) and the reverse method used when access to the locking head is difficult (blows are made from the rivet from the side of the embedded head). Usually these work together. The peculiarity of rivetting by the reverse method is as follows.

After pre-tensioning the sheets, the rivet is installed in the prepared hole. One of the workers keeps the flat support in contact with the end of the rivet rod, and the other strikes the crimp with a hammer, upsetting the end of the rivet (Fig. 257, a). After landing, the first worker holds the support with a semicircular recess at the end of the upset rod, and the second one strikes the crimp with a hammer until the closing head is formed (Fig. 257, b). It is necessary to strike the rivet in a coordinated manner, since upon impact the support bounces off the end of the rivet and the first worker must promptly put the support in place at the end of the rivet rod to strike again. Support is not squeezed in the hands, but only sent under the rivet head. The draft of the head rivet depends mainly on the mass of support, and not on the force of pressing it to the head, so the support should be massive.

Fig. 257. Reception of riveting by the reverse method:
a - draft rivet rod flat support; b - riveting on support

Rivet is one of the simplest types of fasteners to create one-piece joints. In the general case, this is a rod or tubular part that has a “embedded” head of a certain shape at one end. It is installed in the joint, as the name implies, by the riveting method (as well as shrinkage, rolling, broaching, explosion).

The shape of rivets can be divided into several main types:

• Rivets with a locking head (there are solid, hollow and semi-hollow)
• Rivets with a broach (also called tear-off or exhaust)
• Rivets are threaded (also called riveting nuts)

Locking rivets

Historically, rivets with a locking head were the first to be invented - therefore they are most widely used. Such rivets have a mortgage head on one side. The second head, called the locking head, is formed using a rolling or riveting tool: a riveting hammer, pliers.

According to the shape of the head, rivets with a locking head are divided into:

• Half countersunk rivets

Also, they are structurally distinguished by the presence of a hole inside the rivet:

• Solid rivets - no hole
• Hollow rivets - tubular - have a through hole
• Semi-hollow rivets - for flaring - have a blind hole

Rivet materials

Rivets with a locking head can be made of a variety of metals and alloys that lend themselves well to plastic deformation.

The following materials were most widely used:

• Steels - mainly high-boiling plastic steels are used 03kp, 05kp, 08kp, 10kp, 15kp, 20kp
• Stainless steels - austenitic steels 12X18H9, 08X18H10, 03X18H11, 12X18H10T
• Aluminum alloys - the most applicable alloys HELL, AD1aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg2, AMg5, AMg5P, AMg6alloys AMts, B94, B65also use duralumin alloys D1, D16, D16T, D18, D18P, D19P
• Brass alloys - mainly alloy L63
• Copper - Grades MT, M3

Material Rivet Marking

Rivets can be marked on the head - for later identification. Marking can be convex or concave (branding).

Determination of rivet length

Correct installation of the rivet involves the creation of a full shape of the locking head and the absence of any excess gaps and sagging. For proper installation of the rivet, it is necessary to determine the length of the rivet body, depending on the thickness of the riveted materials and the type of rivet.

"Reference designer-mechanical engineer" edited by Anuryev V.I. offers to use one universal formula for all forms of rivet heads. Common sense dictates that this approach is erroneous - therefore, we will use formulas from another source: “Fundamentals of Design” edited by Orlov PI, 1988.

Rivet design	Allowance "H" for rivets without clearance	Allowance "H" for rivets with clearance
	H \u003d 1,2d	H≈1.2d + 0.1S
	H \u003d 0.54d	H≈0.5d + 0.1S
	H \u003d 0.6d	H≈0.5d + 0.1S
	H \u003d 0.8d	H≈0.7d + 0.1S
	H \u003d d	H≈0.9d + 0.1S
	H \u003d 1,2d	H≈1.1d + 0.1S

By calculating the required allowance size using the formula, you can determine the rivet length L adding to the thickness of the riveted materials S   stock value H . Then you need to select the closest rivet length value from the standard range of lengths. For rivets, a standard series of lengths is approved, according to which they are produced (in mm):

• 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 55, 58, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180

Rivet length calculation example

For example, we need to rivet several sheets with a total thickness of 32 mm; we will rivet without a gap rivets with a semicircular head Ø6 mm (1st design in the table).

d \u003d 6 mm

S \u003d 32 mm

H \u003d 1.2d \u003d 1.2 x 6 \u003d 7.2 mm

Therefore, it is necessary to use a rivet with a shaft length

L \u003d S + H \u003d 32 + 7.2 \u003d 39.2 mm

Choose the closest length from the standard range - this is 40 mm.

As a result, we found out that for riveting a package of sheets 32 mm thick we need rivets of size Ø6x40 mm.

Broach rivets

Rivets with a broach are made hollow, with a head at one end, a movable expansion rod is inserted inside the rivet, which, when installed, is pulled through the rivet, expands it, forms a second locking head and pulls together the fastened sheets of material. After tightening, the rods break off or extend completely through the rivets.

Such rivets are often called tear-off or exhaust rivets - according to the installation technology. Broach rivets have recently become more and more popular. This happens for several reasons:

• technological simplicity of installation of rivets;
• it is enough to have access to the installation on only one side of the structure;
• no rivet support is needed on the back;
• low cost and compactness of the tool for installing rivets;
• high performance when installing rivets
• variety of rivets

Since the tear rivets are hollow, after installation inside the rivet there remains a hole in which you can lay the wires, install other fasteners - for example, screws. The diameter of the normal head of such rivets is approximately equal to the two diameters of the rivet D ≈ 2d . Along with the normal head, rivets can have an enlarged head with a diameter equal to three rivet diameters D ≈ 3d.

A special type of water- and gas-tight rivets with a broach is also available - blind or tight rivets, after installation of which the connection is tight.

The installation of rivets with a broach is carried out using a special tool - a gun for rivets - a rivet. Mechanical hand riveters and high-performance pneumatic and battery electric riveters are produced.

A schematic diagram of the installation of a rivet with a broach is shown in the video:

Drawn rivet materials

Based on the method of installing rivets with a broach, it seems logical that the rivet assembly consists of two materials, and the material of the rod should be stronger than the material of the rivet itself - otherwise the rod will open and compress the rivet before it collapses itself. In such rivets, either a pair of different materials or materials of the same type are used, but with different strengths. Here are the most common pairs of materials for rivets with a broach:

•   (in fact, the rivet is not made of aluminum, but of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMgwhich may have a different percentage of magnesium (Mg): 1%; 2.5%; 3.5%; 5% - respectively alloys AMg, AMg2, AMg3, AMg5- the higher the content of magnesium (Mg), the stronger the rivet) - indicate Al / st
•   (rivet made of aluminum-magnesium alloy AMg, and on the outside painted with powder paint in a certain color from the color layout Ral) - denote Al / St 0000 where 0000   - four-digit color number layout Ral
• Aluminum rivet + aluminum core   (the rivet and the core are made of aluminum-magnesium alloys AMg, but with different percentages of magnesium - the core is stronger) - indicate Al / al
• Aluminum rivet + stainless rod   - denote Al / A2
•   (both the rivet and the shaft are made of stainless steel, but of different grades, and the shaft is stronger) - indicate A2 / A2   or A4 / A4
•   - denote Cu / St
• Copper rivet + bronze rod   - denote Cu / Br
• Copper rivet + stainless rod   - denote Cu / A2
•   (rivet and rod made of steel, but of different grades and the rod is stronger) - indicate St / st

Determination of the length of the rivet with a broach

The length of the rivets with a broach can be determined using the following table, depending on the thickness of the materials to be fastened (the manufacturer does not recommend using rivets for riveting materials with a thickness of less than the lower recommended limit and above the upper limit).

Threaded rivets

Threaded rivets, although they were invented almost simultaneously with broach rivets, were widely used only recently.

A threaded rivet is a hybrid of a hollow rivet and a nut, therefore the second name of such rivets is riveting nuts. In fact, there is no unity in the name - they also call a rivet nut, a rivet with thread, a rivet nut. Such a mess with the names due to the lack of an ISO or DIN standard for this type of fastener. The design feature of riveting nuts determines their dual purpose: with their help it is possible to rivet sheet materials together, or just create threaded fastening points on thin-walled structural elements. The convenience of installing rivets is due to the lack of access from the back of the structure - the so-called "blind installation". During installation, the already treated surface of the part, for example, coated, painted, is not damaged.

According to the shape of the shoulder (head), riveting nuts are divided into:

• with a flat cylindrical shoulder (normal and reduced)
• countersunk (normal and reduced)

The rivets are divided into open rivets with a through hole, and blind rivets are closed on one side.

According to the shape of the outer surface, threaded rivets are divided into:

• smooth
• corrugated
• hexagon
• half hex

Installation, as in the case of rivets detachable (exhaust) is carried out using a specialized tool - tongs for riveting nuts - riveters. Mechanical hand riveters and high-performance pneumatic riveters are produced.

Materials for threaded rivets

Currently, European manufacturers make threaded rivets from the following materials:

• Aluminum Magnesium Alloys
• Galvanized steel
• Stainless steel

How to choose a threaded rivet length

The selection of the correct rivet length is carried out depending on the type of threaded rivet and the thickness of the sheet structure on which the rivet is installed. The length of the rivet with the same thread varies depending on the type of rivet. Many types of threaded rivets are of normal length and elongated. Choose the length of the rivet must be guided by

Tables with the sizes and parameters of rivets

I used to rivet anyhow as a primitive tool. But once I decided to make rivets “beautiful”. And besides according to GOST. What is there to do - as it should.

I turned to the standard also from economy: why invent something, if you can use the ready-made one.

Then he began to manufacture the tool.

Riveting tool

For hand riveting, in addition to a hammer, support, tension, crimping are needed.

Support   serves as a support for riveting the rivet rod. It has a hole in which the semicircular mortgage head of the rivet fits tightly.

Stretch   serves to upset the sheets to be riveted along the rivet shaft. A blind hole is made along the tension axis, into which the rivet shaft enters.

Swage   serves to form the closing semicircular head of the rivet joint. It is a steel rod, at the end of which a hole of the corresponding size is made.

Riveting Tool Making

I make support out of what I have to. He took, in particular, a steel block in the shape of a parallelepiped. It has both narrow and wide faces. He made holes of several standard sizes on all faces. For places of riveting are different. Including narrow, where you do not really crawl. So all kinds of support have to be done.

I drill holes in both supports and crimps. The size of the hole should closely match the standard size of the rivet head (see table above). To make holes, he made a special tool, separately for each rivet size.

Hole doing so. First I drill it with a conventional metal drill. Then I deepen the semicircular. And finally, I remove the last microns by grinding with a simple tool - polished. Well readiness is determined simply: is it good, i.e. completely, flush with the edges and without “play”, the head of a standard rivet enters into it.

Grinding is a steel rod of the same diameter as the hole, the working end of which has the same semicircular shape. I moisten the hole with water, pour a little grinding powder into it, put it into the drill chuck, polish it, turn on the drill and the grinding hole. And I don’t hold the rod polished all the time vertically; it should describe a cone, overturned by a vertex into a hole.

In the manufacture of polished, you can not particularly bother, giving a semicircular shape to its working part. It’s enough to begin to roughly outline such a form. And already in the course of work this part is polished and by itself will become smooth, shiny, ideal hemispherical shape. Apparently, this is the limiting, equilibrium shape for a type rod polished, which inevitably arises under mechanical action of this kind.

Another way to bring the hole to condition - using abrasive cones - did not justify itself. The abrasive from the cone quickly crumbles, the size of the cone quickly changes and ceases to correspond to the hole.

The third method is impact: you need to put a steel ball in the hole and hit it with a hammer. It is desirable that the diameters of the holes and the ball are equal. Of course, this method is simpler. But how effective it is, I can’t judge, I have not tried.

Since it is necessary to make not one, but several holes, here is another motive to follow the standard: all holes are the same, which is important for me.

Riveting process

The riveting process is generally not wise. In the joined sheets of material I drill a hole with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet rod.

If I plan to connect the parts not with one, but with two rivets or more, then I take into account the possibility of displacement of the parts relative to one another during riveting. Then I act in such a sequence. I make a hole at one end of the “bundle” of sheets to be joined and completely rivet it. Then I do the same thing at the other end of the "bundle", then in the gap, if necessary, according to the principle: hole - rivet, hole - rivet. With this procedure, I don’t have to drill holes.

I shorten the rivet shaft, leaving a free end 1.5 mm in diameter to form the locking head.