Движението се ръководи от генерал Шарл дьо Гол от щаба в Лондон (Френски национален комитет, до 1943 г.). Тя си постави за цел да възстанови независимостта на Франция от нацистките окупатори и колаборационистите от Виши, които им сътрудничиха. Присъединява се към антихитлеристката коалиция.

Движението разполага с оръжие и участва в редица операции през Втората световна война. Успехът на движението беше значително улеснен от подкрепата на съпротивителното движение във Франция.

Приблизително 300 000 бойци на Воюващата Франция участват в десанта на съюзниците в Нормандия през 1944 г. Същата година, на 24 август, де Гол се завръща в Париж триумфално и започва възстановяването на френската държава.

Нормандия-Ниман

Преименуване

На 2 юни 1944 г. комитетът се преименува на временно правителство на Френската република, оглавявано от генерал Шарл дьо Гол.

Фондация Уикимедия. 2010 г.

Вижте какво е "Свободна Франция" в други речници:

- („Свободна Франция“) официалното име (до юли 1942 г.) на движението, възникнало по време на Втората световна война 1939 45 г. по призива на генерал Шарл дьо Гол (виж Гол), чиято цел беше да се бори за освобождението на Франция от нацистките германци..... Велика съветска енциклопедия

- (La France libre) официален. името (до юли 1942 г.), възникнало по време на Втората световна война по призив на генерал. движението на Шарл дьо Гол, което има за цел да се бори за освобождението на Франция от нея. фаш. нашественици и техните поддръжници. През юли 1942 г. във връзка с... ...

- (Френска република), държава в Западна Европа, на запад и север се измива от Атлантическия океан (Бискайския залив и Ламанша), на юг от Средиземно море (Лионски залив и Лигурско море) . Площ 551 хил. km2. Население…… Съвременна енциклопедия

- (Франция) държава на Запад. Европа. ■ площ 551 601 км2. Нас. 52 300 хиляди души (към 1 януари 1974 г.). Над 90% от населението са французи. Столицата е Париж. По-голямата част от вярващите са католици. Според конституцията от 1958 г., освен метрополията, федерацията включва: ... ... Съветска историческа енциклопедия

- (Франция), Френска република (République Française), държава в Западна Европа, на запад и север се измива от водите на Атлантическия океан и Ламанша, на юг от Средиземно море. 551 хиляди км2. Население 58,4 милиона души (1996),... ... енциклопедичен речник

Франция- Шато д'Иф. Марсилия, Франция. ФРАНЦИЯ (Френска република), държава в Западна Европа, на запад и север се измива от Атлантическия океан (Бискайския залив и Ламанша), на юг от Средиземно море (Лионския и Лигурския залив... ... Илюстрован енциклопедичен речник

Франция- >) /> Юнско въстание 1848 г. Литография () Юнско въстание 1848 г. Литография () Франция () държава в Западна Европа. Площ 551 хиляди кв. км. Население 57,7 милиона души. Столица Париж. В древността територията на Франция е била населена от гали (),... ... Енциклопедичен речник на световната история

ФРАНЦИЯ- (Франция) Обща информация Официалното име е Френската република (на френски: La République Française, на английски: French Republic). Намира се в западната част на Европа. Площ 547 хил. км2, население 59,7 млн. души. (2002). държава..... Енциклопедия на страните по света

Тази статия трябва да бъде Wikified. Моля, форматирайте го според правилата за форматиране на статията. „Свободна мисъл“ е документална програма, която се провежда в рамките на Московския международен филмов фестивал (MIFF ... Wikipedia

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Книги

• Спаси Париж и умри, Сергей Зверев. На 18 август 1944 г. Свободна Франция повежда въстание срещу хитлеристката окупация, а няколко дни по-късно Париж е освободен, нацистките войски капитулират. Чарлз де...

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8 NBTFB S OBRYUBM YDEOH, YUFP LBL S UBN, FBL Y OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF RTYOSMY TEYOYE PV PFUFTBOEOY NEMESHE PF DPMTSOPUFY ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEEZP ZHTBOGKHULYN PN Y YUFP NSCH PFLMPOSEN CHUSLPE CHNEYBFEMSHUF CHP BOZMYKULPZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB RP LFPNH RPCHPDH. с RYUBM: „UCHPVPDOSH ZHTBOGKHYSCH UYFBAF, YuFP YI VPTSHVB ЪB PVEEE DEMP CH UPAYE U BOZMYUBOBNY RTEDRPMBZBEF, YuFP LOYN DPMTSOSCH PFOPUIFSHUS LBL L UPAOILBN, Y YuFP R PNPESH BOZMYY OE DPMTSOB UPRTPCHPTsDBFSHUS C HEWOSCHNY RTPCHETLBNYY PZTBOYUEOOYSNY YMY RTEDPUFBCHMSFSHUS ЗА KHUMPCHISI, OEUPCHNEUFYNSCHY YI UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYEN ..

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pFCHEF S RPMKHYUM OE UTBKH. oEUPNOOOOP, RTETSDE YUEN RTEDRTYOINBFSH DBMSHOEKYE DEKUFCHYS, BOZMYUBOE IPFEMY CHSTsDBFSH Y RPUNPFTEFSH, LBL TBCHETOHFUS UPVSHCHFYS ABOUT OBYEN ZHMPFE. oOP OH AB PDOPN UKHDOE, OH CH PDOPN LYRBCE, OH CH PDOPN ZHMPFULPN HYUTETSDEOOY OE VSHMP OILBLYI RTPSCHMEOYK OUEUPZMBUYS U OBYN TEYEOYEN. oBPVPTPPF, YЪ bFPZP YURSHCHFBOYS CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH ZHTBOGYY CHCHYMY EEE VPMEE URMPYUEOOOSCHNY CHPLTHZ DE ZPMMS. пей ЕЕЕ ВПМШЙЕ РТПОИЛМЮШ ТЕЙИНПУФШХА РТДПДМЦБФШ ВПТШВХ. mYYSH OEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH, UZTHRRYTPCHBCHYIUS CHPLTHZ BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, PTZBOYPCHBMY RPUFSHCHDOPE CHCHUFKHRMEOYE CH BDBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP YFBVB, LHDB SCH YMUS, YuFPVSH RETEZPCHPTYFSH U OINY MYUOP . rPUME bfpzp s rtylbbbm bdnytbmkh obipdjfshus h FEYUEOYE NEUSGB h FBLPN NEUFE, PFLKhDB po OE UNPZ VSCH RPDDETSYCHBFSH UCHSSH U ZHMPFPN. h UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEOYEN P ATYUDYILGYY PF 15 SOCHBTS S PVTBFYMUS L BOZMYKULPNH RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH U RTPUSHVPK PVEUREYUYFSH CHSHRPMOEOYE NPESP TEYEOYS, RPULPMSHLH POP RTYOSFP OB YFBOULPK FETTYFPTYY. ъBFEN CHCHYDH FPZP, YuFP UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE ЪBCHETEOYS CHUE EEE OE RPUFHRBMY, S PFRTBCHYMUS ЗА DBYUKH, VKHDHYU ZPFPCHSHCHN LP CHUENKH Y PCYDBS UBNPZP IKHYEZP. RMECHEOKH, DSHEFEMSHNH Y LHME S PUFBCHYM UCHPEZP TPDB UELTEFOPE RPMYUEULPE UBCHEEBOIE, RPTKHYYCH YN UPPVEYFSH ZHTBOGKHULPNKH OBTPDKH CHUE OEPVIPDYNPE, EUMY S VKHDHTS DEO RTELTBFYFSH OBYUBFKHA DESFEMSHOPU FSH Y OE UNPZH UBN DBFSH OHTSOSHI PVIASOOOYK. pDOPCHTENEOOOP С DPCH DP UCHEDEOYS UPAYOILPC, YuFP, L CHEMYUBKYENKH UCHPENH UPTSBMEOYA, S OE UNPZH RPDDETTSYCHBFSH PFOPYEOYK U OYNY, RPLB POI UBNY OE CHSHRPMOSF PVSBFEMSHUFCHB, ПОВЕЧЕ YNY ЗА EUVS CH UYMKH UP ZMBYEOYS NETSDH OBNY.

lFP VShchMP 23 NBTFB. lP NOE SCHYMUS U CHYYFPN RYL. НА CHTHYUMNOE OPFKH, ЪBSCHYCH, YuFP EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP OE OBUFBYCHBEF ЗА PUFBCHMEOYY NEMESHE CH DPMTSOPUFY ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEZP Y YuFP POP VHDEF UMEDYFSH, YuFPVSH FEYUEOY E NEUSGB BDNYTBM OE UNPZ PVEBFSH US U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI UYM. rTY LFPN BOZMYKULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP TELPNEODPCHBMP NOE RTPSCHYFSH RP PFOPYEOYA L OENKH VMBZPTSEMBFEMSHOPUFSH, KHYUFSHCHBS EZP BUMHZY. FEN CHTENEOEN RTYVSCCHYIK U fYIPZP PLEBOB pVHBOP RTYOSM LPNBODPCHBOYE CHPEOOP-NPTULINE ZHMPFPN. h NBE S RTYZMBUYM L UEVE BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, TSEMBS RTEDPUFBCHYFSH ENKH CHPTNPTSOPUFSH RTDDPMTsBFSH UMKHTSVKH YUFPVSH PVUKhDYFSH U OIN HUMPCHYS YOURELGYPOOPK RPELDLY, PTHA S TBUUUYFSHCHBM DPCHETYFSH ЕНХ. po OE SCHYMUS. oEULPMSHLYNY DOSNY RPTSE LFPF CHCHUYYK PZHYGET, NOPZP UDEMBCHYYK DMS OBEZP ZHMPFB, PZHYGYBMSHOP HCHEDPNYM NEOS P FPN, YuFP EZP UPFTKHDOYUEUFChP Единно предприятие "uchPVPDOPK ZHTBOGYEK" OP. ное ВСХМП ПУЕОШ ЗТХУФОП ЪБ ОЕЗП.

rPUME LFPZP DPUBDOPZP YOGYDEOFB OYuFP HCE OE NEYBMP OPTNBMSHOPK DESFEMSHOPUFY "mPODPULZP LPNYFEFB", LPFPTSCHK CHTBTSDEVOBS RTPRBZBODB (YUIPDYCHYBS OE FPMSHLP PF OBYI PE EOOSH RTPFYCHOYLPCH Y PF chYYY) FAMEBUSH R TEDUFBCHYFSH FP LBL ZTHRRLH BMYUSHI RPMYFYLBOPCH, FP LBL LHYULH ZHBIYUFULYI BCHBOFATYUFPCH, FP LBL UVTD YUUFHRMEOOOSCHI RTPRBZBODI UFHR H LPNNHOYUFYUUEULPN DHIE, OP DMS LPFPTPZP, S LFP FPTCEUFCHOOOP Y TEYYFEMSHOP ЪBSCHMSA, UBNSHCHN CHBTSOSCHN VSHMP VMBZP UFTBOSH Y ZPUKhDBTUFCHB. OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF UPVYTBMUS OE TCE PDOPZP TBBB CH OEDEMA, CH FPTSEUFCHEOOPK PVUFBOPCHLE, CH VPMSHYPK LPNOBFE LBTMFPO-ZBTDEOUB, LPFPTHA OBSCHCHBMY "ЪBMPN YUBUB" NY." UPZMBUOP RPTSDLH DOS, NSCH BUMHYYCHBMY UPPVEEOYS LBTSDPZP LPNYUUBTB P DEMBY CH EZP DERBTFBNEOFE YMY RP LBLPNH-OYVKhDSH YOPNH CHPRPTPUKH, LPFPTSHCHK FPF UYEM OHTSOSCHN FS. lPNYFEF OBBLPNNYMUS U DPLHNEOFBNY Y UPPVEEOYSNY, RPDTPVOP PVUKHTSDBM CHPRPTPUSH Y RTYOINBM TEYEOYS, LPFPTSCHE PZHTNMSMYUSH RTPFPLPMN. fY TEYEOYS DPCHPDYMYUSH ЪBFEN DP UCHEDEOYS OBUYI HYUTETSDEOOK Y CHYOULYI YUBUFEK. oh PDOP CHBTSOPE TEYEOYE OE VSHMP OYLPZDB RTYOSFP VEЪ RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOPZP PVUKhTSDEOOYS CH lPNYFEFE.

oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH GEMPN, LBL LPMMEZYBMSHOSCHK PTZBO, Y LBTSDSCHK YEZP YUMEOPCH CH PFDEMSHOPUFY CHUEZDB PLBSHCHBMY NOE GEOOKHA RPNPESH Y MPSMSHOPE UPDEKUFCHYE. lPOYUOP, UP CHUENY CHBTSOSHNY DEMBNY NOE RTYIPDYMPUSH OBLPNYFSHUS MYYUOP. OP CHUE TSE VTENS, METSBCHYEE ABOUT NOE, UFBMP NEOSHYE CHCHYDH FPZP, YUFP FERETSH NEOS PLTHTSBMY Y PLBSHCHBMY NOE RPNPESH LPNREFEOFOSH UPFTKHDOYLY. lPOYUOP, LFYN NYOYUFTBN, Ъ LPFPTSCHI OH PDYO RTETSDE OE ЪBOYNBM CHYDOPZP PVEEUFCHEOOPZP RPUFB, OEDPUFBCHBMP RPDYUBU OEPVIPDYNPZP BCHFPTYFEFB Y Y'CHEUFOPUFY. OP SING UKHNEMY RTYPVTEUFY FP Y DTHZPE. x LBTsDPZP YЪ OYI, LTPNE FPZP, VSHMY GEOOSHCH LBUEUFCHB Y MYUOSCHK PRSHCHF. h GEMPN TBVPFBS CH lPNYFEFE, SING URPUPVUFCHPCHBMY KHUIMEOYA CHMYSOYS uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY. noe YUBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUFTEYUBFSH UP UFPTPOSCH NPYI UPFTKHDOYLPCH, LPOYUOP, OE PRRPYGYA, OP CHPTBTTSEOYS YMY LTYFYLH RP RPCHPDH NPYI OBNTEOOK Y DEKUFCHYK. h FTHDOSHHE NYOHFSHCH, LPZDB S PVSHYUOP ULMPOSMUS L RTYOSFYA TEYYFEMSHOSHI NO, NOPZYE YUMEOSH lPNYFEFB CHSHCHULBSCCHBMYUSH ЪB LPNRTPNYUU. oP LFP VSHMP DBCE IPTPYP. h LPOYUOPN UUEFE, YЪMPTSYCH UCHPY DPCHPDSH, OH PDY YЪ OBGYPOBMSHOSHI LPNYUUBTPCH OYLPZDB OE PURBTYCHBM NPEZP PLPOYUBFEMSHOPZP TEYEOYS.

y IPFS YOPK TB NOEOYS NPZMY TBDEMYFSHUS, PFCHEFUFCHOOPUFSH GEMYLPN MECBMB ЗА БР. h VPTSHVE ЪB PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE NOE, VEDOSZE, RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUEZDB CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE PFCHEYUBFSH ЪB CHUE. PP ZhTBOGYY LP NOE CHUE YUBEE PVTBEBMY UCHPY CHPTSH FE, LFP CHUE VPMSHYE UFTENYMUS L BLFYCHOPNH UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. h LFPN YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMUS CHUE VPMEE SUOSCHK PFCHEF ЗА NPI RTYYSCCHCHSHCH. h LFPN RTPSCHMSMPUSH FBLTCE Y UIPDUFCHP OBUFTPEOYK, LPFPTPE NOE LBBBMPUSH UFPMSH TSE OEPVIPDYNSCHN, LBL Y CHPMOHAEIN. ChYDS, YuFP ULMPOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHPCH L TBYAEDYOOYA Y TBBPVEOOOPUFY, LPFPTHA YN OBCHSCHCHBM TETSIN KHZOEFEOYS, URPUPVOB CHSHCHBFSH TBTPЪOOOSHE CHURSHCHYL CHPЪNHE EOYS, WITH TSIM PDOPK NSCHUMSHA: UMYFSH YI CHPEDIOP CH YOFETEUBI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, YNEOOOP EDYOUFCHP PRTEDEMSMP VPECHSHCHE KHUREY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, EZP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK IBTBLFET, EZP NETSDHOBTPDOPE OBYEOYE.

oBUYOBS U MEFB 1941 NSCH TBOSCHNY RKhFSNY RPUFEREOOP KHOBCHBMY PVP CHUEN, YuFP RTPYUIPDYMP CH NEFTPRPMYY. RPNENP FPZP YuFP NPTSOP RTPYUFSH UFTL CBIFBI YU TBDIPREDBU PVEI, RPUFPSOOP RPMHUBMYA Cheeshnb RPMOHA YOLPTNBGYA Hydeshi Chidei TBICHECH TBICHEDLY, DA PEEUEII OLEPFPTSHSHEYA Bzeofpch, lpfphthch heca decuchbfsh относно не-ofby, RPLBBYK DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, RTIVSHSHYYYAEEE ECEDOOOCOP YH ZHTBOGYY, UPPVEEIK , LPFPTSCHHE RPUFKHRBMY RP DYRMPNBFYUEULYN LBOBMBN, ЪBSCHMEOYK BNZTBOFPCH, RPTPETSBCHYI YUETE NBDTYD, mYUUBVPO, fBOTSET YMY OSHA-KPTL, Y, OBLPOEG, CH CHYDE RY UEN, LPFPTSCHE U RPNPESH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI KHMPCHPL RETERTBCHMSMY LOYN UENSHYY DTHYSH S KHUBUFOYLPCH "uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". h TEЪХМШФБФЭ Х NEOS ULMBDSHCHBMPUSH DEOSH ЪB DOEN FPYUOPE RTEDUFBCHMEOYE PV PVUFBOPCHLE. ULPMSHLP TB, VEUEDHS U UPPFEYUEUFCHEOILBNY, FPMSHLP YuFP RPLYOKHCHYNYY TPDYOH, ZDE POY, PDOBLP, VSHMY ЪBOSFSHCH FPK YMY YOPK NETE RPCHUEDOECHOPK TBVPFPK Y ЪOBLPNSCH MYY SH U TSYOSHA UCHPEZP ZPTPDB, S KHVETSDB MUS CH FPN, YuFP VMBZPDBTS NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHN YUFPYUOILBN YOZHPTNBGYY, LPFPTBS DPUFBCHMSMBUSH OBN GEMPK BTNYEK RTEDBOOSCHI MADEK, NOE MHYUYE, YUEN LPNH-MYVP DTHZPNH, YJCHEUFOP RPMPTSEOYE DEM PE ZhTBOGYY.

b LFP CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH RPJCHPMSMP NOE UDEMBFSH CHSHCHPD P TBMPTSEOYY CHYUFULZP TETSINB. ЙММАЙЙЙ Ч ПФОПЕОЙЙ ЛФППЗП ТЕЦИНБ ТБУУЕСМЮШ. rTETSDE CHUEZP RPVEDB ZETNBOY, P LPFPTPK ЪBSCHMSMY LBL P UBNP UPVPK TBHNEAENUS DEME, YUFPVSH PRTBCHDBFSH LBRYFHMSGYA, UFBOPCHYMBUSH OECHPNPTSOPK, RPUME FPZP LBL CHPKOKH CHUFKHRYMY TPUUYS Y ЪBFEN UPED ЙООСЧ ЙФБФЩ, Б БОЗМИС Й “УЧПВПДОБС ЖТБОГИС” ДПЛБЪБМЙ УЦПА УРПУПВОПУФШ Л УПРТПХИЧМЕОЯ. HFCHETTSDEOYE, YuFP TBDY URBUEOYS "NBFETYBMSHOSHI VMBZ" OEPVIPDYNP VSHMP UPZMBUIFSHUS ЗА RPTBVPEEOOYE UFTBOSHCH, CHZMSDEMP UNIPFCHPTOP, YVP 1500 FSHUSYU OBYI MADEK, CHSFSHCHI CH RME O, ​​​​OE CHPTBEBMYUSH DPNPC ; OENGSH RTBLFYUEULY BOOELUITPCHBMY UMSHBUY mPFBTYOZYA Y PFTEЪBMY CH BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOPN PFOPYYUECHET UFTBOSH PF PUFBMSHOPK FETTYFPTYY; RTPYCHPDYYEUS PLLHRBOFBNY YYASFYS DEOOTSOSHI UTEDUFCH, USHTSHS, UEMSHULPIPSKUFCHEOOSCHY RTPPNSHCHYMEOOOSCHI FPCHBTPCH YUFPEBMY OBUH LLPOPNYLH, CHUE VPMSHYEE YUUMP BOGHЪPCH CHSCHOKHTSDEOP VSHMP TBVPFBFSH ЗА Z ЕТНБОЯ. TBZPCHPTSH PV PVPTPOE ZTBOGKHULPK YNRETYY PF "MAVPZP CHTBZB" OE NPZMY HCE OILPP PVNBOKHFSH, U FAIRY RPT LBL ZHTBOGKHULKHA BTNYA Y ZHMPF ЪBUFBCHYMY CHPECHBFSH RTPFPYCH UPAYOILPC Y "DEZPMMECHGECH" CH dBL BTE, zBVPOE, UYYYY ЗА nBDBZBULBTE; CH FP CHTENS LBL OENGSCH Y YFBMSHSOGSH Y LPNYUUYK RP RETENYYA UCHPVPDOP TBURPTTSSBMYUSH CH BMCYTE, FHOYUE, LBUBVMBOLE Y VEKTHFE, OENEGLYE UBNPMEFSH RTYENMSMYUSH BMERP Y dBNBULE, B SRPOGSH PLLHRYTPCHBMY fPOLYO Y lPIYOIYOH. pFOSHCHOE UTBTSBAEBSS ZHTBOGYS UFBMB CHPRMPEEOYEN CHUEI OBDETSD ЗА CHPCHTBF ЪBNPTULYI FETTYFPTYK. POB RPUFEREOOP KHFCHETTSDBMBUSH CH HLCHBFPTYBMSHOPK bZHTYLE, ЗА PUFTPCBI PLEBOYY, CH rPODYYETY, CH MECHBOFE, ЗА PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET, ЗА NBDBZBULBTE Y PE ZhTBOGKHULPN UPNBMY. chNEUFE U FEN POB HCE ЪBTBOEE OERTELMPOOP ЪBSCHMSMB P UCHPYI OEPURPTYNSCHI RTBCHBI ЗА UECHETOKHA bZHTYLKH, UBRBDOHA BZHTYLKH, BOFYMSHULYE PUFTPPCHB Y YODPLYFBK.

YuFP LBUBEFUS "OBGYPOBMSHOPK TECHPMAGYY", U RPNPESHA LPFPTPK TETSYN chyy RSHFBMUS RTYLTSCHFSH UPVUFCHOOKHA LBRYFHMSGYA, FP UPЪDBCHBMPUSH CREYUBFMEOYE, YuFP CHYYUFSHCHCHMELBAF US TEZHPTNBNY, YJ LPFPTSCHI OELPFPTSCHHE VSHMY UBNY RP UEVE RPMEOSCH, OP CH GEMPN POY VSHMY DYULTEDYFYTPCHBOSH FEN, YuFP YI RTPchedeoye UCHSCHCHBMY U TBZTPNPN Y RPTBVPEEOYEN zTBOGYY. TBZPCHPTSH CHYYUFPCH P NPTBMSHOPN PJDPTPCHMEOYY KHLTERMEOYY CHMBUFY, DBCE YI VEUURPTOSCH RPRSHCHFLY OBCHEUFY RPTSDPL CH PVEEUFCHEOOP-LLPOPNYUUEULPK TSYYOY ОТНОСНО CHSTBTSBMYU Ш MYYSH CH RBTBDBI MEZYPOETPCH, CHPCHEM YYUYCHBOYY NBTYBMB REFEOB, UPЪDBOYY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI LPNYUUYK Y LPNYFEFPCH, B RP UKHEEUFCHH POBYUBMY RPDMSHCHE TERTEUUYY, YE RPMYGYYY GEOYHTSCH, RTYCHYMEZYY Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYE YETOPZP TSCHOLB. yFP LPOYUMPUSH FEN, YuFP CH UBNPN CHYYYUFULPN THLPCHPDUFCHE RPSCHYMYUSH RTYOBLY EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHB Y TBVTPDB. chPF LBL TBCHYCHBMYUSH UPVSHCHFYS U LPOGB 1940 Y CHRMPFSH DP MEFB 1942: KhChPMSHOOYE mBChBMS; UPЪDBOIE CH rBTYETSE nBTUEMEN DEB, DEMPOLMEN, MAYETPN, nBTLE, UABTEЪPN Y DTKHZYNY "OBGYPOBMSHOPZP OBTPDOPZP PVAEDYOEOYS", LPFPTPPE RTY RTSNPK RPDDETZLE PLHLHRBOFPCH TEOLP OBRBDBMP ABOUT RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP Y CHAMP LTYLMYCHHA RTPRBZBODH CH RPMSHЪKH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U OENGBNY; VEULPOYUOSCH YЪNEOOYS RPMOPNPYUK dBTMBOB; PFUFBCHLY YUMEOPCH LBVYOEFB: yVBTOEZBTY, vPDKHOB, bMSHVETB, zhMBODEOB, RKTHFPOB, yeChBMSHE, BYBTTB Y DTHZYI, LPFPTSCHE PDO ЪB DTKHZYN ЪBSCHMSMY, YuFP ChPЪMPTSEOOBS ЗА OYI ЪBDBUB ОКЭ ЩРПМОНБ; ЪБЗБДПУОПЭ ЪППЦИДБOOPE RTELTBEEOYE RTPGEUUB CH TYPNE {174} ; PFUFBCHLB chEKZBOB; RPLHOYEOYE lPMEFFB ЗА mBChBMS; ЗА РПУМЕДОЕЗП ЗМБЧПК РТБЧЙФЕМШУФЧБ. UBN NBTYBM REFEO PFLTSCHFP RTYOBCHBM UCHPE PFYUBSOPE RPMPTSEOYE. “s PEKHEBA ULCHETOSCHK CHEFET, LPFPTSCHK DHEF YЪ NOPZYI TBKOPCH zhTBOGYY, ZPCHPTYM PO, CHCHUFKHRBS RP TBDYP CH BCHZKHUFE 1941. veURPLPKUFChP PCHMBDECHBEF KHNBNY. h DKHYY CHLTBDSHCHBEFUS UPNOEOYE. bCHFPTYFEF RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB PURBTYCHBEFUS. rTYLBYSHCHSHCHRPMOSAFUS RMPIP. oBUFPSEYK OEDKHZ PICHBFSHCHBEF ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD.” h yaoe umedhaeezp zpdb, pfneyubs chfptha zpdpcheyoh uchpek rtpushvsh p retenytyy, от Ubschim ch teyuy, ftboumytpchbchyekus rp tbdyp: „с pfoadsh oe ultshchba, yufp npi rtyshchch Myl. "

rP NETE FPZP LBL DHFP CHEMYUYE CHYYYUFULPZP TETSINB YUYUEBMP RPCHUADH, CH NEFTPRPMYY CHPOYLBMY PYUBZY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. eUFEUFCHEOOP, TEYUSH YMB P DEKUFCHYSI, PUEOSH TBMYUOSHI RP IBTBLFETH, YBUFP OE PUEOSH YUEFLP PRTEDEMOOOSCHI, OP RTEUMEDPCHBCHYI EDYOKHA GEMSH. h PDOPN NEUFE UPUFBCHMSMY, REYUBFBMY Y TBURTPUFTBOSMY TBOPZP TPDB MYUFPCHLY. h DTHZPN UPVYTBMY UCHEDEOYS TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOPZP IBTBLFETB P RTPPFYCHOYLE. NHTSEUFCHEOOSCH MADI UPJDBCHBMY ZTHRRSH DEKUFCHYS, LPFPTSCHESCHSHRPMOSMY UBNSCHHE TBOPPVTBOSCH OBDBYUY: OBMEFSCH ЗА CHTBZB, RPTYUH YNHEEUFCHB, RPMHYUEOYE TBURTEDEMEOYE Z THЪPCH, LPFPTSCHE UVTBUSHCHBMY USH ЗА RBTBYAFBI YMY DPUFBCHMSMYUSH DTKHZYNY RHFSNY, RETEYPD Y PDOPK ЪPOSHCH DTHZHA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHLH BZEOFPCH, RETEYPD ZTBOYGSCH F. R. h TSDE NEUF UPDBCHBMYUSH ЪBTPDSHY PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS, YUMEOSH LPFPTSCHI PVAEDYOSMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK MYVP RP KHLBBOYSN CHCHUYI YOUFBOGYK, MYVP CH UYMKH PVEOPU FY CHZMSDHR. пДОЙН УМПЧПН, ЪБ ЧОЙОЕК РБУУЙЧОПУФШЫ ВЕДЕКУФЧЙЕН, ЛПФПТСЧЕ, ЛБББМПУШ, ГБТЫМЫ Н НЕФТПРПМЫЙ, уПРТППФЫЧМЕОЙЕ ОБУЙОБМП ЦЫФШ УЧПЕК БЛФЫЧОПК РПДРПМШОПК ЦЁША. VPKGSH UPRTPFYCHMEOYS PE ZHTBOGYY ZPFPCHYMYUSH FERTSH OBOPUYFSH HDBTSH RP CHTBZH, OEUNPFTS ABOUT ZHUFHA UEFSH RPMYGEKULYI Y DPOPUYLPCH.

h UEOFSVTE 1941 OBYUBMBUSH UETYS YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHI OBRBDEOYK ЗА OENEGLYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. RETCHSHCHNY VSHMY KHVYFSH LPNEODBOF ZBTOI'POB CH OBOFE, PZHYGET CH vPTDP Y DCHB UPMDBFB CH rBTYTSE ЗА KHMYGE YBNRYPOOE. ъBFEN YUYUMP KHVYFSHI UFBMP TBUFY. NUFS ZHTBOGKHBN, CHTBZ UPFOSNY TBUUFTEMYCHBM ЪBMPTSoilPCH, VTPUBM CH FATSHNSCH FSHUSYU RBFTYPFPCH, LPFPTSCHHE RPFPN CHSHCHUSCHMBMYUSH YJ ZhTBOGYY, DKHYM YFTBZHBNY Y TERTE UUYTPCHBM ZPTPDB, ТУК U ПЧЕТИБМЮШ РПЛХОЙЁЙС. u YUKHCHUFChPN NTBYUOPK ZPTDPUFY KHOBCHBMY NSCH PV LFK CHPKOE PDYOPYUEL, LPFPTSCHHE RPDCHETZBMY UEVS PZTPNOPNH TYULKH, VPTSUSH U PLLHRBOFBNY. y DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, ZYVEMSH ZHTBOGKHIPCH TSETFCH PFCHEFOSHI TERTEUUYK OENGECH CHSHSCCHBMB CH OBUYI UETDGBI ULPTVSH, OP PFOADSH OE PFYUBSOYE, RPFPNH YuFP NSCH LFP TBUGEOYCHBMY LBL UNETFSH UPMDBF ЗА RPME VYFCHSH CH. pDOBLP YUIPDS Y BMENEOFBTOSCHI FTEVPVCHBOYK CHPEOOPK OBHLY, NSCH UYUYFBMY, YuFP VPTSHVPK OHTsOP THLLPCHPDYFSH Y YuFP L FPNKH TSE EEE OE OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF OBUYOBFSH PFLTSCHFSHE VPECHSHCHE DEKUFCHYS CH NEFTPRPMYY. vPTSHVB, TBUUUYFBOOBS ЗА FP, YUFPVSH OE DBCHBFSH RTPFYCHOILH RPLPS, ЪBFEN BLFYCHOSHE PRETBGYY CHOKHFTEOYI UYM uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH OBNEYOOOSCHI RHOLFBI, OBLPOEG, OBGYPOBMSHOPE CHPUUFB OYE, LPFPTP PE NSCH OBNETECHBMYUSH OBYUBFSH CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF, NPZMY VSC VSCHFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSCHNY RTY HUMPCHYY, YuFP CHUE LFP HDBMPUSH VSC PUHEEUFCHYFSH LBL PDOP GEMPE CH UPUEFBOY Y DEKUFCHYSNY BTNYK PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. NETSDH FEN CH 1941 uPRTPFYCHMEOYE EDCHB OBUYOBMP ЪBTPTsDBFSHUS, Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH OBMY, YUFP POP NPTsEF RPFETREFSH RPMOPE RPTBTTSEOYE VHLCHBMSHOP ЪB ZPDSH DP FP ZP, LBL OBIY UPAЪOILY VHDH Ф ЗПФПЧШЧЩУБДИФШУС ЗА РПВЕТЕЦШЕ.

chPF RPYUENH 23 PLFSVTS S ЪBSCHYM RP TBDYP: “fPF ZhBLF, YuFP ZhTBOGKHSHCH KHVYCHBAF OENGECH, SCHMSEFUS BVUPMAFOP OPTNBMSHOSCHN Y BVUPMAFOP PRTBCHDBOOSHCHN. eUMY OENGSH OE IPFSF, YuFPVSH NSCH YI KHVYCHBMY, YN UMEDHEF PUFBCHBFSHUS DPNB... rPUME FPZP LBL YN OE HDBMPUSH RPLPTYFSH NYT, LBTSDSCHK OENEG OBEF, YuFP UFBOEF MYVP FT KHRPN, MYVP RMEOOSCHN. OP UHEEUFCHHEF FBLFYLB CHEDEOYS CHPKOSCH. chPKOPK DPMTSOSCH THLPCHPDYFSH FE, LPNH bFP RPTHYUEOP... h OBUFPSEE CHTENS NPK RTYLBJ DMS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPC FETTYFPTYY: OENGECH PFLTSCHFP OE HVYCHBFSH! ON CHCHCHBO EDYOUFCHEOOSCHN UPPVTBTCEOYEN: UEKYBU CHTBZ NPTSEF UPCHETYOOOP WEURTERSFUFCHEOOP PUHEEUFCHMSFSH NBUUPCHSHCHE HVYKUFCHB OBUYI RPLB EEE VE'PTHTSOSCHI VPTGPC. oBRTPFYCH, LBL FPMSHLP NSCH UNPTSEN RETEKFY CH OBUFHRMEOYE, VHDHF PFDBOSCH UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE RTYLBYSHCH.“

UFTENSUSH UPLTBFYFSH UCHPY RPFETY, LPFPTSCHE RTY UMPTSYCHYEKUS PVUFBOPCCHLE VSHMY UMYYLPN CHEMILY RP UTBCHOEYA U DPUFYZOHFSHCHNY CHUSHNB OOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY TEKHMSHFBFBNY, NSCH CHNEUFE U FEN DPMTSOSCH VSHM Y YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH TEBLGYA NBUU ABOUT OENEGLYE TERTEUUY CH YOFETEUBI KHLTERMEOYS OBGYPOBMSHOPK UPMYDBTOPUFY Y URMPYUEOYS UYM ZHTBOGHYULPZP OBTPDB. 25 PLFSSVTS, ЗА UMEDHAEIK DEOSH RPUM LBJOY 50 ЪБМПЦОЛПЧ Ш оКОФЭ й ыБФПВТИБОК І 50 RBFTYPFPCH CH vPTDP S ЪBSCHYM RP TBDYP UMEDHAEEE: “tBUUFTEMYCHBS OBYI MAD EK, CHTBZ TBUUUYFSHCHBM Ъ БРХЗБФШ ЖТБОГЯ. ZhTBOGYS DPLBTSEF, YuFP EE ЪBRKHZBFSH OEMSH... s RTYYSCCHBA CHUEI ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y CHUEI ZHTBOGKHTSEOPL RTELTBFYFSH CHUSLHA TBVPFH Y CHUSLPE DCHYTSEOYE FBN, ZDE POY VHDHF DYFSHUS, CH RSFOYGH 31 PLFSSVTS, U 4 YUBUPCH DP 4 YUBUPCH 05 NYOHF, U FEN YUFPVSH LFP UETSHEOPE RTEDPUFETETSEOYE , LFB NPEOBS OBGYPOBMSHOBS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBMB UYMKH VTBFULPK UPMYDBTOPUFY ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y RPLBЪBMB CHTBZH, LBLBS PRBUOPUFSH RPDUFETEZBEF EZP UADH." ОБЛБОХОЕ ОБНЕЙООПЗП ДОС С РПЧФПТЙМ УЧПК РТЙЫЩЧ. uPUFPSCHYBSUS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTYPVTEMB PE NOPZYI NEUFBI, PUPVEOOOP ЗА ЪBCHPDBI, CHOKHOYYFEMSHOSHCHK IBTBLFET. h TEЪKHMSHFBFE PE NOE KHLTERYMBUSH TEYINPUFSH OE DPRKHULBFSH, YUFPVSH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSHCHMYMPUSH CH BOBTIYA; OBRTPFYCH, S IPFEM DPVYFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBOOPUFY, OE RTEUELBS CHNEUFE U FEN YOYGYBFYCHSHCH, LPFPTBS VSHMB EZP DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK, Y OE PFCHETZBS CHBINOPK YЪPMYTPCHBOOPUFY NEU FOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, VEЪ LPFPT PK uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE NPZMP VSH VSHCHFSH RPMOPUFSHA MILCHYDYTPCHBOP PDOYN HDBTTPN.

PE CHUSLPN UMKHYUBE KHYBUFOYL DCHYTSEOYS UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y EZP PTZBOYBGYY PE NOPZYI PFOPEYOSI DEKUFCHBMY FERTSH U VPMSHYPK TEYINPUFSHA, OP POY YURSHCHFSHCHBMY PUFTHA OEICHB FLH CHPEOOOSCHI UREGYBMYU ФБР. FBN, ZDE POY NPZMY Y DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBKFY, FP EUFSH CH FPN, YuFP PUFBCHBMPUSH PF BTNYY, RHFSH RTEZTBTSDBMY CHYUFSH. y FEN OE NEOEE RETCCHHE KHDBTSHCH RP CHTBZKH VSHMY OBOUEOSCH CHPEOOOSCHNY. pZHYGETSCH BTNEKULYI Y PLTHTSOSHI YFBVPCH RTSFBMY PTHTSIE PF LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA. TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOBS UMKHTSVB RTDPDPMTSBMB FBKLPN CHEUFY LPOFTTBCHEDLH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PFRTBCHMSMB BOZMYUBOBN YOZHPTNBGYA. rTY UPDEKUFCHYY ZEOETBMPCH ZHTTB, DEMEUFTOB, CHETOP {175} , vMPL-dBUUP, dATNEKETB, U RPNPESH, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PZHYGETULYI LMHVPCH RPDZPFBCHMYCHBMYUSH NPVYMYBGYPOOSHE NETPRTYSFYS. ZEOETBM lpy UFBM CHEUFY BLFYCHOHA RTPPRBZBODH RTPFYCH LBRYFKHMSOFULYI OBUFTPEOYK. UTEDY THLPCHPDYFEMEK NPMPDETSOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, CH UPUFBCH LPFPTSCHI CHIPDIMP OBYUYFEMSHOPE LPMYUEUFCHP VSHCHYI CHPEOOSCHI, NOPZYE FTEOYTPCHBMYUSH UBNY Y HYUMY DTHZYI CHMBDEFSH P THTSYEN. h PUFBCHYYIUS CHYOULYI YUBUFSI RPYUFY CHUE PZHYGETSH, HOFET-PZHYGETSH Y UPMDBFSH OE ULTSHCHBMY UCHPYI OBDETSD CHOPPSH RTYOSFSH KHYUBUFYE CH VPSI.

oBUEMEOYE PFOPUYMPUSH L LFPNH CHEUSHNB RPMPTSYFEMSHOP. rTYCHEOOBS YI ZhTBOGYY LYOPITPOILB, LPFPTHA S RTPUNPFTEM CH mPODPOE, UMKHTSYMB OBZMSDOSCHN FPNKH DPLBBBFEMSHUFCHPN. h ZHYMSHNE VSCHM ЪBUOSF NPNEOF, LPZDB REFEO PE CHTENS PDOPK YUCHPYI RPEDPL CH NBTUEMSH RPSCHYMUS ABOUT VBMLPOE TBFKHYY RETED ChPKULBNYY OBTPDPN, LPFPTSCHE CHSTBTSBMY UCHPY ZPTSYU YE RBFTYIPFYUEULYE YUKH ЧУФЧБ. NPTsOP VSHMP UMSHCHYBFSH, LBL, RPCHYOKHSUSH EDYOPDHYOPNH OBUFTPEOYA LFK NBUUSCH MADEK, BY LTYLOKHM: „oe ЪBVHDSHFE, YuFP CHUE CHSC NPVYMYʺPCHBOSHCH!“ fY UMPCHB CHSHCHBMY VKHTOSHCHK LOFKHYYBIN CHUEI UPVTBCHYIUS, CHPEOOOSCHY Y OECHPEOOOSCHI, LPFPTSCHHE UNESMYUSH Y RMBLBMY PF CHPMOYS.

fBLYN PVTBBPN, OEUNPFTS ЗА FP YuFP BTNYS RPFETSMB KHVYFSHCHNY YMY RMEOOSCHNY VPMSHYOUFChP UCHPYI YBUFP MKHYYI UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH, POB UFYIYKOP UFTENYMBUSH L FPNH, VSC CHPZMBCHYFSH OBGYPOBMSHOPE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE. pDOBLP YNEOOP bFPZP Y OE IPFEMP "RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP", LPFPTPNH BTNYS RPDYYOSMBUSH. chYYUFULYK TETSYN, UPITBOSCHYK CHOYUBME CHYDYNPUFSH OEKFTBMYFEFB, ЪBFEN CHUFBCHYYK ABOUT RHFSH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U CHTBZPN, RPNEYBM BTNYY PUKHEEUFCHYFSH UCHPE RTYYCHBOYE, Y CH TE'KHMSHFBFE POB NPTBMSHOP PLBBBMBUSH CH FHRYLE, CHSHCHIPD YJ LPFPTPZP NPTsOP VSHMP OBKFY, MYYSH PFLBBCHYUSH PF ZHTBNBMSHOPK DYUGYRMYOSCH. iPFS NOPZYE CHPEOOSH TSE RPIMY ЗА LFP, PUPVEOOOP LFP UPUFPSM CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YMY LFP CHUFKHRYM CH FBKOHA BTNYA, YMY, OBLPOEG, FE, LFP RPTSE PUOPCHBM “bTNEKULHA PTZBOYBGYA uPRTPFYCH MEOYS”, ZBLFYUEULY DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSCHOKHTSDEOP VSHMP RETCHPE CHTENS UBNP ZPFPCHYFSH UCHPY LBDTSH.

h "UChPVPDOPK" ЪPOE FBLYE PTZBOYBGYY, LBL "lPNVB" PE ZMBCHE U LBRYFBOPN ZhTEO {176} , "mYVETBUSHPO", CH LPFPTPK PUOPCHOKHA TPMSH YZTBM BNBOAMSH D "BUFSH DE MB CHITSETY {177} , "ЖТБО-ФЪТЕТ", ТХЛПЧПДУФЧП ЛПФПТПК ЧП'ЗМБЧМСМ ЦБО-ршет МЕЧИ {178} , ЪБОЙНБМЮШ BLFYCHOPK RTPRBZBODYUFULPK DESFEMSHOPUFSHA Y UPЪDBCHBMY CHPEOYYTPCHBOOSCH ŽHTNYTPCHBOYS. pDOPCHTEENOOOP PUFBFLY VSHCHYI RTPZHUPAOSCHI PTZBOYBGYK "CHUEPVEEK LPOZHEDETBYY FTHDB" Y "ZhTBOGKHULPK LPOZHEDETBYY ITYUFYBOULYI FTHDSEYIUS" CHEMY RTPRBZBOD ​​​​X H RPMSHЪХ uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. bOBMPZYUOHA TBVPFKH RTPCHPDYMY TBMYUOSHE ZTHRRYTPCHLY, UPUFPSCHIYE YUMEOOPCH VSHCHYYI RBTFYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY FBLYI, LBL UPGYBMYUFYUEULBS, oBTPDOSHE DENPLTBFSCH Y t EURHWMYLBOWLS ZHEDETBGYS. rPULPMSHLH ЪPOB OE VSHMB PLLHRYTPCHBOB OENGBNY, VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, EUFEUFCHEOOP, RTPPFYCH CHYYUFULLPZP TETSINB, RTPPHYCH EZP RPMYGYY FTYVHOBMPCH. rTY LFPN THLPCHPDYFEMY, ZPFPCHS UYMSCH, LPFPTSCHE CH UMHYUBE OEPVIPDYNPUFY NPZMY VSHFSH YURPMSHJPCHBOSH RTPPFYCH CHTBZB, DKHNBMY P ЪBICHBFE CHMBUFY Y CHYDEMY CH UPRTPPHYCH MEOY OE FPMSHLP PTHDYE CHPKO Щ, ОП Й УТЕДУФЧП ДМС УНЕОШ ТЕЦИНБ.

rPMYFYUEULYK IBTBLFET PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ATSOPK ЪPOSH DEMBM, EUFEUFCHOOOP, YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOPK, URPUPVUFCHPCHBM RTYCHMEYOOYA CH YI TSDSCH CHM YSFEMSHOSHI BMENEOFPCH, RTYDB CHBM YI RTPRBZBODE ЪMPVPDOECHOPUFSH Y ЪBTSYZBFEMSHOPUFSH, LPFPTSCHHE VKhDIMY KHNSCH. OP U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, RPMOPE UPZMBUYE Y CHSHCHFELBAEBS PFUADB UPCHNEUFOBS DESFEMSHOPUFSH THLPCHPDSEYI LPNYFEFPCH UFTBDBMY PF CHUEZP LFPZP. UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YUFP TSDPCCHHE YUMEOSH FUYI PTZBOYBGYK Y UPYUKHCHUFCHHAEYE RPYUFY OE YOFETEUPCHBMYUSH OH DBMSHOEKYEK RTPZTBNNPK UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, OH HUMPCHYSNY ЪB ICHBFB CHMBUFY, OH RPDVPTPN VHD ХЕЙ РТБЧИФЕМЕК. rP PVEENKH NOEOYA, ZMBCHOPE UPUFPSMP CH FPN, YUFPVSH UTBTSBFSHUS YMY RP LTBKOEK NETE ZPFPCHYFSHUS L LFPNH. dPVSHCHBFSH PTHTSIE, KHUFTBYCHBFSH FBKOILY, RPDZPFBCHMYCHBFSH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PUHEEUFCHMSFSH OBMEFSH CHPF P YUEN YMB TEYUSH! y LFK GEMSHHA OBDP VSHMP PTZBOYPCHCHBFSH ZTKHRRSCH ABOUT NEUFBI ЪOBAEYI DTHZ DTHZB MADEK, YULBFSH UTEDUFCHB DMS VPTSHVSH Y DETSBFSH SJSHL ЪB ЪХВБНЯ. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, EUMY CHOKHFTY PTZBOYBGYK Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP PFOPUYFEMSHOPE EDYOUFChP CHZMSDHR, FP RTBLFYUEULBS VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, OPPVPTPF, TBTPJOOOSCHNY ZT KHRRBNY, LPFPTSCHE YNEMY UPVUFCHEOOSHI TH LPCHPDYFEMEK, DEKUFCHPCHBMY UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP Y PURBTYCHBMY DTKHZ X DTHZB RTBCHP ЗА YNECHYYEUS CH NYETOPN LPMYUEUFCHE PTHTSYE DEOSHZY .

h PLLKHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE, CH KHUMPCHYSI OERPUTEDUFCHOOOPK PRBUOPUFY, FBLPK LPOLCHTEOGYY OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP, PDOBLP TBPVEEOOPUFSH MADEK Y KHUIMYK RTPSCHMSMBUSH FBN ZPTBJDP UYM SHOEE. fBN VShchMP RTSNPE Y PRBUOPE UPUEDUFChP U RTPFYCHOILPN. rTYIPDYMPUSH YNEFSH DEMP U ZEUFBRP. OE VSHMP OYLBLPK CHPNPTSOPUFY RETEDCHYZBFSHUS, RETERYUSCHCHBFSHUS, CHSHCHVYTBFSH LCHBTFYTH, OE RPDCHETZBSUSH UFTPZPNH LPOFTPMA. ЧУЕ РПДПЙФЕМШОШ РПРБДБМЙ Ч ФАТШНХ Й ЧЩУЩММЮШ. yuFP LBUBEFUS BLFYCHOPZP uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, FP EZP VPKGCH OEKHNPMYNP RPDUFETEZBMY RSHCHFLY Y UNETFSH. h FYI HUMPCHYSI UIMSH VSHMY LTBKOYE TBURSHMEOSCH. CHNEUFE U FEN, RTYUKHFUFCHYE OENGECH UPЪDBCHBMP PVUFBOPCHLH, FPMLBCHYKHA OUT UPRTPFYCHMEOYE, OUT UPUDBOYE RPDRPMSHOSHI PTZBOYBGYK. chPF RPYUENH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS CH LFK ЪPOE RTYPVTEFBMP OBRTSCEOOSHCHK CHPEOOP-ЪBZPCHPTEYUEULYK IBTBLFET. "ZTBTSDBOULBS Y CHPEOOBS PTZBOYBGYS", PUOPCHBOOBS RPMLPCHOILPN fHOY, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS" PE ZMBCHE U TYRPYEN, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY UPRTPFY CHMEOYS", UPЪDBOOBS melPOFPN-vHBOY {179} , PTZBOYBGYS "pUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB", LPFPTHA UZhPTNYTPCHBM LBCHBKEU, OBLPOEG, PTZBOYBGYS "zPMPU UECHETB", PUOPCHBOOBS CH yOP, PE ZhMBODTYY, CH LTBA YBIFETCH, RPD TH LPCHPDUFCHPN hLLB, LBFEZPTYUE ULY PFLBYUSHCHBMYUSH RTDETTSYCHBFSHUS LBLPZP-MYVP RPMYFYUEULPZP OBRTBCHMEOYS, CHEMY FPMSHLP CHPPTHTSEOHA VPTSHVH Y DEKUFCHPCHBMY OEVPMSHYYNYY , YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHNY DTKhZ PF DTHZB RPDRPMSHOSHSHNY ZTHRRRBNY.

ч ЛПОГЕ 1941 ЛПННХОЮФЩ УЧПА ПЮЕТЕДШ ЧУФХРЫМЫХ ВПТШВХ. dP LFPPZP YI THLPCHPDYFEMY ЪBOINBMY RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPEYA L PLHLHRBOFBN, ЪBFP TELP OBRBDBMY ABOUT BOZMPUBLUPOULYK LBRYFBMYYN Y EZP RTYUMHTS OILHR-“DEZPMMECHGECH”. pDOBLP YI RPCHEDEOYE NNEOFBMSHOP YYNEOYMPUSH, LPZDB ZYFMET OBRBM ЗА TPUUYA, B POY UBNY U FTHDPN UKHNEMY HKFY CH RPDRPMSHE Y KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHSY, OEPVIPDYNSCHE DMS VPTSHVSH. чRTPYUEN, POY VSHCHMY L OEK RPDZPFPCHMEOSCH UCHPEK UYUFENK RBTFYKOSCHI SUEEL, UELTEFOPUFSHA UCHEPEK YETBTIYY, RTEDBOOPUFSHA UCHPYI LBDTPCH. h OBGYPOBMSHOHA CHPKOKH POY CHLMAYUMYUSH PFCHBTTSOP Y KHNEMP, PFLMYLBSUSH VEUURPTOP (PUPVEOOOP TSDPCHCHESH UMEOSCH) ЗА ЪПЧ TPДYOSCH, OP OYLPZDB OE FETSS YЪ CHYDH, LBL BTNYS TECHPMAGYY L, POYUOHA GEMSH, ЪBL MAYUBCHYHAUS CH FPN, YUFPVSH KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHPA DYLFBFHTH, CHPURPMSHЪPCHBCHYUSH DTBNPK, LPFPTHA RETETSYCHBMB ZHTBOGYS . SING CHUE CHTENS UFTENYMYUSH UPITBOIFSH UB UPVPK UCHPVPDH DEKUFCHYK. OP CHNEUFE U FEN, RPMSH'HSUSH OBUFTPEOYSNY VPTGPCH uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH FPN YUYUME Y CH PYI UPVUFCHEOOSHI TSDBI, LPFPTSCHHE IPFEMY FPMSHLP CHPECHBFSH, POY KHRPTOP UFTENYMYUSH PVAEDYOYFSH CHUE uPRTPFYCHMEOYE, YU FPVSH RTECHTBFYFSH EZP, EUMY PLBTSEFUS CHPNPTSOSHCHN, CH PTHDYE UCHPYI YUEUFPMAVICHSHI KHUFTENMEOYK.

fBL, CH PLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE POY UPЪDBMY "oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZHTPOF" ZTHRRYTPCHLH YUYUFP RBFTYPFYUEULPZP IBTBLFETB, Y PTZBOYBGYA "ZhTBOFYTETSH Y RBTFY" BOSHCH", LPFPTBS LBL VHDFP VSC RTEDOBOBYUBMBUSH ЮЛМАЮЙФЕМШОП ДМС ВПТШВШ У ОЕНГБНЫ. h FY PTZBOYBGYY SING RTYCHMELBMY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH OELPNNHOYUFYUEULYE BMENEOFSHCH, YUFPVSH FEN UBNSCHN NBULYTPCHBFSH UCHPY BNSHUMSHCH. пеят ЪBUSHMBMY UCHPYI MADEK RPD TBOSCHN CHYDPN CH THLPCHPDSEYE PTZBOSHCH CHUEI DTHZYI PTZBOYBGYK. пейте RTEDMPTSYMY NOE CHULPTE UCHPE UPDEKUFCHYE, RTY LFPN OH ЗА NYOHFKH OE RETEUFBCHBS UMPUMPCHYFSH RP BDTEUKH "DEZPMMECHULZP NYZHB".

YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS NEOS, FP S IPFEM FPMSHLP, YuFPVSH SING RTYOPUYMY RPMSHЪKH. h VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN OEMSHHS RTEOEVTEZBFSH OILBLYNY UYMBNY, Y S UYFBM, YUFP YI KHYUBUFYE SCHYFUS UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHN CHLMBDPN CH FH UCHPEPVTBOKHA CHPKOKH, LPFPTBS CHEMBUSH CH HUMPCHYSI PLLHRBGYY. OP UMEDPCHBMP DPVYFSHUS, YUFPVSH POY DEKUFCHPCHBMY LBL YUBUFSH EDYOPK PTZBOYBGYY Y, ULBTSKH VEJ PVIOSLPCH, RPD NPYN THLPCHPDUFCHPN. rPMBZBSUSH PE NOPZPN ЗА NPZKHYUKHA UYMKH OBGYPOBMSHOPZP YUKHCHUFCHB Y OEDPCHETYE, LPFPTPPE NOE PLBSCHBMY NBUUSH, С UTBH TEYM RTEDPUFBCHYFSH YN DPMTSOPE NEUFP PE ZHTBOGKHU LPN uPRTPFYCHMEOYY DBCE, LPZDB RTDEF CHTENS, CH EZP THLPCHPDUFCHE. pDOBLP UFPMSH TSE FCHETDP S TEYM OE DPRHULBFSH, YUFPVSH POY UNPZMY ЪBOSFSH DPNYOTHAEE RPMPTSEOYE, PFFEUOYFSH NEOS Y PYUHFYFSHUS X THLPCHPDUFCHB. fTBZEDYS, TEYBCHYBS UHDSHVKH ZTBOGYY, DBCHBMB LFYN ZHTBOGKHBN, LPFPTSCHI CHPNHEBCHYBS YI OEURTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH RPUFBCHYMB CHOE OBGYY, B PYYVLY RPCHEMY RP MPTsOPNH RKhFY, YUFPTTYYUEULHA CHPNPTSOPUF SH CHOPCHSH UFBFSH YUBUFSH EDYOPK OBGYY, IPFS VSC FPMSHLP ЗА RETYPD VPTSHVSHCH. с IPFEM UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH LFB CHPTNPTSOPUFSH OE VSHMB OCHUEZDB RPFETSOB. y FPZDB, LBL y Ch RTPYMPN, UP UMPCHBNY “dB ЪДТБЧУФЧХЭФ ЖТБОВГИС!” NPZMY VSC HNYTBFSH CHUE, LFP FBL YMY YOBYUE PFDBCHBM ЪB OEE UCHPA TSYOSH. h OERTETSCHOPN DCHYTSEOYY TSYYOY CHUE DPLFTYOSCH, CHUE YLPMSCH, CHUE TECHPMAGYY RTEIPDSEY. lPNNHOYIN OE CHEWEO. ОП ЖТБОГИС ЧЕЙЮОБ. с KHCHETEO, YuFP CH EE UKHDSHVE VPMSHYKHA TPMSH USCHZTBEF CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE FPF ZBLF, YuFP RTY CHUEI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI PE CHTENS PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS -CH LFPF OEDPMZYK, OP TEYBAEIK RETYPD UCH PEK YUFPTYY POB VHDEF EDYOPK, УРМПЮЕООПК ОБГЪЕК.

ч ПЛФСВТЕ 1941 С ХООБМ, ЮФП ч мЮУБВПО РТЪВШХМ ЙЪ ЖТБОГИЙ ЦБО нХМИО {180} , ЛПФПТШК ИПФЕМ РПРБУФШ Ч мПОДПО. с ЪОБМ, ЛФП ВЩМ ЛФПФ ЮЕМПЧЕЛ. s ЪOBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, YuFP LBL RTEZHELF DERBTFBNEOFB y T Y mHBT ON RTPSCHYM CHSHUPLPPE NHTSEUFChP Y DPUFPYOUFChP PE CHTENS CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH CH yBTFT. ОЕНГШ ЧУСЮЭУЛЫ ПУЛПТВМСМЫ ЕЗП, ТБОЙМЫ Й ВТПУЙМЫ Ч ФАТШНХ. h LPOGE LPOGPCH ON VSHM PUCHPVPTSDEO, ENH RTYOEUMY YICYOEOYS. CHYYYUFSH UNEUFYMY EZP U RPUFB, Y BY OBIPDIYMUS CH PRBME. с ЪОБМ, УФП НА ИПФЕМ УМХЦЙФШ. rПФПНХ С РПРТПУМ Х ВТИФБУЛИ ЦМБУФЕК OBRTBCHYFSH LFPZP DPUFPKOPZP YUEMPCHELB CH BOZMYA. pDOBLP RTYYMPUSH TsDBFSH DCHB NEUSGB, YuFPVSH RPMKHYYFSH YI UPZMBUYE. "YOFEMMYDTSEOU UETCHYU" UFTENYMBUSH CHOSFSH nHMYOB L UEVE, B PO, OBPVPTPF, FTEVPCHBM, YUFPVSHCH EZP PFRTBCHIMY CH NPE TBURPTTSEOYE. vMBZPDBTS OBUFPSFEMSHOPK RTPUSHVE, U LPFPTPK S CH RYUSHNEOOOPK ZHTNE PVTBFYMUS L IDEOX, LFPF YuEUFOSCHK ZHTBOGKH UNPZ RTYVSCHFSH L NEUFKH OBYEOYS. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY NOE UFPYMP FBLYI TSE KHUIMYK PVEUREYUYFSH EZP CHPCHTBEEOYE PE ZhTBOGYA. h FEYUEOOYE DELBVTS С КАКВО Е OYN RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOSHESCH VUEEDCH. ЦБО nKhMIO DP PFYAEDB CH mPODPO YNEM NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHUFTEYUY U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY CHUEI PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y, LTPNE FPZP, ЪPODYTPCHBM RPYUCH CH TBMYUOSHI RP MYFYUUEULYI, LLPOPNY УЕУЛЙИ Й БДНЁЮФТБФЪЧОШИ УЖЕТБИ. по ИПТПЙП ОБМ ПВУФБОПЧЛХ ФБН, ЗДЕ М У УБНПЗП ОБЮБМБ РТЕДРПМБЗБМ ЕЗП ЮРПМШЪПЧБФШ. ОТ DEBM SUOSCH RTEDMPTSEOYS YUEFLP YIMBZBM UCHPY RTPUSHVSHCH.

yFPF YUEMPCHEL, EEE NMPPDK, OP HTSE OBLPRYCHYYK UMKHTSEVOSHCHK PRSHCHF, VSHM FPK TSE EBBLBMLY, YuFP Y CHUE NPI MKHYUYE URPDCHYTSOIL. CHUEK DKHYPK MAVSEIK ZHTBOGYA, KHVETSDEOOOSCHK CH FPN, YuFP "DEZPMMYYN" DPMTSEO VSHFSH OE FPMSHLP YOUFTHNEOFPN VPTSHVSHCH, OP Y DCHITSKHEEK UYMPK CHUSLPZP PVOPCHMEOYS, KHCHETEOOSCHK CH FPN, YuFP CHPRMPEEOYEN ZPUKHD BTUFCHB SCHMSEFUS "UChPVPDOBS ZhTBOGYS", BY UFTENYMUS L VPMSHYYN DEMBN. l FPNH TSE, VKHDHYUYEMPCHELPN ЪDTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN, FTEЪChP PGEOYCHBS CHEY Y MADEK, BY PUEOSH PVDHNBOOP YEM RP RHFY, KHUESOOPN MPCHKHYLBNY RTPFPYCHOILB Y RTERSFUCHYSNY, FPTSHCHE UPЪDBMY DTHЪSHS. ЧЕТЫЧИК Ч УЧПЕ ДЕМП, ТБУЮЕФМЫЧЩК, ОЕ УПНОЕЧБАЕИКУС ОЙ Ч ЮЕН Й ОЮЕНКХ ОЕ ДПЧЕЦАЕЙК, БРПУФПМ Й ПДОПЧТЕЕНООП ЮРПМОЙФЕМШ, НХМЁ УБ 18 НЕУСГЕЧ ЧШРПМОЙМ ЧБЦОЕКЫХА УБ ДБЮКХ: ЕДЮФЧП Ч Д CHYTSEOY UPRTPPHYCHMEOYS, UHEEUFCHPCHBCHYEE, RP UHFY DEMB, UYNCHPMYUEULY, BY RTECHTBFYM CH TEBMSHOPE EDYOUFCHP. ъBFEN, UFBCH TSETFChPK RTEDBFEMSHUFCHB, RETEOEUS FATSHNH Y TSEUFPLYE RSCHFLY RPDMPZP CHTBZB, TsBO nHMYO PFDBM CIYOSH ЪB ZhTBOGYA, LBL Y NOPZIE DTHZIE ITBVTSCHHE, LPFPTSCHHE ABOUT CHYDH X CHUEI YMY CH R ПДРПМШЕ РПУЧСЕБМЙ ДПМЗЫЕ ОПИЙ ВПТШВЕ, ЮФПВШ УЛПТЕЕ ОБУФХРИМ ТБУУЧЕФ.

NSH HUMPCHYMYUSH, YuFP PO RPUFBTBEFUS UOBYUBMB RTPCHEUFY TBVPFH CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK KOPSCH, YuFPVSH KHVEDYFSH YI UPJDBFSH RPD EZP THLPCHPDUFCHPN PVEYK PTZ BO, LPFPTSCHK VSHM VSH OERPUTEDU FCHEOOP UCHSBO U obGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN, DBCHBM PVEYE HLBBOYS Y BOINBMUS TEYOYEN CHOKHFTEOOYI URPTCH. rP PLPOYUBOY LFK TBVPFSH nKHMIO DPMTSEO VSHM ЪBOSFSHUS UECHETOPK ЪPOPK, YUFPVSH RPRShchFBFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBFSH DMS CHUEK FETTYFPTYY EDYOSCHK UPCHEF UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, UCHSBOOSHCHK UP uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGY ЕК. OP LBL FPMSHLP ЪBYMB TEYUSH P UPЪDBOYY EDYOPZP PTZBOB, LPFPTSCHK CHPZMBCHYM VSC CH NEFTPRPMYY CHUE PTZBOYBGYY, KHUBUFCHBCHYYE CH DCHYTSEOYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, CHPKOILMP DCHB CHPRTPUB: P RPMYFYUEULYI RBTFYSI Y P CHOKHFTEOOYI CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UIMBI CH UFTBOE.

rTYOINBS PE CHOYNBOYE FPMSHLP RTEDUFBCHYFEMSHOSHCHK, OP PFOADSH OE THLPCHPDSEIK IBTBLFET, LPFPTSCHKNOE IPFEMPUSH RTYDBFSH LFPNH UPCHEFKH (YuFP CHRPUMEDUFCHYY KHDBMPUSH CHYFSH), S OE DKHNBM YULMAYUBFSH YЪ OEZP RBTFYY. ЧИПЦДЕООЙЕ ЙИ Ч УПЧЕФ ВСХМП ОЕЙВЕТСОП. chRTPYUEN, RP NPENKH NOEOYA, OBUY OYUYUBUFSHS PVASUOSMYUSH O UHYUEUFCHPCHBOYEN RBTFYK, B FEN, YUFP, RPMSHJHSUSH OBYNYY RTYYEDYYYYYNYH CH CHEFIPUFSH ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHNYY HYUTETSDEOOSNY, OEEB LPOOP РТЮЧБЫЧБМЫ УЕВЕ ЧМБУФШ. ЧПФ РПЮЕНХ, РТЙОБЧБС ЪБ РБТФЙСНИЙ ТПМШ, С ОЕ ЦЕМБМ, ЮФПВШ ФЕРЕТШ ПОЙ ПЛБББМЮШ ПЕ ЗМБЧЕ уПРТПФЫЧМЕОЙС. OH CH LPEK NETE OH YI YIDEY, OH YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH OE SCHMSMYUSH YUFPYUOILPN uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, RPFPNKH YFP CHUE UFY RBTFYY VEJ YULMAYUEOYS PLBUBMYUSH OEUPUFPSFEMSHOSCHNY TE YBAEIK NPNEOF. OP EEE CHYUETB RETETSYCHBCHYE LTYYU CH TEHMSHFBFE LBFBUFTPZHSCH, SING OBYUBMY FERETSH KHLTERMSFSHUS. yI PFDEMSHOSHE BMENEOFSHCH, CHUFKHRBS CH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, ZTHRRYTPCHBMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK, RTDETTSYCHBSUSH TBNPL RTETSOYI PFOPEOYK.

rTBCHDB, MYYICHYUSH LMYEOFKhTSCH RTEDNEFB UCHPYI ЪBVPF, B FBLCE CHPNPTSOPUFY ЪBOINBFSHUS LPNVIOBGYSNYY FPTZPCHBFSHUS YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, POY DKHNBMY Y DBCHBMY RPChPD DKHNBFSH, YuFP CHPTBEBAF US L YUUFSHCHN YUFPLBN UCHPEZP UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYS, FP EUFSH L YDEBMBN UPGYBMSHOPK URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY, LHMSHFH OBGYPOBMSHOSHI FTBDYG JK, RTPRPCHEDY UCHEFULPZP IBTBLFETB ZPUKHDBTUFCHB Y ZPTSUYN ITYUFYBOWLIN YUKHCHUFCHBN. yI UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE PTZBOYBGYY, PUOPCHBFEMSHOP PUYEEOOOSCH, IPFEMY, LBBMPUSH, FPMSHLP PDOPZP: OENEDMEOOOP CHEUFY UCHPK CHLMBD CH VPTSHVH, YURPMSHJHS FE YMY YOSCHE FEOD EOGYY PVEEUFCHEOOPZP NOEOYS. NETSDH FEN RPUMEDOEE OBUYOBMP PGEOYCHBFSH RP DPUFPYOUFCHH KHNEMSCHE DEKUFCHYS LFYI IPTPYP OBLPNSHI ENKH PTZBOYBGYK, FEN VPMEE YUFP POY PFTELBMYUSH PF UCHPYI RTETSOYI PYYVPL. oBLPOEG, ЪB RPCHEDEOYEN RBTFYKOSCHI DESFEMEK CHOINBFEMSHOP UMEDIMY UPAYOIL. дПВЫЧБСУШ ЕДЮФЧБ ОБГЙЙ, РТЙИПДИМПУШ УЮЙФБФШУС У ЖБЛФБНЬ. h UCHSY U LFYN S DBM nHMYOKH YOUFTHLGYA CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF CHCHEUFY CH UPCHEF, LPFPTSCHK RTEDRPMBZBMPUSH UPJDBFSH, DEMEZBFPCH PF RBTFYK OBTSDKH U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY TB ЪMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK uPRT PPFYCHMEOYS.

eUMY S TBUUUYFSHCHBM FBLYN RKhFEN DPVYFSHUS OELPFPTPZP EDYOUFCHB CH RPMYFYUEULPK VPTSHVE ŽHTBOGYY, FP FPZP TSE S IPFEM DPUFYUSH Y CH CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVE. h LFPN PFOPYEOYY RETCHBS FTHDOPUFSH RPTPTsDBMBUSH UBNYNY PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, LPFPTSCHE, UPЪDBCHBS VPECHSHCHE PFTSDSH, IPFEMY UPITBOYFSH OBD OYNY UCHPA CHMBUFSH. l ФПНХ ЦЕ, ЪБ ЮЛМАЮЕОЙЕН ОУЛПМШЛИЙ ЗПТОЩИ ЙМЙ ФТХДОППДПУФХРОШЧИ ТБКПОЧ, ЛФЙ ПФЦДШ НПЗМЙ УХЕЕУФЧПЧБФШ МЙЫШ Ч ЧЙДЕ НЕМЛИЙ ЗТРР. fBL VSHMP, CH YUBUFOPUFY, CH “NBLY”, ZDE ZHTNYTPCHBMYUSH ZTHRRRSCH RBTFYIBO CH PUOPCHOPN YI MADEK, HLMPOYCHYIUS PF PFRTBCHLY CH ZETNBOYA Y LPFPTSCHN RTYIPDIMPUSH ULTSHCHBFSHUS CH UEMSHULPK NEUFOPUFY. pF OYI RPFPNKH NPTsOP VSHMP PTSYDBFSH FPMSHLP RBTFYBOULPK CHPKOSHCH, LPFPTBS DBMB VSC CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSHE TEKHMSHFBFSCH, EUMY VSH YI TBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS UFBMY YU BUFSHA PVEEK UPZMBUPCHBOOPC VPTSHV SH. fBLYN PVTBJPN, RTEDPUFBCHMSS TBMYUOSCHN ZTHRRRBN CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH BCHFPOPNOP, OHTsOP VSHMP TBTEYYFSH RTPVMENKH, UPUFPSEKHA CH FPN, YuFPVSH UPEDYOYFSH YI NETSDH UP VPK U RPNPESH ZYVLPK, OP DEKUFCHO OOPK PTZBOYBGYY, RPDYYOSAEEKUS OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP NOE. fP RPJCHPMYMP VSH OBNEFIFSH DMS OI CH ŽHTNE RMBOB, UPZMBUPCHBOOPZP U UPAYOSCHN LPNBODPCHBOYEN, PVEYE ЪBDBUY, LPFPTSCHHE POY CHSHRPMOSMY VSC CH ЪBCHYUYNPUFY PF Y, CH YUBUFOPUFY, FPZDB, LPZDB PUHEEUFCHYF УС ОБЛПОЕГ (!) ЧЧУБДЛБ УПАПОШИ ЧПКЪЛ Ч ЕЧТПРЕ. с RPTHYUYM nHMYOKH DPVYFSHUS PF PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS LFPPZP BMENEOFBTOPZP CHBYNPDEKUFCHYS YI CHPEOOSCHI ZTHRR. noe RTYYMPUSH, PDOBLP, TsDBFSH OUEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH, RTETSDE YUEN KHDBMPUSH UPJDBFSH CH MYGE ZEOETBMB DEMEUFTOB LPNBODPCHBOIE FBKOPK BTNYY.

TsBO nKHMIO VSHM UVTPYEO ЗА RBTBYAFE ЗА AZ ZhTBOGYY CH OPYUSH ЗА RETCHPE SOCHBTS. x OEZP VSHMP NPE RTEDRYUBOYE, UPZMBUOP LPFPTPNH BY OBYUBMUS NPYN DEMEZBFPN CH OEPLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE NEFTPRPMYY U BDBUYEK PVEUREYUYFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCHYK TBOM YUOSHI ZTHRR uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. EZP RPMOPNPYYS RPFPNH OE NPZMY CH RTYOGYRE PURBTYCHBFSHUS. oP ENH RTEDUFPSMP PUHEEUFCHYFSH YI RTY NPEK RPDDETZLE. h UCHSY U LFYN VSHMP TEYEOP, YuFP YNEOOP PO SCHYFUS PE zhTBOGYY GEOFTBMSHOSCHN ЪCHOPN OBYI UCHSJEK -RTETSDE CHUEZP U ATSOPK ЪPOPK, B RP NETE CHNPTSOPUFY Y UECHETOPK; YuFP CH EZP TBURPTTSEOY VHDHF OBIPDIFSHUS UTEDUFCHB UCHSY; YuFP L OENH VHDHF RTYLTERMEOSCH OBIY UCHOSCH; ЮФП НА ВХДЕФ ПУЧЕДПНМЕО П РЕТЕВТПУЛЕ ОБЕЗП МЮОПЗП УПУФБЧБ, ЖТХЙПЧ, ЛПТТЕВРПОДЕОГЙЫЙ БОЗМЫЙЫ ПЕ ЖТБОГЯЙ ПВТБФОП; OBLPOEG, YuFP PO VKhDEF RPMKHYUBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, OBRTBCHMSENSHCHE OBNY DMS TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH NEFTPRPMYY. u LFYNY RPMOPNPYYSNY nKHMIO RTYUFKHRIM L DEMH.

rP EZP YOYGYBFYCHE, RPDDETTSBOOPK UOYH, THLPCHPDYFEMY PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH CHULPTE PVEYNY HUYMYSNY UPЪDBMY UCHPEZP TPDB UPCHEF, RTEDUEDBFEMEN LPPT PZP VShchM RTEDUFBCHYFEM SH oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB. h NBTFE POY PRHVMYLPCHBMY UPCHNEUFOKHA DELMBTBGYA RPD OBCHBOYEN “edYOBS VPTSHVB, EDYOSCHK THLPCHPDYFEMSH”, PVSJHSUSH PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCHYK Y ЪBSCHMSS, FP POY VPTAFUS RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN Z EOETBMB DE zPMMS. h DESFEMSHOPUFY TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK UFBM CHPGBTSFSHUS RPTSDPL. zPFPCHYMPUSH PVAEDYOOYE NETPRTYSFYK CH PFOPEYOYY CHPEOYBGYY RBTFYBOWLYI ZTHRR. h FP CE CHTENS U OBYEK RPNPESHA nKHMIO UPЪDBM RTY UCHPEK DEMEZBGYY GEOFTBMYPCHBOOSCH PTZBOSHCH.

fBL, OBRTYNET, "UMKHTSVB CHP'DKHYOSCHI NPTULYI PRETBGYK" RPMKHYUBMB OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP PF RPMLPCHOILB DECHBCHTEOB YOUFTHLGYY PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTYVSCHFYS Y PFRTBCHLY UBNPMEFPCH Y UHDHR. LBTSDSCHK NEUSG CH MKHOOSCHE OPYU UBNPMEFSH "MYUBODT" YMY VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY, CHEDPNSCHHE FBLYNY RYMPFBNY, LBL mPTBO Y MYCHTY-MECHEMSH, LPFPTSCHHE NBUFETULY URTBCHMSMYUSH U F YNY UNEMSHNY PRETBGYSNY, UPCHETYBMY R PUBDLY CH OBNEYOOOSCHY RHOLFBY. МАДИ, ЛПФПЦЧЕ РПУФПСООП ТЮЛЛПЧБМЙ УЧПЕК ЦЬОША, ПВЕУРЕЮЙЧБМЙ УЗОБМЫБГЯ, РТЙЕН ЙМЫ ПФРТБЧМЕОЙЕ РБУУБЦЫТПЧ Й ЗТХЪПЧ Й ПИТБОХ. yuBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH RTYOINBFSH LPOFEKOETSH, LPFPTSCHE UVTBUSHCHBMYUSH ЗА RBTBUAFBI CH KHUFBOPCHMEOOSCHI NEUFBI, RTSFBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH UPDETSBCHYEUS CH OYI ZTHYSHCH. "UMHTSVB TBDYP", LPFPTHA TsAMYFF PTZBOYPCHBM ЗА NEUFE, DEKUFChPChBMB FBLCE RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nHMYOB, RETEDBCHBS CH mPODPO Y RPMHYUBS PFFHDB ETSENEUSYUOP UPFOY, B FEN FSCHUSYU FEMEZTBNN, OERTETCHCHOP NEOSS NEUFPRPMPTSEOYE UCHPYI TBDYPUFBOGYK, PVOBTHTSEOOSHI RTPFYCHOILPN, Y CHPURPMOSS RP NETE CHPNPTSOPUFY UCHPY VPMSHYIE RPFETY. nHMYO UPJDBM FBLCE "VATP REYUBFY YOZHPTNBGYY" PE ZMBCHE U tsPTTSEN vYDP {181} , LPFPTSCHK DETTSBM OBU CH LHTUE TBMYUOSCHI OBUFTPEOYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY YOFEMMYZEOGYY, B FBLCE PVEEUFCHEOOSCHY RPMYFYUEULYI LTHZPCH. HYUTETSDEOOOSCHK RTY OEN "zMBCHOSCHK OBKHYOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYK LPNYFEF", CH LPFTPN TBVPFBMY vBUFYD, mBLPUF, DE nBOFPO, rBTPDY, FEFTSEO, lHTFEO, DEVTE, UPUFBCHMSM RTP ELFSCH ЗА VHDHEEE. vMPL-MEOE THLPCHPDYM RP RPTHYUEOYA DEMEZBGYY ZHJOBUPCHSHNYY PRETBGYSNYYY ITBOYM DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, RPMHYUEOOOSCHYY MPODPOB. fBLYN PVTBBPN, YUETE RPUTEDUFCHP nHMYOB, DETSBCHYEZP CH UCHPYI THLBY PUOPCHOSHE OIFY THLPCHPDUFCHB, DESFEMSHOPUFSH OBEZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB UFBMB DBCHBFSH RTBLFYUEULYE TE ЪХМШФБФШЧ. bFP RPDFCHETTSDBMY CH RETCHSCHHE CE NEUSGSHCH 1942 PYUECHYDGSHCH, RTYVSHCHBCHYE YJ ZhTBOGYY.

ч ЙИ ЮЮМЕ ВШХМ СЕНКИ. h PDOKH Ъ ZHECHTBMSHULYI OPUEK ON RTYCHE Ъ rBTYTSB UCHSLY DPLHNEOPCH DMS OBYI UMKHTSV, B NPEK TSEOE BBBMYA CH GCHEFPUOPN ZPTYLE, LHRMEOOKHA ЗА KHMYGE THBKBMSH. DESFEMSHOPUFSH EZP UEFI "lPOZHTETY oPFT-dBN" VSHMB CH RPMOPN TBZBTE.

OBRTYNET, OH PDYO Y OENEGLYI OBDCHPDOSHI LPTBVMEK OE RPKFY CH VTEUF, MTYBO, OBOF, TPYZhPT, MB-tPYEMSH, vPTDP YMY CHSHKFY PFFHDB VEЪ FPZP, YUFPVSH mPODPO OE VSH M PV LFPN PUCHEDPNMEO FEMEZTBNNPK. oh PDOP CHTBTSEULPE UPPTTHTSEOYE NPZMP VSHFSH RPUFTPEOP ЗА VETEZKH MB-nBOYB YMY ЗА bFMBOFYUEULPN RPVETETSSHE H YUBUFOPUFY, ЗА VBBI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL VEЪ FPZP, Shch EZP TBURPMPTSEOYE RMBO OE UFBMY UTBH TSE Y'CHEUFOSH OBN. lTPNE FPZP, TENY NEFPDYUEULY KHUFBOBCHMYCHBM UCHSY MYVP U DTHZYNY UEFSNY, MYVP U PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPK ЪPOSHCH, MYVP U LPNNHOYUFBNY. rPUMEDOYE, CHUFTEFYYYUSH U OIN OEBDPMZP DP PFYAEDB, RPTHYUYMY RETEDBFSH NOE, YuFP POY ZPFPCHSH RTYOBFSH NPE THLPCHPDUFCHP Y RPUMBFSH RPMOPNPYuOPZP RTEDUFBCHYFEMS mPOD ON CH NPE TBURPTTSEOYE.

h NBTFE CH mPODPO RTYVSHCHM OBFTY NEUSGB Y RTPCHEM U OBNY PYUEOSH RPMEЁОХА TBVPFH PDO YЪ THLPCHPDYFEMEK PTZBOYBGYY “PUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB” Y DPCHETOOPE MYGP RTPZHUPA ЪПЧ рЪП. h BRTEM OBU RPUEFYM NNBOAMSH D "BUFSHE, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHK TBOBOSCHNY RPTPELFBNY Y TBUYUEFBNY, Y S UYUYE OKHTSOSHN OBRTBCHYFSH EZP DP CHPCHTBEEOOYS PE ZhTBOGYA CH UPEDOOOOSHE FSCH, YUFPVSHCH BY CHOU FBN SUOPUFSH CH OELPFPTSCHHE CHPRPTUSCH, UCHSBOOOSCH U UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ъBFEN RTYEIBM vTPUUPMEF. {182} . НА VSHM RPMPO CHUSLIYI UBNSHCHUPLYI RPMYFYUEULYI YDEK, ZMKHVPPL ULPTVEM P UKHDSHVE ZhTBOGYY, CHCHETZOKHFPK CH LBFBUFTPZHKH, TsDBM PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS FPMSHLP PF "DEZPMYYNB", LPFPTSHCHK ON CHCHCHEM CH DPL FTYOH. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY BY SCYMUS PDOYN YI CHDPIOPCHYFEMEK OBUYEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH UFTBOE. OP PDOBTSDSCH, CHSHRPMOSS RPTHYUEOOPE ЪBDBOYE, vTPUUPMEF VSHM UICHBUEO CHTBZPN Y RPLPOYUYM TSYOSH UBNPKHVYKUFCHPN, OE OBDESUSH ЗА UCHPY UYMSCH. u RPUMBOYSNY PF OELPFPTSCHI RBTMBNEOFULYI DESFEMEK RTYVSHCHM FBLCE TPL, LPFPTSCHK CHRPUMEDUFCHYY VSHM BTEUFPCHBO Y HVYF. yЪ PLLLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOSH RTYEIBM rPMSH UYNPO, RPUMBOOSCHK "ZTBTSDBOULPK Y CHPEOOOPK PTZBOYBGYEK" DMS KHUFBOPCHMEOYS UCHSY. UYNPO U EZP ZPTSYUYN KHNPN Y IMPPDOPK TEYYNPUFSHA PLBBM uPRTPFYCHMEOYA VPMSHYE HUMKHZY. ОТ VSHHM KHVYF CHTBZPN OBLBOKHOYE PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. ОБЛПОЕГ, Ч mPODPO YYASCHYMY TSEMBOYE RTYEIBFSH ZHYMIR, yBTMSH chBMEO, CHSEOP, dBOYMSH NEKET Y DTHZIE.

nPY VEUEDSCH U FYNYY MADSHNYY, CH VPMSHYOUFCHE UCHPEN NPMPDSHNYY, RSHMLYNYY, OBUFPKYYCHSHNYY CH VPTSHVEY CH UCHPYI UFTENMEOSI, RPLBBBMY NOE, DP LBLPK UFEREOY VSHM DYULTEDYFYTPCHBO CH ZMBЪBI ZHTBOGKHPCH T ETSYN, UKHEEUFCHPCHBCHYYK CH UFTBOE CH NPNEOF LBFBUFTPZHSCH. dCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS VSHMP OE FPMSHLP CHURSHCHYLPK OBIYEK DP LTBKOPUFY PUMBVMOOOPK PVPTPPOSH. pOP RPTPTsDBMP FBLCE OBDETSDH ЗА PVPCHMEOYE. Eumi FPMSHLP UPRSTPFICHMEEEE OU TBOBRUMCHMYFUS RPUMA RPEDSHECH, NPTSOP VSHMP Obdesfshus, YuFP Pop Uthobzpn Zmkhvpley Rtepvtbbboykboy Chuke Uyutpley Khuimyk Obgyy. CHUFTEYUBSUSH U THLPCHPDYFEMSNY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS ЗА NPK RTYYSHCHCH, S DKHNBM, YuFP, NPTsEF VSHFSH, FE YI OYI, LFP PUFBOEFUS CH TSICHSCHI, PVTBKHAF CHPLTHZ NEOS TH LPCHPDSEEE SDTP DMS CHEMILY I UCHETYEOYK PE YNS PVEEEUEMPCHYUEULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI RTYOGYRPCH. OP LFP VSHMP VSH TEBMSHOP MYYSH RTY HUMPCHYY, YUFP, LPZDB NYOHEF PRBUOPUFSH, POY RPDYYOSFUS FPK DYUGYRMYOE KHNB Y YUKHCHUFCH, VEЪ LPFPTPK OYUEZP OE UDEMBEYSH Y LPPTBS URMPFIMB YI ЗА LFPF TB.

PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE, OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF, LPZDB S DPMTSEO VSCHM U UPZMBUYS CHUEZP uPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y PF UCHPEZP YNEOY RTPCHPZMBUYFSH GEMSH, L LPFPTPK NSCH UFTENYMYUSH. bFPK GEMSHA VSHMP PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE CH RPMOPN UNSHUME UMPCHB, FP EUFSH PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE LBL YUEMPCHELB, FBL Y TPDOYOSCH. с RTPCHPZMBUYM EE CH ZHTNE NBOYZHEUFB, RTYOSFPZP oBGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN RPUME FPZP, LBL PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y NPI RTEDUFBCHYFEMY PE ZhTBOGYY CHSHCHULBBMY P OEN UCHPE NOOYE. h NBOYZHEUFE С ЪБСЧМСМ, ЮФП, ТЕЙЧ ПФУФПСФШ УЧПВПДХ, ЮЕУФШ И ВЕЙПРБУОПУФШ ЖТБОГИЙ Ч НАЙТЕ РХФЕН ХОЙУФПЦЕОЙС ЧТБЗБ, НСЧ ОБНТЕХБЕНУС ЗБТБОФЫТПЧБФШ Й ЛБЦДПНКХ ХЪХ И ЛБЦДПК ЖТБОК ХЦЭОЛе, УНИОЧ ОЭДПУФПКОШЧК ТЦYН, RTY LPFPTPN NOPZIE ZTBTSDBOE VSHMY YI MYYESCH. fBLYN PVTBBPN, S PUKhTSDBM LBL "FPF NPTBMSHOSCHK, UPGYBMSHOSCHK, RPMYFYUEULYK Y LLPOPNYUEULIK TETSIN, LPFPTSCHK RBM PE CHTENS RPTBTSEOYS", FBL Y "TETSYN, LIYK CH TEJHMSHFBFE RTEUFKHROPK LBRYFHMSGY Y.” y С KHFCHETTSDBM: „pVAEDYOSSUSH DMS RPVEDSCH, ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD UPEDIOSEFUS DMS TECHPMAGYY.“ nBOYZHEUF VSHM PRHVMYLPCHBO 23 YAOS 1942 PE CHUEI RPDRPMSHOSCHI ZBEFBI PVEYI ЪPO Ъ Ъ Ъ Ъ РТДИП П ТБДИП Ъ ВТБЪБЧИМС, VEKTHFB І mPODPOB.

h LFPF RETYPD CHTENEY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN HUMPCHYS VPTSHVSC h NEFTPRPMYY CHSCHOKHTSDBMY NEOS PUFBCHMSFSH obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH mPODPOE. pDOBLP S YUBUFP DKHNBM P RETEOUEOOYY EZP DESFEMSHOPUFY ЗА ZHTBOGKHULHA FETTYFPTYA, OBRTYNET CH vTBЪBCHYMSH. ьFPF CHPRTPU CHUFBCHBM PUPVEOOOP PUFTP FPZDB, LPZDB CH OBUYI PFOPEYOYSI U BOZMYEK CHPOILBM LTYYU. ОП Ч ФБЛИЙ УМХЮБСИ С ПФЧЮБМ УЕВЕ: “lBL YI ZMHVYOSCH bZhtyly UOPUIFSHUS U TPDYOPK, ZPCHPTYFSH U OEK, THLPCHPDYFSH uPRTPPFYCHMEOYEN? b CHCHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, OBRTPFYCH, YNEAFUS CHUE OEPVIPDYNSCHE UTEDUFCHB UCHSYY YOZHPTNBGYY. l FPNH CE OBIY HUYMYS RP MYOYY DYRMPNBFYUEULYI PFOPYEOIK U UPAYOSHNY RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBNY FTEVPPCHBMY UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYI LPOFBLFPCH, PVUFBOPCHLY, LPFPTSCHE YNEMYUSH BOZMYKU LPK UFPMYGE Y LPFPTSCH I NSCH, LPOYUOP, VSHCHMY VSH MYYEOSCH ЗА VETEZBI lPOZP. oBLPOEG, S DPMTSEO VSHCHFSH RPUFPSOOP UCHSBO U FENY OBYNYYUBUFSNY, LPFPTSCHHE NPZHF DYUMPGYTPCHBFSHUS FPMSHLP OUT VTYFBOULYI PUFTPCBI.”

rППФПНХ Р ЧПЧТБЭОКИ У чПУФПЛБ С ХУФБОПЧОМ УЧПА TeYDEOGYA CH mPODPOE. fBN S RTPVSHHM DEUSFSH NEUSGECH.

с РТЪРПНЬОБА УЕКЮБУ УЦПА ЦЬОШ ФПЗП РЕТЙПДБ. oEFTHDOP RPCHETYFSH, YuFP POB VSHMB ЪBRPMOOOPK. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, S RPUEMYMUS CH ZPUFYOYGE “lPOOPF”. lTPNE FPZP, S UOYNBM UOBYUBMB CH MUNYTE (CH yTPRYYTE), ЪBFEN CH VETLINUFEDE VMY UFPMYGSH DBYUH, CH LPFPTPK RTPCHPDYM LBTSDHA UHVVPFKH Y CHULTEUEOSH U TSEOPK Y DPUETSHA bo OPK. rPTSE NSCH RETEEIBMY CH LCHBTFBM IBNRUFED CH mPOPOE. ZHYMYRR RPUME RPUFHRMEOYS CH NPTULHA YLPMH RMBCHBEF Y CHPAEF CH bFMBOFYUEULPN PLEBOE ABOUT VPTFC LPTCHEFB "tPYEMYU", B ЪBFEN ABOUT MB-nBOYE RPNPEOILPN LPNBODITB FPTREDOPZP LBF ETB "96". ьMYЪBVEF, TSYCHHEBS CH RBOUYPOBFE “dBN DE UYPO”, ZPFPCHYFUS L ЪBOSFYSN CH PLUZHTDE. rPCHUADH OBUEMEOYE FBLFYYUOP CHSTBTSBEF OBN UCHPY UINRBFYY. lBCDPE NPE PZHYGYBMSHOP RPSCHMEOYE CHUFTEYUBEFUS U CHPPDHYECHMEOYEN; BOZMYUBOE RTPSCHMSAF CHETSMYCHHA RTEDHRTEDYFEMSHOPUFSH, LPZDB CHYDSF NEOS U UENSHEK ЗА KHMYGE, CH LYOP YMY ЗА RTPZHMLE CH RBTLE. fBL ЗА UPVUFCHEOOPN PRSHCHFE S KHVETSDBAUSH CH FPN, YuFP LBTSDSCHK RTEDUFBCHYFEMSH LFPZP CHEMYLPZP OBTPDB KHCHBTsBEF UCHPVPDH DTHZYI.

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ChPF RPYUENH, ​​LPFPTSCHE NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN, OBIPDSFUS CH RPMOPN OBYEN TBURPTSSEOYY, OEBCHYUYNP PF YI RTPYUIPTSDEOOYS, IPFS POY CHUE RMBCHBAF RPD FTEIGCHEFOSCHN ZHMBZPN, PZHYGETSH Y LPNBODSH RPDYYOSAFUS FPMSHLP ZHTBOGKHJULYN KHUFBCHBN, IPFS POY CHSHCHRPMOSAF RTYLBYSH FPMSHLP UCHPYI OBUMSHOYLPCH, LPTPUYE ZPCHPTS, IPFS ЗА ZHMF PUFBEFUS YUUFP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHN, CHUE TSE, ЪB TEDLINE YULMAYUEOYEN, LPZDB NSCH YURPMSHJKHEN EZP OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP, BY RTOINBEF HYUBUFYE ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBЪPN CH PVEYI VP ECCHHI DEKUFCHYSI, RTPCH ПДЪНШИ БОЗМЮБОБНИ. chRTPYUEN, LFP YDEF ENH OUT RPMSHЪKH, FBL LBL PO CHLMAYUBEFUS CH UYUFENKH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOKHA RP VPEURPUPVOPUFY, DYUGYRMYOE, BLFYCHOPUFY. UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSCH BOZMYUBOE, PGEOYCHBS RP DPUFPYOUFCHH OBYKH RPNPESH, PLBYSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULYN CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN YTPLHA NBFETYBMSHOKHA RPDDETTSLH, YI BTUEOBMSCH UMHTSVSHCH DEMBAF CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YuFPVSH R TYCHPDYFSH CH RPTSDPL Y UOBVTSBFSH OBIY UKHDB, OEUNPFTS ЗА TBMYYUYE FYRPCH Y CHPPTHTSEOYS. OPCHSCHE NBFETYBMSHCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOSEF BOZMYKULYK ZHMPF, OENEDMEOOOP RPUFBCHMSAFUS Y OBYENKH ZHMPFKH. OPCHSCHE UKHDB: LPTCHEFSHCH Y LBFETB, RPTSE ZHTEZBFSCH, UNYOGSHCH, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY -RETEDBAFUS OBN RTSNP U CHETZHEK. eUMY OBY OEVPMSHYPK ZHMPF UNPZ UCHZTBFSH UCHPA TPMSH Y RPDDETTSBFSH YUEUFSH ZHTBOGKHULPZP PTHTSYS ЗА NPTSI, LFYN НА PVSBO LBL RPNPEY UPAJOILCH, FBL Y BUMHZBN OBYI NP TSLPCH.

s KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN LBTSDSCHK TB, LPZDB OBCHEEBA RPDTBDEMEOYS ZHMPFB CH ZTYOPLE, rPTFUNKHFE, lBKHUE, dBTFNHFE. hYUYFSHCHBS IBTBLFET VPTSHVSH, B FBLCE OEVPMSHYKHA YUYUMEOOPUFSH OBUYI NPTSLPC, NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN FPMSHLP NBMSCHE UHDB. oP FY LPTBVMY "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" U YUEUFSHA DEMBAF CHUE, YFP CH YI UIMBI.

rTETSDE CHUEZP NSCH CHPPTHTSYMY, LPOYUOP, UKHDB, LPFPTSCHHE RTYVSHCHMY YJ ZhTBOGYY. l CHUOE 1942 YI OBYI RFY RETCHSCHI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL PUFBAFUS “TAVI”, “NYOETCH”, “TSAOPO”, LPFPTSHCH OPTCHETSULYI, DBFULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPDBI BFBLHAF CHTBTSEULYE LPTBV MY, UVBCHSF NYOSHCH, CHUBTSYCHBAF DE УБОФЩ; "ОБТЧБМ" ЮЮЕЙ КХ нБМШФЩ Ч ДЕЛБВТЕ 1940 г.; "uATLHZH" VSHM RPFPRMEO CH ZHECHTBME 1942. lPOFTNYOPOPUGSH "fTYPNZHBO", "MEPOBT", NYOPOPUGSH "NEMSHRPNEO" Y "VHLMSHE" CH FEYOOYE OEULPMSHLYI NEUSGECH ULPTFYTPCHBMY LBTB CHBOSHCH bFMBOFYUEULPN PLEBOYE ​​​​CH MB-nBO YE. ъBFEN "fTYPNZHBO" VSHM PFRTBCHMEO ЗА fYIYK PLEBO, "mePRBT" RTYVSHHM CH ATSOKHA bZHTYLKH; RPTSE ON PUHEEUFCHMSM UCHSSH U PUFTPPCHPN TEAOSHPO Y OBLPOEG RPFETREM LPTBVMELTHYE OYE VMY fPVTHLB. "НЕМШРПНЕО" РЕТЕЙЕМ Ч УЕЧЕТОПЕ НПТЕ. “vHLMSHE” RTECHTBFYMUS CH PDYO YI OBIYI HYUEVOSCHI LPTBVMEK. yЪ OBUYI RSFY RPUSCHMSHOSHCHI UHDHR FTY, "UBCHPTOSHSO DE VTBJB", "lPNNBODBO dAVPL", "lPNNBODBO dPNYOE", LHTUYTHAF X VETEZPCH bZhTYLY; "nPLE" RPNPZBEF PITBOSFSH LPNNHOILBGYY CH YTMBODULPN NPTE; “ЕЧТЕК” РБФТХМЪТХЕФ Ч ПЛБОЙ, Ч ТБКПОЕ ОХНЕБ, Й РТЮПЕДЙОСЕФ 27 НБС 1942 Л “УЧПВПДОПК ЖТБОГИЙ” ПУФТПЧБ хПММЮ Й ЖАФАОБ. dChB FTBMSHAILB, "lPOZT" Y "MAUSHEO-tsBO", CHSHRPMOSAF UCHPY FTHDOSH PVSBOOPUFY ЗА RPDUFHRBI L BOZMYKULIN RPTFBN. DEUSFSH NPTULYI PIPFOILLPCH RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH RTYLTSHCHFYY UPAYYUEULYI FTBOURPTFPCH NETSDH lPTOHMMPN Y rB-DE-LBME. FERETSH YI FPMSHLP CHPUENSH, FBL LBL DCHB YI OYI VSHMY RPFPRMEOSCH. ВШМЫ ЧЧЕДЕОШ Ч УФТПК ЙЕУФШ РБФТХМШОШИ УХДПЧ: “рХМШНЫЛ”, ЪБФПОХЧЫК Х рМЫНХФБ Ч ОПСВТЕ 1940, “ЧЫЛЁЗ”, РПЗЫВЫК Ч ПФЛТСЧФПН НПТЕ Х ВЕТЕЗПЧ фТЫРПМЫФБОЙЫ Ч ОПСВТЕ 1 942, “чБКБО “, „rTEYDBO PODAU“, „tHO DE ZhMP“, РТДДПМЦБАЕИК ВПТПЪДЙФШ НПТС, "МЕПОЙМШ", ЮРПМШЪХАЕЙКУС Ч ЛБУЕУФЧЕ РМБЧХЮЕК ВБЩ ФПТЗПЧПЗП ЖМПФБ. ЧУРПНПЗБФЕМШОЩК ЛТЕКУЕТ "ЛБР ДЕ РБМШН" ЛХТУЙТЕФ НЕЦДХ УЙДОЕЕН Й ОХНЕБ. YuEFSHTE RMBCHHYUYE VBSHCH, "KhTBZBO", "bNSHEO", "bTTBU" Y "DYMICBOF", LPNRMELFHAF "NPTULKHA YUBUFSH" RPTFB zTYOPL Y VBH LYRBTSEK "vYT-iBLEKN" rPTFUNKHFB, Z DE PVHUBAFUS OBY NPTSLY. uFBTSHCHK VTPOEOPUEG "lHTV" CHSHRPMOSEF TPMSH HYUEVOPZP GEOFTB DMS TELTHFPCH, NBUFETULYI, ULMBDB VPERTYRBUPCH Y RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHYS. oBIPDSUSH ЗА SLPTE ЗА rPTFUNKHFULPN TEKDE, ОТ RPDDETSYCHBEF UCHPEK BTFYMMETYEK PVPTPOH bFPZP LTHROPZP RPTFS.

h UPUFBCH OBEZP OEVPMSHYPZP ZHMPFB CHIPDSF FBLCE LPTBVMY, RPMKHYUEOOOSCH X BOZMYUBO. bFP RTETSDE CHUEZP LPTCHEFSHCH, RPUFTPEOOOSCH RPUME OBYUBMB CHPKOSH DMS RTYLTSCHFYS LBTBCHBOPCH. fY LPTCHEFSH VEURTETSHCHOP PITBOSAF LPNNHOILBGYY NETSDH BOZMYEK, YUMBODYEK, OSHABHODMEODPN Y lBOBDPC. OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH DECHSFSH LPTCHEFPCH: “bMYUE”, RPZYYYK CH VPA CH NBTFE 1942, “NYNPJB”, ЪBFPOHCHYYK URKHUFS FTY NEUSGB CHNEUFE U OBIPDICHYYNUS ABOUT EZP VPTFKH LPNBODITPN MEZ LPK NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOPC DY CHYYY LBRYFBOPN 2-ZP TBZB VYTP, „bLPOIF“, „mPVEMYS“ , “тПЪЕМЮ”, “ТЕОПОЛАМШ” “lPNNBODBO D”fSHEO D”pTCh”, “lPNNBODBO dTPZH”, “lPNNBODBO deFTHBKB”. l YUYUMH RPMHYUEOOOSCHI OBNY UKHDPCH FBLCE PFOPUSFUS CHPUENSH FPTREDOSCHI LBFETPCH 28-K ZHMPFYMYY, VPTPJDSEYE ЗА VPMSHYPK ULPTPUFY MB-NBOY Y BFBLHAEYE CHTBTSEULYE FTBOURPT FSH Y LPTBVMY ULPTFSB, LPFPTSCHE РТПВЫТБАФУС ОПИУША ЧДПМШ РПВЕТЕЦШС ЖТБОГЙЙ. lTPNE FPZP, OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH CHPUENSH NPFPTOSHCHI LBFETPCH, PVTBKHAEYI 20-A ZHMPFYMYA, LPFPTBBS DEKUFCHHEF CH MB-nBOYE UPCHNEUFOP U OBYNYY PIPFoilbny ZhTBoGKhULPK LPOUFTHLGY Y. чРТПЮЕН, НЩ ЗПФПЧИНУС Л ЧППТХЦЕОЯ УПЧЕТЪЕООП ОПЧЩИ УХДХР. NOPZIE Y ZHTEZBFPCH, LPFPTSCHE OBYUYOBAF CHSHCHIPDYFSH YY BOZMYKULYI BTUEOBMPCH, UTBH TSE RPUME URKHULB ABOUT CHPDH RTEDPUFBCHMSAFUS CH OBUYE TBURPTSCEOYE UPAJOILBNY. NSHCH CHSMY YUEFSHTE YI OYI: “delkhchetf”, “bChBOFAT”, “uATRTY”, “lTHB DE mPTIO”. ъB OBNY PUFBCHMEOSCH FBLCE NYOPOPUEG "lPNVBFBO", RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY "LATY" Y "dPTYU", UFTPIFEMSHUFCHP LPFPTSCHI ЪBLBOYUYCHBEFUS. OBN IPFEMPUSH VSH RTYPVTEUFY Y DTHZYE LPTBVMY, LPFPTSCHHE HCHEMYYUMY VSC YUYUMP RPFPRMEOOOSHI OBNY CHTBTSEULYI RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL, FTBOURPTFPCH, UFPTPTSESCHSHHI UHDHR Y YUYUMP UVYFSHCHI OB NY UBNPMEFPCH. OP OBYB TPMSH Y TBENBI DEKUFCHYK PZTBOYUYCHBAFUS OE OEDPUFBFLPN UHDHR, B OEICHBFLPK MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB.

ХЦЕ Л ЯОА 1942 700 НПЦЛПЦ “УЧПВПДОПК ЖТБОГИЙ” РПЗЫВМЙ ЪБ ТПДЁХ. OBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH OBUYFSHCHBAF 3600 YUEMPCHEL RMBCHUPUFBCHB. l OIN CE OHTsOP PFOEUFY VBFBMSHPO UFTEMLPCH RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN bNYP D'OCHYMS, LPFPTSCHK OBNEOM DEFTKHBKB, RPZYVYEZP ОТНОСНО RPME VTBOY. OP-NPTULYI MEFUYULLPCH, LPFPTSCHE, OE YNEM CHPNPTSOPUFY PVTBPCHBF SH PFDEMSHOKHA YUBUFSH, UMHTSBF CH OBLPOEG, UADB CE PFOPUSFUS DEUBOFOP-DYGETENPOOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS, LPFPTSCHE PVHYUBAFUS CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOY RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN LBRYFBO-MEKFEOBOFB LYZHZHETB h NBE NEUSGE S RTYYYE L UPZMBYEOYA U BOZMY KULINE BDNYTBMPN MPTDPN nBHOFVFFEOPN {183} , PFCHEFUFCHEOOSCHN ЪB RTPchedeoye "LPNVYOTPCHBOOSHI PRETBGYK", PV KHUMPCHYSI YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS LFYI TCHHEYIUS CH VPK CHPKUL. ЧУЛПТЕ СИНГ РТЬОСМЫ ХЮБУФЬЕ Ч УНЕМШИ ОБМЕФБИ ЗА ЖТБОГХУЛПЕ РПВЕТЕЦШЕ.

oby MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH LPNRmelFPCHBMUS OBRPMPCHYOH YJ NPTSLPC, OBIPDICHYIUS CH 1940 ZPDH CH BOZMYY. h zBVPOE, ЗА VMYTSOEN chPUFPLE OELPFPTSCHHE RTYUPEDYOMYUSH L OBN RPUME FPZP, LBL UTBTSBMYUSH RTPPHYCH OBU. fBL VSHMP U LlYRBTSBNY RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "bSLU", ЪBФPOХCHYEK Х dBLBTБ, ЪBFPRMEOOPK UCHPYN LPNBODYTPN Х rPTF-tsBOFYMS, RPUSHMSHOPZP UKHDOB "vHZOCHYM" Ш, LPFPTPPE NSCHCHOCHTSDEOS CH VSHCHMY CHSHCHEUFY YJ UFTPS ЗА TEKDE MYVTECHYMS. chTENS PF CHTENEY L OBN RTYUPEDYOSAFUS PFDEMSHOSH LBDTTPCHSCHE NPTSLY, RTYVSHCHCHBAEYE YJ ZhTBOGYY, UECHETOPK bZHTYLYY, bMELUBODTYY, U BOFYMSHULYI PUFTPPCHCH, U dBMSHOEZP chPUFPPLB. h CHPEOOP-NPTULPC ZHMPF OBVYTBEFUS NBLUINBMSHOPE LPMYUUEUFCHP NMPDSCHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH YYUYUMB OBIPDSEYIUS H BOZMYY, BNETYLE, MECHBOFE, EZYRFE, ЗА PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET. oBLPOEG, FPTZPCHSCHE LPTBVMY RTEDPUFBCHMSAF CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN VPMSHYKHA YUBUFSH UCHPEZP RETUPOMBMB. UBNPC FSTSEMPK ЪBDBUEK DMS CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP LPNYUUBTYBFB SCHMSEFUS RPRPMOEOYE LPTBVMEK LPNBODOSHCHN UPUFBCHPN. EZP RTYIPDIFUS LPNRMELFPCHBFSH YI UBNSCHHI TBMYUOSCHI, ЪBYUBUFHA OERPDZPFPCHMEOOOSCHI MADEK, OE UYYFBSUSH U YI UREGYBMSHOPUFSHA. x OBU NBMP LBDTPCHSHCHI PZHYGETPCH. НЩ ПУРПМОСЕН ЙИ ОЕДПУФБУКХ ЪБ УУЕФ ПВХЮЭОЙС НПМПДЕТСИ. rPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN LBRYFBOPC 2-ZP TBZB ChYFYEMS Y ZEKTBMS, RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBCHYI “YLPMSHOSHCHN PFDEMPN”, NPTULBS YLPMB “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” TBCHETFSHCHBEF B LFYCHOKHA TBVPFKH ABOUT VPTFKH "r TE'IDBO FEPDPT FYUSHE" Y YIKHO "fHBMSH" Y "VEMSH rKHMSH". ъB YUEFSHTE CHSHCHRKHULB POB DBMB 80 LBODYDBFPCH ЗА PZHYGETULYK YUYO. CHUE UCHPY URPUPVOPUFY PFDBMY ZHTBOGKHULPNH CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH ZHMPFKH LFY MADI, ЪBLBMEOOSCH U UBNPZP OBYUBMB ZPTEUFSHA, VYFCHBNY Y OBDETSDBNY. U DTHZPK UFPTPOSH, NSCH YYTPLP YURPMSHKHEN CH OBUYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI UIMBI LBDTSH PZHYGETPCH EBRBUB, LPFPTSCHI VETEN U FPTZPCHSHHI LPTBVMEK Y YY UTEDSH RETUPOMBMB uHGLPZP LB OBMB. dCHEUFY LBODYDBFPCH, OBVTBOOSHI FBLYN PVTBBPN, RTPUFPSF ЗА CHBIFE ЗА VPTFCH ZHTEZBFPCH, LPTCHEFPC, LBFETPCH Y FTBMSHEYLPCH CH PVEEK UMPTSOPUFY VPMEE NYMMYPOB YUBUPCH.

oEUNPFTS ЗА LFY UPLTBEEOYS CH MYUOPN UPUFBCHE, YUBUFSH ZHTBOGKHYULPZP FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB, OBIPDSEBSUS CH MBZETE UPAYOLPCH, PLBSCCHBEF YN OBYUYFEMSHOHA RPNPESH. йЪ 660 RBUUBTSYTULYI FPZPCHSCHI CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 2700 FSCHUSYU FPOO, LPFPTSCHHE RTYOBDMETSBMY ZHTBOGYY CH OBYUBME CHPKOSHCH, 170 LPTBVMEK CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 700 FSHUS Yu FPOO VHDHF RP-RTETSOENH HYUBU FCHPCHBFSH CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI RPUME ЪBLMAYUEOYS "RETENYTYS". ObyB UMKHTSVB FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nBMZMCHB Y VEOTsBOB, B RPJDOEE UNEKETUB Y BODAU-ZhBTYYB LPNRMELFHEF ZHTBOGKHULYY LYRBTSBNY VPMSHYPE YUYUMP UHDHR. lTPNE FPZP, LFB UMKHTSVB KHYBUFCHHEF H HRTBCHMEOYY OBYNYY UKHDBNY, OBIPDSEYNYUS H BOZMYUBO; CH LFPN UMKHYUBE TSDPN U BOZMYKULIN ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHN ZHMBZPN ЗА LPTNE YMY ЗА NBYUFE LPTBVMEK-YZOBOOYLPCH TBCHECHBEFUS FTEIGCHEFOSCHK ZHMBZ. ъB LFPF RETYPD OBNY VSHMY PUOBEEOP 67 FPTZPCHSЩИ UHDHR CHPDPY'NEEEOYEN CH 200 FSCHUSYU FPOO. dCHBDGBFSH YЪ OYI NSCH RPFETSMY. л ЧУОЕ 1942 ЙЪ ПВЕЕЗП ЮЮМБ 580 ПЖЙГЕТПЧ Й 4300 НБФТПУПЧ ФПТЗПЧПЗП ЖМПФБ ВПМЕЕ ЮЕФЧЕТФЙ РПЗЫВМП ЗА НПТЕ.

rBUUBTSYTULYE UKHDB BOINBAFUS RETECHPLPK CHPKUL. fBL, “YMSH DE ZhTBOU”, “ZHEMYLU TKHUUEMSH”, “rTEYDBO rPMSH DHNET” DPUFBCHMSAF ЗА CHPUFPL VTYFBOULYE RPDLTERMEOYS YBCHUFTBMYYYYODYY. fTBOURPTFOSCHE UKHDB, RETECHPЪSEYE USCHTSHE, PTHTSIE, VPERTYRBUSCH, RMBCHBAF PVSHYUOP CH UPUFBCHE LBTBCHBOPCH. yOPZDB OELPFPTSHN YI OYI RTYIPDIFUS RETEUELBFSH PLEBO CH PJOPYULH. fY UKhDB OYLPZDB OE ЪBDETTSYCHBAFUS DPMZP CH RPTFH, ZDE YUBUFP RPDCHETZBAFUS VPNVBTDYTPCHLBN. h PFLTSCHFPN NPTE UMHTSVB KhFPNYFEMSHOB Y PRBUOB. rTYIPDYFUS VSCHFSH OBYUELKH DOEN Y OPYUSHA, UFTPZP UPVMADBFSH YOUFTHLGYY, RPUFPSOOP ЪBOINBFSH UCHPY RPUFSH RP VPECHPK FTECHPZE. YuBUFP RTYIPDYFUS HYUBUFCHPCHBFSH H VPSI, UFTEMSFSH YPTHDYK, NMOYEOPUOP NBOECHTYTPCHBFSH, YuFPVSH YVETSBFSH FPTREDSH YMY VPNVSH. uMHYUBEFUS, YuFP UKHDOP RPZTHTSBEFUS Ch CHPDKH Y FSH PLBSCHCHBEYSHUS CH IMPPDOPK, RPLTSCHFPK NBUMSOSHNY RSFOBNY CHPDE, B TSDPN FPOKHF FPCBTYEY. UMHYUBEFUS FBLCE, YuFP FSH YURSHCHFSHCHBEYSH PZTPNOKHA TBDPUFSH, RTYUHFUFCHHS RTY RBDEOY CHTBTSEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB YMY OBVMADBS RSFOP NBHFB RTYOBL FPOH EEK RPDCHPDOPK MPDLY CHTBZB. yOPZDB FSCH UBN VSHCHBEYSH LFPNH RTYUYOPK, LBL LFP VSHMP U RTPUFSHCHN ZTHJPCHSHCHN UKHDOPN "zhPTF-VEOCE", LPFPTPPE CH NBE 1942 H PFLTSCHFPN NPTE KHOSHAZHBKHODMEODB RPFPRYMP OENE GLHA RPCHPDOHA MPDLH.

pDOBTDSCH CH MYCHETRKHME BDNYTBM UT RETUY OPVMSH, LPNBODHAYK RETEDCHYTSEOYSNYY VPECHSHNY DEKUFCHYSNY LPTBVMEK ABOUT CHUEN BFMBOFYUEULPN FEBFTE CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, RTYZMBUY M NEOS ABOUT UCHPK LPNBODOSHCHK RHOLF, TBURPMP ЦЕООЩК Ч ВЕФПОЙТПЧБООПН РПДЕНОПН ХВЕЦИЕЕЕ. ЗА VPMSHYI NPTULYI LBTFBI, TBCHEYOOOSCHI RP UFEOBN, PVPOBYUBMPUSH RPUFPSOOP NEOSAEEUS TBURMPMPTSEOYE CHUEI LBTBCHBOPC UPAYOILCH, CHUEI CHPEOOSCHI LPTBVMEC, CHUEI UBNPMEFPCH , CHSHRPMOSAEYI VPECHSHCHE ЪBDBUY, BFBL CE KHUFBOPCHMEOOOSCH YMY RTEDRPMBZBENSHE RPIYGYY ZETNBOULYI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL, UBNPMEFPCH, TEKDETPC. GEOFTBMSHOBS FEMEZHPOOBS UFBOGYS, UCHSBOOBS U CHOEYOINY MYOSNY, U TBDIPUFBOGYSNY, YYZhTPCHBMSHOSCHNY VATP Y PVUMKHTSYCHBENBS OECHPYNHFYNSCHN TSEOULIN RETUPOBMPN ZHPOUFLBNY, UFEOPZTBZHYUFLBNY, TBUUSCHMS HOSHCHNY, RPYUFY VEUYKHNOP RETEDBEF RTYLBYSHCH, RPTHYUEOYS, UPPVEEOYS LPNBODPCHBOYS DBMELYN NPTULINE BDTEUBFBN Y RP RPM HUEOYS PFCHEFSH RPUMEDOYI. CHUE ZHYLUYTHEFUS ЗА UCHEFSEYIUS FBWMYGBI. fBLYN PVTBBPN, CHEMYUBKYBS VYFCHB ЗА LPNNHOILBGYSI RTEDUFBEF PE CHUEI UCHPYI RETYREFYSI.

TBUUNPFTECH CHUE CH GEMPN, С RETECHPTSKH CHZMSD ЗА LBTFSHCH, ТУК PVPOBYUEOSCH ОБЩО. с CHYTSKH YI CH RPDPVBAEYI NEUFBI, FP EUFSH FBN, ZDE POY OBYVPMEE CHUEZP DPUFPKOSH OZTBDSHCH. yN RP ŽJYTH RETEDBEFUS RTYCHEFUFCHYE ZMBCHSHCH "UChPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". OP ЪBFEN, PUPЪOBCHBS, LBL YUYUMEOOP OECHEMILY POY RP UTBCHOYA U YOPUFTBOOSCHNY UYMBNY, CH LPFPTSCHHE POY CHIDDSF, CURPNYOBS, YuFP FBN, CH FHMPOE, lBUBVMBOLE, bMELUBODTYY ZhPT- DE-zhTBOUE, dBLBTE, VE'DEKU FCHHAF ZHTBOGKHULYE LPTBVMY, RPOINBS, LBLHA YUFPTYYUEULHA CHPNPTsOPUFSH RTEDPUFBCHMSEF LFB CHPKOB NPTULPNKH RTYYCHBOYA ZhTBOGYY, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, LBL NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF ZTKHUFSH, Y S RPLYDBA RPDYENOPE KHVETSIEE U FSCEMSCHN UETDGEN.

BOBMPZYUOPE YUKHCHUFCHP RTYNEYYCHBEFUS L NPEK ZPTDPUFY, LPZDB S CHUFTEYUBAUSH U OBYNY MEFUYILBNY ЗА FPK YMY YOPK BOZMYKULPK VBJE. ChYDS CHUE YI DPUFPYOUFCHB Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, DKHNBS P CHUEN FPN, YuFP NPZMB VSH UDEMBFS ZHTBOGKHULBS BCHYBGYS U VB CH OBEK UECHETOPK bZHTYLE, ЗА VMYTSOEN chPUFPLE YMY CH YY, EUMY VSC EK DBMY CHPNPTSOPUF SH UTBTSBFSHUS, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, YuFP CHEMILPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE VPZBFUFChP TBUIPDHEFUS RP-RHUFPNKH. OP LFP ЪBUFBCHMSEF NEOS EEE VPMSHYE FTHDYFSHUS OBD FEN, YUFPVSH HUYMYS FAIRIES, LFP UNPZ RTYUPEDYOYFSHUS LP NOE, VSHMY ЪBOUEOSCH ОТНОСНО UUEF ZhTBOGYY. eUMY S RP CHRPMOE RPOSFOSHN RTYUYOBN PFDBM TBURPTTSEOYE, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFYUILY, MEFBAEYE U BOZMYKULYI VB ABOUT BOZMYKULYI UBNPMEFBI, CHIPDAYMY CH UYUFENKH BOZMYKULPK BCHYBGYY, F P S CHUE-FBLY UFTENYM US FBLCE L FPNKH, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFUILY RTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK EDYOPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE GEMPE. lFP VSHMP OEMEZLP UDEMBFS. uOBYUBMB OBUY UPA'OILY UPCHETYOOOP OE ЪBVPFYMYUSH PV BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY." yUIPDS YЪ RTBLFYUEULYI UPPVTBTTSEOYK Y OEDPUFBFLB READING, POY RTYOINBMY CH UCHPY YUBUFY OELPPTTSCHI OBUYI RYMPFPCH. OP EDYOUFCHEOOP, YuFP POY NPZMY OBN RTEDMPTSYFSH, LFP CHLMAYUYFSH OBUYI DPVTPCPMSHGECH CH lPTPMECHULYE CHPDKHYOSCHE UYMSCH. с OE рафинерия U LFYN UPZMBUIFSHUS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPMPTSEOYE OBYI MEFYUYLPCH PUFBCHBMPUSH RPYUFY CH FEYOOYE ZPDB OEPRTEDEMEOOSCHN. oELPFPTSCHE YЪ OYI, PVAEDYOOOSCH PE ŽHTBOGKHULYE ULBDTYMSHY, NPZMY KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH CHPDHYOSCHI VPSI CH UTYFTEE Y MYCHYY. dTHZYE, CHTEOOOP RTYOSFSHCHE CH BOZMYKULYE ULBDTYMSHY, KHYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH VYFCHE ЪB BOZMYA. OP VPMSHYOUFCHP YЪ-ЪB OEDPUFBFLB NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFY, FTEOYTPCHLY YYOSCHCHBMY PF VEDEKUFCHYS ЪB RTEDEMBNY BCHYBGYPOOSCHI VB CH BOZMYY YEZYRFE.

оП Й ФБ РТПВМЕНБ ВШМБ Ч УЧПА ПЮЕТЕДШ ТЕЕОБ. ЧЕУОПК 1941 С УНПЗ ТЕЙЙФШ РТЙОГЫРЫБМШОЩ ЧПРПТУЩ У БОЗМЫКУЛИН НЬОЮФТПН БЧЫБГЙЙ УТПН бТЮЙВБМШДПН уЙОЛМЕТПН. yuEMPCHEL YYTPLLPZP KHNB Y VMBZPTPDUFCHB, BY RPOINBM, UFP UKHEEUFChPCHBOYE BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY" OE MYYEOP RPMSHSHSH. BY UPZMBUYMUS U NPYN RTEDMPTSEOYEN P UPЪDBOY OBUYI ULBDTYMYK RP PVTBGH BOZMYKULYI. BOZMYUBOE RTEDPUFBCHMSMY OBN OEDPUFBAEIK OBENOSCHK RETUPOBM Y PVKHYUBMY CH UCHPYI YLPMBI OBUYI MEFUYLPCH. yjMYYYEL OBYI RYMPFPCH Рафинерия UMHTSYFSH CH BOZMYKULYI YUBUFSI. OP SING DPMTSOSCH VSHMY OBIPDIFSHUS ABOUT RPMPTSEOYY PFLPNBOYTPCHBOOSCHI ZHTBOGHYULYI PZHYGETPCH, RPDYUYOOOSCHY ZHTBOGKHULYN KHUFBCHBN Y OPUSEYI ZHTBOGHYULHA ZHTNKH. 8 ЯОС 1941 С ОБРЮБМ ЙЪ ЛБЙТБ УТКХ бТЮЙВБМШДХ РЮШНП, РПДФЧЕТЦДБС УПЗМБЁЙЕ, ЧСТБВПФБООПЕ ЗА ЛФЙИ ПУОПЧБИ РПМЛПЧОИЛПН хБМЕОПН. u FAIRY RPT LFP UPZMBYYE OEHLPUOYFEMSHOP UPVMADBMPUSH NBTYBMBNY BCHYBGYY rPTFBMPN CH mPODPOE, mPOZ-NTPPN, ЪBFEN feddetpn ЗА chPUFPLE.

h LPOGE 1941 NSCH UPЪDBMY CH BOZMYY ULBDTYMSHA YUFTEVYFEMEK "YMSH DE ŽTBOU" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN UYFYCHP. lPZDB PO VSHHM UVYF OBD ŽHTBOGYEK, PFLKHDB, CHRTPUEN, PO CHETOHMUS, EZP ЪBNEOYM daretsche. ЗА DTHZPK DEOSH RPUME LBNRBOY CH UYTYY CH EZYRFE VSHMB UZhPTNYTPCHBOB ULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU", LPFPTBS UTBSBMBUSH UOBYUBMB CH MYCHY RPD LPNBODPCH BOYEN rKHMYZEOB, B ЪBFEN RETEDYUMPGYTPCHBMBUS H CH BOZMYA, ZDE PE ZMBCHE EE CHUFBM nHYPFF {184} , RPZYVIYK ОТНОСНО UMEDHAEIK ZPD CH VPA U CHTBZPN. h MECHBOFE PTZBOY'HEFUS ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mPFBTYOZYS" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN rYCP. bFPF RPUMEDOYK, UVYFSHCHK URKHUFS OUEULPMSHLP OEDEMSH OBD CHBTCEULPK FETTYFPTYEK, UKHNEM DPVTBFSHUS DP UCHPYI Y DEUSH KHNET. ЕЗП ЙБНЕОСЕФ лПТОЙМШПО-нПМЬОШЕ. dMS RPDDETTSLY OBUYI PRETBGYK CH UBIBTE CH TBKPOE PIETB uBD PTZBOYPCHBOB UNEYBOOBS ULBDTYMSHS "vTEFBOSH" PE ZMBCHE U UES-RETEЪPN. ЧЕУОПК 1942 УПВТБОШ ЮБУФША Ч МПОДПОЕ, ЮБУФШ Х ТЕКБЛЕ МЕФУЮЛЪ, ЛПФПТЩЕ РПЦЕ УПУФБЧСФ Ч ТПУУЙ УЛБДТЪМША, Б ЪБФЕН РПМЛ "опТНБОДИС". bFPK YUBUFSHHA RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBMY FAMBO, mYFFPMSHZH, B RPUME YI UNETFY rHKBD. oBLPOEG, OELPFPTSCHE YI OBUYI RYMPFPCH RETEDBOSHCH RP NPENKH RTYLBYH CH TBURPTSTSEOYE LPTPMECHULYI CHPDHYOSCHI UYM. nPTME, ZEKPMSH, ZEDC LPNBODHAF FBN ULBDTYMSHSNY. dChPE RPUMEDOYI RPZYVOKHF CH VPA. UMBChB UFPYF DPTPZP CH CHP'DKHYOSCHI UTBTSEOYSI. rPFETY BCHYBGYY “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” CH DCHB TBBB RTECHSHUIMY YUYUMEOOPUFSH DEKUFCHHAEEZP MEFOPZP UPUFBCHB.

pDOBLP EUMY NYTPCHPK IBTBLFET CHPKOSHCHCHOCHTSDBM NEOS RPUFHRBFSH FBL, YUFPVSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH RTOYINBMY KHUBUFYE CH VPSI ABOUT CHUEI FEBFTBI CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, ZMBCHOPE KHUIM YE S UFBTBMUS ULPOGEOFTYTPCH BFSH CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE CH TBKPOE, CH LPFPTPN OBYVPMEE VSHMB ЪBYOFETEUCHBOB ŽHTBOGYS. HOYUFPTSYCH YFBMSHSOULHA BTNYA CH YJYPRYY, RTEZTBDYCH OENGBN DPTPZH CH UYTYA, UBDHYYCH CH OBTPDSCHYE RPRSHFLH CHYY CHCHUFKHRYFSH RTPPFYCH UCHPVPDOPK ZHTBOGKHULPK bZHTYL Y, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHMY OBYUB FSH DEKUFCHYS CH MYCHYY.

ч ОПСВТЕ 1941 БОЗМЮБОЕ РТЕДРТЬОСМЪ ЪДЕУШ ЕЕЕ ПДОП ОБУФХРМЕОЙЕ. eUMY VSC YN KHDBMPUSH DPUFYUSH ZTBOYGSCH fHOYUB, DMS OBU CHBTsOP VSHMP VSC RTYKFY FHDB CHNEUFE U OYNY, PLBBCH YN RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP RPNPESH CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. еUMY TSE, OBPVPTPF, CHTBZH HDBMPUSH VSH PFVTPUIFSH YI, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY VSH UDEMBFSH CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YUFPVSH RPNPYUSH YN PUFBOPCHYFSH RTPPFYCHOILB, RTETSDE YUEN ON CHPTCHEFUS EZ YREF. h MAVPN UMKHYUBE NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHMY RTYMPTSYFSH NBLUINKHN KHUIMYK, OP UPITBOIFSH UCHPE UPVUFCHOOPE MYGP, U FEN YUFPVSH PDETSBFSH RPVEDH, RPMEYOKHA DMS zhTBOGYY.

NSH NPZMY DEKUFCHPCHBFSH DCHPSLP: OBYUBFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PF PETB UBD ЗА ZHEGGBO UYMBNY UBIBTULPK LPMPOOSCH, DBCHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOOPK melMETLPN, MYVP CHLMAYUYFSH CH BOZMYKULPE MEOYE CH MYCHYY RPDCHYTSOSCHE UYMSCH , UFPSEYE OBZPFPCHE CH MECHBOFE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN mBTNYOB. с TEYM PUHEEUFCHYFSH PVB CHBTYBOFB, OP FBL, YUFPVSH DEKUFCHYS OBUYI UPMDBF RTYOEUMY RTSNHA RPMSHЪKH ZTBOGYY.

ъBICHBF ZHEGGBOB Y RPUMEDHAEIK NBTY OUT FTYRPMY RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK PRETBGYA, UPRTTSSEOOKHA U VPMSHYYN TYULPN. еUMY VSH POBO OE KHDBMBUSH, ITS DPMZP OECHPNPTSOP VSHMP VSC CHPPVOPCHYFSH YI-YB OEVSHCHBMSHHI FTHDOPUFEK, UCHSBOOSCHI U ZHPTNYTPCHBOYEN, UBTSCEOYEN Y UOBVTSEOYEN LPMPOOSCH TBKP OE PETB uBD. bFB LPMPOOB DPMTSOB VSHMB DEKUFCHPCHBFSH CHUENY UYMBNY FPMSHLP FPZDB, LPZDB BOZMYUBOE, CHOPCHSH PCHMBDECH LITEOBYLPK, CHYMY VSHCH FTYRPMYFBOYA. h RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POB DPMTSOB VSHMB PZTBOYUYFSHUS FEN, YuFP VEURLPYMB VSC YFBMSHSOGECH, UPCHETYBS ZMHVPLYE Y VSCHUFTSCHE TEKDSCH.

в DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, S IPFEM, YuFPVSH "ZHTPOF yuBD" EUMY NPTsOP FBL OBCHBFSH TSD RP OEPVIPDYNPUFY TBTPЪOOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK PUFBCHBMUS ZHTBOGKHULYN ZHTPOFPN. ВЕХУМПЧОП, ОБЮБМП ОБЬЕК УБИБТУЛПК ПРЕТБГЫЙ ДПМЦОП ВШМП ВЩФШ УПЗМБУПЧБОП У ДЧИЦЕОЙЕН 8-К БОЗМЫКУЛПК БТНЫЙ. lFP ЪBCHYUEMP PF UCHSY U lBYTPN. OPCH PUFBMSHOPN MELMETL RPDYUYOSMUS VSH FPMSHLPNOE CHRMPFSH DP FPZP DOS, LPZDB, UPEDYOYCHYYUSH ABOUT RPDUFHRBI L UTEDYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNY UPAYOILBNY, PO, EUFEUFCHEOOP, DPMTSEO VSHCHM V SCH RPUFHRIFSH CH YI TBURPTSCEOYE. bFB BCHFPOPNYS VSHMB NOE FEN VPMEE DPTPZB, YuFP ЪБЧПЭЧКОЕ ЖЭГБОП СХИМПУШ ВШЧ OBYI THLBI ЪBMPZPN RTY RPUMEDHAEEN TEEOOY UHDSHVSH MYCHYY.

h FEYUEOYE OPSVTS-DELBVTS BOZMYUBOE, CHEDS PTSEUFPYUEOOOSCH Y FTSEMSHHE VPY, RTPOILMY CH LITEOBYLH. pTsYDBS YI CHUFKHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYA, melmetl, RPDDETTSBOOSCHK ZEOETBMPN UETTPN, LPFPTSCHK VSHM FPZDB ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIN CHPKULBNY CH uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGKHULPK bZhTYLE, PCHYMUS L OBUFHRMEOYA ЗА ZHEG GBO. YuFP LBUBEFUS NEOS, S CH LFPN CHPRTPUE OE VSHM OBUFTPEO PRFYNYUFYUOP.

ЪОБС, ЮФП тПННЕМШ УХНЕМ ЧЧЧБФШУС ЙЪ БОЗМЫКУЛИЙ ФЮЛПЧ Й ЮФП РПУМЕ ПФЪСЧБ ЧЕКЗБОБ ЙЕЧЕТОПК бЖТЫЛЫ УПЗМБЫЕ ОЙЕ ЗЫФМЕТ -дБТМБО ДБЧБМП ЧПНПЦОПУФШ РТППФЙЧОИЛ Х РПМХЮБФШ УОБВЦЕОЙЕ ЙФХО YUB, S OE TBUUYUYFSHCHBM ЗА VSHUFTPE RTDPDCHYTSEOYE UPAYOLPCH L fTYRPMY. oBRTPFYCH, NOE LBBBMPUSH VPMEE CHETPSFOSCHN LPOFTOBUFHRMEOYE RTPFPYCHOILB. rPPFPNH, TBBTÉIBS RPDZPFPČLH L OPUFHRMÉOY, SČPʺDÉTCYČBMUS OBYUYFSH FPYuOSCHK UTPL EZP OBYUBMB. fBL LBL, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NYUUYS UCHSY, LPFPTHA melMETL RPUMBM ch lBYT, VShchMB RPUFBCHMEOB CH FBLYE HUMPCHYS, YuFP POB VSHMB CHSCHOKHTSDEOB UPZMBUYFSHUS ОТНОСНО RPDYOOYE VTYFBOUL PNH LPNBODPCHBOYA, S HLBЪB M ZEOETBMH YUNEA, YuFP S OB LFP OE UPZMBUEO, Y TBYASUOIM RTEDUFBCHYFEMSN NYUUYY YI ТПМШ .

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, OBY UPAYOILY OE CHUFHRYMY CH FTYRPMYFBOYA. RETCCHHE NEUSGSHCH 1942 VSCHMY DMS PVEYI UFPTPO RETYPDPN UFBVYMYYBGYY. u LFPPZP ЧЕТЕНЕ OBLY CHKULB CH TBKPOE PUETB uBD NPZMY FPMSHLP UPCHETYBFSH CURRENT OBMEFSCH, MY MELMETLKH OE FETREMPUSH OBOSFSHUS LFYN. 4 ЖЕЧТБМС С ДБМ УЧПЕ УПЗМБУЙЕ. ОТ UDEMBM LFP CH FEYEOYE NBTFB, RTPKDS UP UCHPYNYY PECHSHCHNYYUBUFSNYY, RPDDETSBOOSCHNYY UBNPMEFBNYY, YuETE ZHEGGBO, TBTHYBS NOPZYE CHTBTSEULYE RPUFSHCH, ЪBICHBFSHCHBS N OPZPYUYUMEOOSCHY Y FTP ДЖЕЙ. ъБФЭН PO CHETOHMUS ЗА UCHPA VBH, RPOEUS OEOBYUYFEMSHOSH RPFETY. YuFPVSH TBUYTYFSH NBUYFBVSH Y CHPNPTSOPUFY DEKUFCHYK LFPPZP YULMAYUYFEMSHOP URPUPVOPZP CHPEOBYUBMSHOILB, S OBYUM EZP CH BRTEME LPNBODHAEIN CHUENY CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY UYMB NY uCHPVPDOPK zhtboghkulpk bzhtyly. th ЗА LFPF TB NOE RTYYMPUSH RTEPDPMEFSH RTPFEUFSCH, CHCHCHBOOSCH EZP YUTENTOPK ULTPNOPUFSH. y LFPPZ CHTENEY BY UBN Y EZP ChPKULB RPYUKHCHUFCHBMY UEVS DPUFBFPYuOP UIMSHOSCHNY, YUFPVSH ЪBICHBFYFSH PBYUSCH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY VHDHF CH VMBZPRTYSFOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY. pDOBLP YN RTYYMPUSH PTSYDBFSH EEE DPMZYI DEUSFSH NEUSGECH CH KHTSBOOKHA CBTH UTEDY ULBM Y REULPCH, RTETSDE YUEN POY PDETSBMY RPVEDH Y UNSHMY OBLPOEG U EVS RSCHMSH UTEDYENOPN NPTE.

OP EUMY CH TBKPOE PYTB UBD OBN RTYYMPUSH PFFSZYCHBFSH TEYBAEIK HDBT, FP CH LITEOBYLE RTEDUFBCHMSMBUSH DPMZPTsDBOOBS CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPLBJBFSH, ЗА YFP NSCH URPUPVOSH. pDOBLP OBN RTEDUFPSMP RTEPDPMEFSH NOPZP RTERSFUFCHYK, RTETSDE YUEN NSCH DPVYMYUSH UPZMBUYS UPAJOYLPCH ЗА KHYUBUFYE LTHROSH ZHTBOGKHULYI UPEDYOEOYK CH VPECHSHI DEKUFCHYSI CH LFPN TBKPE.

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, DCHE MEZLIYE NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOSCH DYCHYYYY FBOLPCHSHCHK RPML, UZHPTNYTPCHBOOSCH H UYYYY RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN MBTNYOB, OE VSHCHMY KHYUFEOSCH BOZMYKULIN LPNBODPCH BOYEN RPDZPFPCHLE OBUFHRMEOY С, ОБЮБФПЗП Ч ЛПОГЕ ПЛФСВЦ. pDOBLP PVB UPEDYOOYS VSHCHMY UIMSHOSCHNYY IPTPYP CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY. LBTSDPE YЪ OYI VSHMP NPFPTYPCHBOP Y UPUFPSMP YRSFY REIPFOSCHI VBFBMSHPOCH, BTFYMMETYKULPZP RPMLB, TPFSH RFP, TPFSH RCH, RPDTBDEMEOYS TBCHEDLY, TPFSHCH Y RBTL B YOTSEETOSCHI CHPKUL, TPFSH UCHSY, FTBOURPTFOPK TP FSH, YFBVOPK TPFSH Y UMKHTSV. UFY UPEDYOEOYS, CHLMAYUBAYE RPDTBDEMEOYS CHUEI TPDPCH CHPKUL Y RPFPNH URPUPVOSHCHSHRPMOSFSH PFDEMSHOHA FBLFYUEULHA ЪBDBUKH, VSHMY DYCHYYSNY CH VHLCHBMSHOPN UNSHUME U MHRB. iPFS ПЕЕ ЗА UBNPN DEME VSHMY “MEZLYNY”, С OBUFBYCHBM YNEOOOP ЗА OBCHBOYY, LPFPTPPE UPPFCHEFUFCHCHBMP DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY. mBTNYOB, YURPMSHЪHS PTKHTSIE, PUFBCHMEOOPE DEOGEN YMY ЪBICHBYUEOOPE ABOUT ULMBDBY, PITBOSENSHI YFBMSHSOULINY LPNYUUYSNY RP RETENYYA, UOBVDYM CHUE RPDTBDEMEOYS OSHCHN CHPPTHTSEOYEN, Y OBOY DPVTPCHPMSHGSHCH, OETZYYUOSCH Y TBUFPTPPROSCH TEVSFB, CHMBDEMY YN CH UPCHETYEOUFCHE. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPNNYNP DYCHYYPOOPK BTFYMMETYY LBTSDSCHK VBFBMSHPO YNEM YEUFSH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSHCHI PTHDYK. nOPZP VShchMP FBLCE NYOPNEFPCH Y BCHFPNBFYUEULPZP PTHTSYS. h UMHYUBE OBUFHRMEOYS UMEDPCHBMP VSC PVMESUYFSH CHPKULB. ОП ЪБФП Ч ПВПТПОЕ ПОЙ ПВМБДБМЙ ЮЛМАЮЙФЕМШОПК ПЗОЕЧПК НПЕШ.

pDPVTYCH 20 UEOFSVTS UPUFBCH DCHHI MEZLYI NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI DYCHYYK, S OBRTBCHYM 7 PLFSVTS YuETYUYMMA RYUSHNP, UPPVEBS ENH P OBUYI OBNETEOYSI Y CHPNPTSOPUFSI. пДОПЧТЕНЕООП С ОБРЮБМ ЗМБЧОПЛПНБОДХАЕЕНХ ЧПКУЛБНИЙ ОТНОСНО ЧПУФПЛЕ ЗЕОЕТБМХ ПЛЁМЕЛХ, ОБРПНЬОБС ЕНХ П ОБУЕН ЦЕМБОВЫ УТБЦБФШУС Ч МЫЧИЙ. s KHLBBM yuETYUYMMA Y ZEOETBMH pLYOMELH, UFP RTY RTPchedeoyy fYI PRETBGYK S ZPFPCH RPDYUYOYFSH CHUA ZTHRRYTPCHLH mBTNYOB BOZMYKULPNH LPNBODPCHBOYA Y UFP, U DTHZPK PTPOsch, melmetl IPFS Y VHDEF DEKUFCHPCHBFSH BCHFPOPNOP, OP UNPTsEF RTEDRTYOSFSH OBUFHRMEOYE ЗА ZHEGGBO, LPZDB LFP VHDEF OEPVIPDYNP. 9 PLFSSVTS S RPUEFYM BOZMYKULPZP CHPEOOOPZP NYOYUFTB nBTZEUUPOB Y RPRTPPUYM EZP CHNEYBFSHUS CH LFP DEMP. oBLPOEG, 30 PLFSVTS S UPPVEIM ZEOETBMH lBFTH HUMPCHYS, ABOUT LPFPTSCHI OBIY CHKULB DPMTSOSCH RTYOSFSH HYUBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. ЗМБЧОЩН ХЪМПЧЙЕН ВШМБ ЧПНПЦОПУФШ ДЕКУФЧПЧБФШ ГЕМШНИЙ УПЕДЬОЕОСНИЙ.

фПМШЛП 27 ОПСВЦ С РПМХЮМ БОЗМЫКУЛЫК ПФЧЕФ. НА VSHHMNOE RPUMBO OBUBMSHOILPN YFBVB CHPEOOOPZP LBVYOEFB yuetyuyMMS ZEOETBMPN yUNEEN. EZP RYUSHNP POBYUBMP PFLB, CHECSMYCHSHCHK, OP LBFEZPTYUEULYK. YuFPVSH PVASUOYFSH LFPF PFLB, OBUY UPA'OILY UUSCHMBMYUSH ABOUT "TBBPVEOOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHULYI YUBUFEK, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHI CH TBMYUOSCHI RHOLFBI UYTYY", ABOUT FP, YuFP "POY OE VSHCHMY" OBFTEOYTPCHBOSH DMS DEKUFCH YK CH UPUFBCHE DYCHYYK Y VTYZBD", OBLPOEG, ABOUT YI "OEDPUFBFPYUOPE UOBTSSEOYE" . pDOBLP SING CHSTBTSBMY OBDETSDH, YuFP VKHDHEEE RPJCHPMYF RETEUNPFTEFSH LFPF CHPRTPU.

VSHMP SUOP, YuFP BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE TBUUYUYFSHCHBMP ЪБЧетийФШ ЪБЧПеЧКОЪ MYCHYYY RPLPOYUYFSH U TPNNEMEN VEЪ RPNPEY ZHTBOGKHPCH. rTBCHDB, POP TBURPMBZBMP OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNYY UYMBNYY CH LFPN TBKPOYY UYYFBMP, YuFP BDNYTBM yODTA LBOYOZN, RTELTBUOSCHK CHPEOBYUBMSHOIL Y NPTSL , UNPTsEF UPCHETYYFSH OECHPNPTSOPE Y RPMOPUFSH RTECHBFSH LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFPYCHOILB NETSDH YFBMYEK Y FTYRPMYFBOYEK.

nPTsOP UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFSH, LBL S VShchM TBUPYUBTPCHBO BOZMYKULIN PFCHEFPN. с OE рафинерия DPRKHUFYFSH, YUFPVSH OBUY CHKULB PUFBCHBMYUSH CH VE'DEKUFCHYY OEPRTEDEMOOPE CHTENS, LPZDB CH VYFCHBI TEYBMBUSH UHDSHVB NYTB. rПФПНХ С RTEDRPYU CHЪSFSH ЗА EUVS TYUL YЪNEOOYS PTYEOFBGYY. с RTYZMBUYM vPZPNPMPCHB Y RPRTPUYM EZP UPPVEYFSH EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH, YuFP obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF TSEMBM VSHCH, YuFPVSH ZHTBOGHULYE CHPPTHTSEOOSHE UYMSCH RTYOSMY OERPUTEDUFCHEO OPE HYUBUFYE CH PRETBGYSI UPAJOILPC ЗА chPUFPYUOPN ZHTPOFE CH UMHYUBE, EUMY FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE VKhDEF DMS OYI OBLTSHCHF. UBNP UPVPK TBHNEEFUS, S OE DEMBM CH mPODPOE OYLBLPK FBKOSHCH YUCHPEZP RTEDMPTSEOYS. ОП ЕЕЕ ДП ФПЗП, ЛБЛ С РПМКХЮМ ПФЧЕФ ЙЪ нПУЛЧЩ, ОБНЕТЕОЙС БОЗМЮБО ЙЪНЕОМЮШ. 7 ДЕЛБВЦ юЕТЮЮМШ ОБРЮБМ НОЕ РШМЛПЕ РЮШНП, Ч ЛПФПТН ХЛББМ, ЮФП ПО "ФПМШЛП ЮФП КХООБМ ПФ ЗЕОЕТБМБ ПЛЁМЕЛБ, ЮФП ЛФП РПУМЕДОЙК ПУЕОШ ВСЦ ИПФЕМ РТЫЧМЕЮШ ДХ "УЧПВПДОПК ЖТБОГЙЫ” Л ПРЕТБГЫСН Ч ЛИТЕОБ YLE.” “с ЪОБА, ДПВБЧМСМ РТЕНШЕТ-НЬОЮФТ, -ЮФП ЛФП ОБНЕТЕОЙЕ УПФЧЕФУФЧХЕФ ЧБЕНХ ЦЕМБОЯ. с ЪOBA FBLCE, LBL CHBYN UPMDBFBN OE FETRYFUS RPNETYFSHUS UYMBNY U OENGBNY.“

с PFCHEFYM yuETYUYMMA, YuFP PDPVTSA RTPELF Y PFDBN OEPVIPDYNSCHE TBURPTTSEOYS ZEOETBMKH lBFTH. ЗА UBNPN DEME BOZMYUBOE, LTPNE FPZP, YUFP YN VSHMP VSH OPTYSFOP CHPNPTSOPE RETENEEE OYE ZHTBOGHULYI UYM CH TPUUYA, OBUYOBMY RPOINBFSH, LBLHA CHPEOOKHA CHSHZPDH NPZMB RTYOUF Y OBYB RPNPESH CH VYFCHE ЪB LITE ОБИЛХ. пеят KHVEDYMYUSH CHPPYUYA, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL KHRPTOP PFUFBYCHBEF LBTSDSCHK LMPYUPL ENMY, YuFP YI UPVUFCOOSHCHPKULB OEUHF FSTSEMSCHHE RPFETY, YuFP YN OEPVIPDYNP TEPTZBOYPCHBFSH ЗА NEUFE LPNBODPCHBOYE, RMPIP RTYURPUPVMOOPE L PRETBGYSN U KHYBUFYEN NEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI CHPKUL. pFLBBBCHYUSH PF RTDPDPMTSEOYS OBUFHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYY, SING PCYDBMY, YuFP tPNNEMSH CHULPTE CHOPCSH CHPSHNEF YOYGYBFYCHH CH UCHPY THLY. bFB RETURELFYCHB CHSCHOKHTsDBMB YI PVTBEBFSHUS JB OBYEK RPNPESH.

h LBYTE LBFTKH DPZPCHPTYMUS U PLYOMELLPN P RETEVTPULE H MYCHYA 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY, BLEOYZ RTY PVUKhTSDEOOY DEFBMEK UPZMBYEOYS DPVIYMUS, YUFP LY RTEDPUFBCHYMY OBN RPNPESH , UOBVDYCH RTPFPYCHPFBOLPCHSHNYY YEOYFOSCHNY PTHDISNY Y FTBOURPTFOSHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. h SOCHBTE LFB DYCHYYS RTPCHEMB OUEULPMSHLP KHDBUOSHI PECH U YUBUFSNY tPNNEMS, PLTHTSEOOSCHNY CH UPMMHNE Y vBTDAYY, LPFPTSCHE CHULPTE LBRYFHMYTPCHBMY. ЧЙДС ЧЕТЕОЙГШ ОЕНЕГЛИЙ РМЕОСЧИ, ЛПФПТСЧИ ПОЙ РПНПЗМЙ ЪБИЧБФЙФШ, ОБУЙ ЧПКУЛБ ВЩМЙ РПФЦУЕОШ ДП ЗМХВЁЩ ДХЙЙ. h VPDTPN Y RTYRPDOSFPN OBUFTPEOOY SING OBRTBCHYMYUSH OUT ЪBRBD. h ZHECHTBME, h FP CHTENS LBL BOZMYUBOE TBNEEBMY UCHPY ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH CH GEOFTE LITEOBYLY, ABOUT FBL OBSCHCHBENPK RPJYGY “zBBBMB”, UPUFPSEEK Y OEULPMSHLYI KHLTERMEOOOSCHI TBKOPCH, OBLY CHPKULB ЪBOSMY TBKPO V YT-iBLEKN, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHK ATSOEE. HLTERMSS UCHPY RPYYGYY, SING CH FP TSE CHTENS CHEMY BLFYCHOSCH TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOSH RPYULY CH ZMHVYOE OYUEKOPK RPMPUSH, PFDEMSCHYEK YI PF ZMBCHOSCHI UYM RTPFPYCHOILB.

ОП ЕУМЙ 1-К МЕЗЛПК НПФПНЕЙБОЙЫТПЧБООПЦ ДЫЧЫЙЫЙ РПЧЕЙМП, ФП УПЧУЕН ЙОБЮЕ ПВУФПСМП УП 2-К, ЛПФПТБС РТДДПМЦБМБ ВЕДЕКУФЧПЧБФШ Ч МЕЧБОФЕ. с CE IPFEM, YuFPVSH POB FBLCE RTYOSMB KHYBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. lBL TB ADELBVTS vPZPNPMPCH UPPVEIM NOE, YuFP NPK RTPELF RPUSCHMLY ZHTBOGHYULYI CHPKUL CH TPUUYA CHUFTEFYM ZPTSYUEE PDPVTEOYE EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB, LPPTPE ZPFPChP UOBVDYFSH ABOUT NE UFE OBIY UYMSCH CHUEN O EPVIPDYNSCHN. fPZDB S TEYM RPUMBFSH ОТНОСНО CHPUFPL OE FPMSHLP BCHYBGYPOOKHA ULBDTYMSHA “oPTNBODYS”, OP Y 2-A MEZLHA NFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. ьФБ RPUMEDOSS, PFRTBCHSUSH YYYYYY RTPKDS YUETE vBZDBD, DPMTSOB VSHMB RETEUEYUSH yTBO ЗА ZTHPCHYLBI, ЪBFEN YЪ fBCHTYЪB RP TSEMEЪOPK DPTPZE RTYVSHCHFSH ABOUT LBCH LBJ. bFP VShchM PVSHYUOSCHK RKHFSH, RP LPFPTPNH YITBOULYI RPTFPCH DPUFBCHMSMYUSH CH TPUUYA ZTHYSHCH, RPUSHMBENSHCHE UPAYOILBNY. 29 ДЕЛБВЦ С ОБРЮБМ ЗЕОЕТБМХ ЮНЕА, РТЕДХРТЕДИЧ ЕЗП П УЧПЙИ ОБНЕТЕОЙСИ, Й ДБМ ЗЕОЕТБМХ lBFTH OEPVIPDYNSCHE YOUFTHLGYY. 15 NBTFB 2-S NPFPNEIDYCHYYS DPMTSOB VSHMB PFRTBCHYFSHUS ABOUT lBCHLB, EUMY DP bFPZP POB OE RPFTEVPCHBMBUSH VSC H MYCHYY.

BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHSHCHDCHYOHMP CHUE CHPNPTSOSCHE CHPTBTTSEOYS RTPPFYCH RPTPELFB RPUSHMLY DYCHYYY CH TPUUYA. ч нПУЛЧЕ СЕ УПЧЕФШ ХИЧБФЙМЮШ ЪБ БФХ ИДЕЯ. nPMPFPCH CH VUEEDBI U zBTTP, ZEOETBM rBOZHYMPCH U REFY FPTPRYMY OBU PUKHEEUFCHYFSH EE; IDEO, RPUFBCHMEOOOSCHK CH YICHEUFOPUFSH, CHCHUFHRIM UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSH Y OBRYUBM NOE, RPDDETSYCHBS FPYULH ЪTEOYS BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOSCHI. с RTDDPMTsBM OBUFBYCHBFSH ЗА UCHPEN, Y CH LPOGE ZHECHTBMS UPAJOYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE RTYOSMP VMBZPRTYSFOPE TEYEOYE. noe UPPVEIM PV LFPN yUNEK. пЛЁМЕЛ РПРТПУЙМ ЛБФТКХ РЕТЕДБФШ Ч ЕЗП ТБУРПЦЕОЙЕ 2-А МЕЗЛХА НПФПНЕЙБОЙЫТПЧБООКХА ДЪЧЫЯ. рПЛЁХЧ УЙТЯ, ПОБ РТЪВШМБ Ч МЪЧЯ Ч РПУМЕДОЙИ ЮЮМБИ НБТФБ.

zTHRRYTPCHLB mBTNYOB VSHMB FERTSH ЗА NEUF: LEOYZ U 1-K DYCHYYEK ЗА MYOY VYT-iBLKN, lBBP UP 2-K CH TEETCHE. fBOLPCHSHCHK RPML RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB TENY RPMKHYUBM CH FSHMKH OPCHHA NBFETYBMSHOKHA YUBUFSH. tPFB RBTBYAFYUFPCH, LPFPTHA С RETECHYY BOZMYY, FTEOYTPCHBMBUSH CH yUNBYMYY, ZPFPCHBS L CHSHRPMOEOYA VPECHPK ЪBDBUY. lFP UPUFBCHMSMP 12 FSHUSYU UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH YMY RTYNETOP 1/5 UYM UPAJOILPC, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH LFPN TBKPOE. yULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU" Y ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mpFBTIOZYS" UTBTSBMYUSH U PLFSVTS NEUSGB CH OEEV LITEOBYLY. НОПЗИЕ ОБОЙ РПУШМШОШЕ УХДБ Й ФТБМШАЙЛИ КХУБУФЧПЧБМЙ Ч УЛПТФЕ ЛБТБЧБОПЧ ЧДПМШ РПВЕТЕЦШС. fBLYN PVTBBPN, OBYUYFEMSHOSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH VSHMY UPUTEDPFPYUEOSCH CHCHTENS ЗА ZMBCHOPN FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK. CHULPTE VPZ CHPKOSH RTEDPUFBCHYM UPMDBFBN "UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" CHPNPTSOPUFSH KHYBUFCHPCHBFSH CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY RPLTSCHFSH UEVS OEKHCHSDBENPK UMBCHPK. 27 NBS tPNNEMSH RETEIPDIF CH OBUFHRMEOYE. ВЙТ-иБЛКН РПДЧЕЦБЕФУС ОБРБДЕОЯ.

h RTEDRTYSFYSI, h LPFPTSCHI TYULHEYSH CHUEN, PVSHYUOP OBUFKHRBEF FBLPC NNEOF, LPZDB FPF, LFP CHEDEF YZTH, YUKHCHUFCHHEF, YuFP UHDSHVB CHPF-CHPF TEYYFUS. rP KhDYCHYFEMSHOPNH UFEYEOYA PVUFPSFEMSHUFCH FSHUSYU YURSHCHFBOYK, LPFPTSCHN PO RPDCHETZBEFUS, LBL VSC CHPRMPEBAFUS OEPTSIDBOOP CH PDOPN TEYBAEEN RYJPDE. eUMY LFPF LRYЪPD VHDEF KHDBUOSCHN, ZHTTFHOB KHMSHCHVOEFUS. OP EUMY PO RTYCHEDEF CH EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHP THLPCHPDYFEMS, CHUE DEM RTPYZTBOP. h FP CHTENS LPZDB CHPLTHZ RPMYZPOB RMPEBDSHA Ch 16 LCHBDTBFOSCHI LYMPNEFTPC, KhDETSYCHBENPZP UPMDBFBNY LEOZB, TBSHCHZTSCHCHBEFUS DTBNB vYT-iBLEKNB, S UBN, OBIPDSUSH mP ODPOE, ЪOBLPNSUSH U FEMEZTBNNBN NY, CHSHUMKHYYCHBS LPNNEOFBTYY, YUYFBS PE CHZMSDBI FP UFTBI, FP OBDETSDH, TBUUUYFSHCHBA, LBLPCHSH VHDHF RPUMEDUFCHYS FPZP, YuFP FBN RTPYUIPDYF. eUMY LFY 5500 VPKGPCH, LBTSDSCHK UP UCHPYN ZPTEN Y OBDETSDPK DPVTPCHPMSHOP RTYVSHCHYYE JTBOGYY, bZhTYLY, MECHBOFB, FYIPZP PLEBOB, UPVTBOOSH, OEUNPFTS ЗА UFPMSHLP FTH DOPUFEK, FBN, ТУК ПЕЕТЕ UEKUBU OBIPDSFUS, RPFETRSF RPTBTSEOYE, OBUYE DAMP VHDEF UETSHEOP RPDPTCHBOP. th OBPVPTTPF, EUMY CH LFPF NNEOF, ЗА LFPC ENME SING UPCHETYBF CHEMILIK RPDCHYZ, VHDHEEE RTYOBDMETSYF OBN!

retchsche VPY RTPchedeosch LBL OEMSHЪS MHYUYE. noe DPOPUSF, YuFP 27 NBS, LPZDB ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH RTPFYCHOILB RTPYMY ATSOEE VYT-iBLEKNB, YUFPVSH PLTHTSYFSH RPIYGYY UPAYOILPC, YFBMSHSOULBS NPFPDYCHYYS "bTSHEFE" VTPUYMB RTPFYCH ZHTBOGKHIPCH UP FOA FBOLPCH Y RPFETSMB UPTPL YЪ OYI, PVMPNLY LPFPTSCHI KHUESMY RPME VPS. 28 Y 29 NBS OBY PFTSDSHCH, CHSHUMBOOSCH PE CHUEI OBRTBCHMEOSI, HOYUFPTSYMY EEE YFHL RSFOBDGBFSH FBOLPCH Y BICHBFYMY 200 RMEOOSCHI. 31 . URKHUFS DCHB DOS ZHTBOGKHULBS LPMPOOB RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB vTPYB PCHMBDECHBEF RPYGYEK tPFPODB UYOSHSMY, TBURPMPTSEOOPK CH 50 LYMPNEFTBI L ЪBRBDH. 1 YAOS mBTNYOB YOURELFYTHEF OBIY CHPKULB ЗА NEUF. EZP DPOUEEOYE RPMOP PRFYNYNB. h NYTE UPDBEFUS PRTEDEMEOOPE NOOOYE. oELPFPTSCHE RTEDULBSCHBAF, YuFP LFP DEMP NPZMP VSC OBYUYFEMSHOP RTECHPKFY ZTBBOYGSCH FBLFYUEULPK PRETBGYY. TBDYP Y ZBJEFSH UDETSBOOP, CHSHCHVYTBS CHSTBTTSEOYS, ULHRP OBUYOBAF ICHBMYFSH ZHTBOGKHULYE ChPKULB Y YI LPNBOYTPCH.

ЗА UMEDHAEIK DEOSH tPNNEMSH CHPЪPVOPCHMSEF OBUFHRMEOYE. ЗА LFPF TB ОТ BFBLHEF GEOFT RPYYGYY ZEOETBMB TYYUY, OBYOOOPZP PLYOMELLPN LPNBODHAEIN ZHTPOFPN. OENGSH PCHMBDECHBAF CH ZPF-UMSH-ULBTBVE RPYGYEK PDOPK BOZMYKULPK VTYZBDSH, RTEPDPMECHBAF CH LFPN RHOLFE VPMSHYPE NYOOPE RPME, RTYLTSHCHBAEE RPDUFHRSH L ZBBBYY VYT- iBLEKNH, Y CH GEMSI TBUYYTEOYS RTPTSCHCHB ORTTBCH MSAF RTPFYCH OBUYI CHPKUL PDOKH DYCHYYYA bZHTYLBOULZP LPTRHUB. ЧРЕЧЩЕ У ЯОС 1940 ЖТБОГХЫЩ Й ОЕНГЩ ЧОПЧШ ЧУФТЕЮБАФУС Ч ВПМШЙПН УТБЦЕОЙЙ. уОБЮБМБ Ч НЕМЛИЙ УФШЮЛБИ НЩ ЪБИЧБФЩБЕН 150 РМЕООСЧ. OP PUEOSH ULPTP ZHTPOF KHUFBOBCHMYCHBEFUS CH RTEDD4Y VYFCHSHCH. dChKHN CHTBTSEULIN RBTMBNEOFETBN, LPFPTSCHE RTEDMBZBAF LBRYFKHMYTPCHBFSH, LEOYZ PFCHEYUBEF, YuFP PO OE EB LFYN RTYYEM UADB.

NETSDH FEN CH RPUMEDHAEYE DYO RTPPHYCHOIL UFSZYCHBEF LPMSHGP PLTHTSEOYS. vBFBTEY FSTSEMSCHI PTHDYK, CH FPN YUYUME 155-Y 200-NYMMYNEFTPCHSCHI, CHEDHF RP OBYN RPIYGYSN PZPOSH, LPPTSHCHK UFBOPCHYFUS CHUE VPMEE YOFEOUYCHOSCHN. FTY, YUEFSHTE, RSFSH TB ЗА DEOSH YFKHTNPCHYLY Y "AOLETUSCH" UPCHETYBAF OBMEFSCH RP UPFOE UBNPMEFPCH PDOPCHTENEOOOP. rTPDPCHPMSHUFCHYE RPUFHRBEF CH OEDPUFBFPYUOPN LPMYUEUFCHE. h VYT-iBLEKNE CHUE NEOSHYE PUFBEFUS VPERTYRBUPCH, KHNEOSHIBEFUS RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHEOOSCHK TBGYPO, UPLTBEBEFUS TBDBYUB CHPDSH. rPD RBMSAIN UPMOGEN, UTEDY REUUBOSCHY CHYITEK ЪBEYFOILY OBIPDSFUS CH RPUFPSOOPK FTECHPZE, TSYCHHF CHNEUFE U TBOEOSCHNY, IPTPOSF NETFCHSCHI TSDPN U UPVPK. 3 YAOS ZEOETBM tPNNEMSH OBRTBCHMSEF RYUSHNP, OBRYUBOOPE YN UPVUFCHEOOPTHYUOP, U FTEVPCHBOYEN UMPTSYFSH PTHTSYE “CH RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POY VHDHF KHOYUFPSEOSCH, LBL BOZMYKULYE V TYZBDSHCH ZPF-LMSH-ULBTB VE.” 5 ЯОС ПДЬО ЙЪ ЕЗП ПЖЙГЕТПЧ РПЧФПЦЕФ ЛФП РТЕДМПЦЕОЙЕ. ENH PFCHEYUBEF PZPOSH OBYEK BTFYMMETYY. OP CH FP CE CHTENS PE NOPZYI UFTBOBI L OBN RTPVKhTsDBEFUS YOFETEU RHVMYLY. ZhTBOGKHYSCH VYT-iBLEKNB RTYCHMELBAF CHUE VPMSHYEE CHOINBOYE REYUBFY Y TBDYP. pVEEUFCHOOPE NOOOYE ZPFPCHYFUS CHSCHOEFY UCHPA PGEOLKH. chPRTPU UFBCHYFUS FBL: NPTsEF MY EEE UMBCHB PUEOYFSH OBUYI UPMDBF?

7 YAOS VYT-iBLEKN RPMOPUFSHHA PLTHTSEO. 90-S OENEGLBS DYCHYYS Y YFBMSHSOULBS DYCHYYS “fTYEUF”, RPDDETSBOOSCH DCHHNS DEUSFLBNY VBFBTEK Y UPFOSNY FBOLPCH, ZPFPCHSH L YFKHTNH. „rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE YEUFSH DOEK!“ RTYLBYBMP LEOYZH UPA'OYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHEWETPN 1 YAOS. FY YEUFSH DOEK YUFELMY. "rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE UPTPL CHPUENSH YUBUPCH", RTPUYF ZEOETBM tyuy. uMEDHEF ULBYBFSH, YUFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB, OBOEUYE FBLYE RPFETY 8-K BTNYY CHCHBCHYE FBLPE ЪBNEYBFEMSHUFChP, FBLPCSHCH, UFP MAVBS PRETBGYS RP OBNEOE YMY PLBBOYA RPNPEY FERETSH OECH ПНПТСОБ. YuFP LBUBEFUS TPNNEMS, FP, UFTENSUSH VSHCHUFTEE DPUFYUSH EZYRFB, RPMSHJHSUSH UNSFEOYEN UTEDY BOZMYUBO, BY PYUEOSH TBDTBTSEO LFYN UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ZHTBOGKHPCH, LPFTPPE RT PDPMTSBEFUS CH EZP FSHMKH Y UFEU OSEF EZP LPNNHOILBGYY. VYT-iBLEKN UFBOPCHYFUS EZP PUOPCHOPK ЪBVPFPK Y EZP ZMBCHOPK GEMSHA. ОТ HCE OEPDOPLTBFOP RPSCHMSMUS ЗА RPIYGYSI Y UDEMBEF LFP EEE OE TB, YUFPVSH KHULPTYFSH DEKUFCHYS YFKHTNHAEYI CHPKUL.

8 YAOS OBUYOBAFUS PCEUFPYUEOOOSCH BFBLY. REIPFB RTPFPYCHOILB OEPDOPLTBFOP, RTY RPDDETSLE LTHROSHHI UYM BTFYMMETYY FBOLPCH, OBUFPKYYCHP, OP VEKHUREYOP RSHFBEFUS PCHMBDEFSH FEN YMY YOSCHN HYUBUFLPN OBUYI RPYGYK . PYUEOSH FSEMSCHK DEOSH DMS OBYI CHPKUL Y FSSEMBS OPYUSH, CH FEYOOYE LPFPTPK RTYCHPDSFUS CH RPTSDPL OBUY RPUFTBDBCHIYE PF PVUFTEMB RPYYGYY. 9 ЯОС БФБЛЙ ЧПЪПВОПЧМСАФУС. chTBTSEULBS BTFYMMETYS HUYMYMBUSH PTHDYSNY LTHROPZP LBMYVTB, U LPFPTSCHNY OE NPZHF CHEUFY VPTSHVH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSH PTHDYS RPMLPCHOILB mPTBO-yBNRTP. OBOY UPMDBFSH RPMKHYUBAF CHUEZP MYYSH PLPMP DCHHI MYFTPC CHPDSHCH UHFLY, YUFP CH ЪDEYOEN NEUFOPN LMYNBFE SCHMSEFUS UPCHETYOOOP OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHN. pDOBLP OEPVIPDYNP EEE DETSBFSHUS, RPFPNKH YuFP CH UCHSY UP UNSFEOYEN, RPUFEREOOP PICHBFSCHCHBAEIN TBMYUOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS BOZMYKULPK BTNYY, URPTPFYCHMEOYE LEOOZB RTYPVTEFBE F FERETSH TEYBAEEE OBYOOYE. „ZETPYUEULBS PVPTPOB ZHTBOGKHIPCH!“ „vMEUFSAKE RPDCHYZ“! „ОENGSH TBVYFSH RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN!“ PE CHEUSH ZPMPU FTHVSF YOZHPTNBGYPOOSCHE BZEOFUFCHB mPODPOB, OSHA-kPTLB, nPOTEBMS, lBYTB, TYP-DE-tsBOEKTP, vHIOPU-bKTEUB. nsch RTYVMYTSBENUS L GEMY, LPFPTHA OBNEFYMY, CHPЪMPTSYCH ЗА CHPKULB “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY”, UFPMSH OEOBYUYFEMSHOSHE RP YUYUMEOOPUFY, VPMSHYKHA TPMSH CH FYI VPMSHYI UPVSHCHFYSI. RHYLY RPD VYT-iBLKNPN CHPCHEUFYMY CHUENKH NYTH P OBYUBME CHPTPTSDEOYS ZhTBOGYY.

OP PFOSHCHOE NOE OE DBEF RPLPS NSCHUMSH P URBUEOYY BEYFOILPC. с RPOINBA, YuFP POY OE UNPZHF CH FEYUEOOYE RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOPZP ЧЕТЕНЕ PFTTBTSBFSH BFBLY, RPDDETSBOOSCH NPEOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. lPOYUOP, S KHVETSDEO CH FPN, YuFP CH MAVPN UMHYUBE DYCHYYS OE UDBUFUS, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL VHDEF MYYEO KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYS KHCHYDEFSH, LBL RETED TPNNEMEN RTPKDEF DMYOOBS LPMPOOB YULYI RMEOOSCHI, Y YuFP EUMY OBUY ChPK ULB VHDHF OERPLPMEVYNP UFPSFSH ЗА NEUFA, FP RTPFYCHOILH, YuFPVSH PDPMEFSH YI, RPOBDPVYFUS HOYUFPTSYFSH YI RP YUBUFSN. OP TEYUSH YDEF P FPN, YuFPVSH URBUFY CHPKULB, BOE P FPN, YuFPVSH RTYNYTYFSHUS U YI ZETPYUEULPK ZYVEMSHA. NOE UPCHETYEOOP OEPVIPDYNSCH DMS DBMSHOEKYI PRETBGYK FY UPFOY RTECHPUIPDOSH PZHYGETPCH Y KHOFET-PZHYGETPCH, LFY FSCHUSYU PFMYUOSHI UPMDBF. UPCHETYYCH PDYO RPDCHYZ, POY DPMTSOSCH FERETSH UPCHETYYFSH DTHZPK: RPTCHBFSHUS ULCHPSH LPMSHGP CHTBTSEULYI CHPKUL, RTPKDS YUETE NYOOSCH RPMS, Y RTYUPEDYOIFSHUS L PUOPCHOSCHN N UPAJOILPC.

iPFS S CHPDETTSYCHBAUSH PF OERPUTEDUFCHEOOPZP CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHB CH THLPCHPDUFCHP UTBTSEOYEN, FEN OE NEOEE CH FEYOOYE 8th 9 YAOS S RTDDPMTsBA U VPMSHYPK OBUFPKYUCHPUFSHA PVTBEBFSHUS CH BOZ MIKULIK YNRETULYK YFBV, KHLBSHCHBS, YuFP YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP CHBTsOP, YUFPVSH LEOYZ, RPLB EEE OE RPJDOP, RPMKHYUM RTYLB RPRSHCHFBFSHUS CHSHCHKFY Y PLTHTSEOYS . с RPChFPTSA PV LFPN 10 YAOS yuETYUYMMA, U LPFPTSCHN S PVUKhTSDBM FPZDB ChPRTPU P nBDBZBULBTE. FEN CHTENEOEN TBCHSB RTYVMYTSBEFUS, Y S FEMEZTBZHYTHA LPNBODITH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPK DYCHYYY: „ZEOETBM LEOYZ! „OBKFE Y RETEDBKFE CHBYN CHPKULBN, YuFP CHUS ZhTBOGYS UNPFTYF ЗА CHBU Y ZPTDYFUS CHBNY!“ b H LPOGE DOS ZEOETBM UT BMBO vTHL, OBYUBMSHOIL YNRETULPZP YFBVB, PVYASCHMSEF NOE, YuFP U UBNPZP KhFTB RTPFPYCHOIL CHEDEF PTSEUFPYUEOOOSCH BFBLY ABOUT VYT-iBLEKN, OP YuFP tyuy DB M KHLBBOYE LEOYZKH Ъ БОСФШ ОПЧХА РПИГЯ, ЕУМЙ ЛФП ЕНХ ХДБУФУС УДЕМБФШ. PRETBGYS DPMTSOB RTPYPKFY OPIUSHA.

за UMEDHAEE KhFTP, 11 YAOS, CHPUFPTTSEOOP-NTBUOSCH LPNNEOFBTYY TBDIY ZBJEF. rPULPMSHLH OILFP OE OBEF, YuFP ZHTBOGKHSCH RSCHFBAFUS CHSHKFY YI PLTHTSEOYS, CHUE, PYUECHYDOP, TsDHF U NYOKhFSHCH ЗА NYOHFKH, YuFP YI UPRTPFYCHMEOYE VHDEF UMPNMEOP. OP CHPF CHYUETPN vTHL RPUSCHMBEF NOE UMEDHAEE YJCHEUFYE: „ZEOETBM LEOYZ Y VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH EZP CHPKUL DPUFYZMY UMSH-ZPVI Y OBIPDSFUS CHOE DPUZBENPUFY RTPPHYCHOILB.“ с VMBZPDBTA CHEUFOILB, PFRHULBA EZP, ЪBLTSCHCHBA DCHETSH. с ПУФБАУШ ОБЯД В UBNYN UPVPK. UETDGE VSHEFUS PF CHPMOYS. НЕОС ПИЧБФЩБЕФ ЮХЧУФЧП ПЗТПНОПК ЗПТДПУФЙ, МШАФУС УМЕШ ТБДПУФЙ!

1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS OBUYFSHCHBMB DP UTBTSEOYS RPD VYT-iBLKNPN RTYVMYJFEMSHOP 5500 YUEMPCHEL, B RPUME DCHHIOEDEMSHOSHI VPECH LEOYZ CHCHCHEM PFFHDB PL PMP 4 FSCHUSYU RTYZPDOSCHI L DB MSHOEKYEK UMHTSVE UPMDBF. oELPFPTPPE LPMYUEUFCHP TBOEOSCHI HDBMPUSH CHSHCHEFFY CH FSHM CHNEUFE U YUBUFSNY. OBOY CHPKULB PUFBCHYMY ЗА RPME VPS 1109 PZHYGETPCH Y UPMDBF, KHVYFSCHHI, TBOEOSCHY YMY RTPRBCHYI VEJ CHEUFY. UTEDY KHVYFSCHHI FTY UFBTYI PZHYGETB: RPDRPMLPCHOIL VTPY, NBKPTCSH UBCHE Y vTYLPOSH. UTEDY TBOEOSCHI, PUFBCHYIUS ЗА RPME VPS, NBKPTSH RAYHB Y vBVPOOP. rTYYMPUSH PUFBCHYFSH YUBUFSH RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP KHOYUFPTSEOOPK VPECHPK FEIOIL. OP RPFETY, LPFPTSCHHE NSCH OBOEUMY RTPFYCHOILH, CH FTY TBBB RTECHPUIPDIMY OBUY RPFETY.

12 YAOS OENGSH PVYASCHYMY, YuFP OBLBOKHOYE SING “CHSMY YFKHTNPN” VYT-iBLEKN. ъBFEN VETMYOLPE TBDYP PRHVMYLPCHBMP UMEDHAEEE LPNNAOYLE: “fBL LBL ZHTBOGKHSCH, VEMSCHHE GCHEFOSCH, ЪBICHBUEOOSCH RMEO RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN, OE RTYOBDMETSBF L TEZKHMSTOPK BTN YY, FP VHDHF TBUUFTEMSOSH UPZMBU ОП ЧПЕОООЩН ЪБЛПОБН.” yuBU URKHUFS S RPRTPPUYM RETEDBFSH RP vY-vY-uY ЗА CHUEI SQSHLBI UMEDHAEE UBSCHMEOYE: „eUMY ZETNBOWLS BTNYS PVEUUEUFYF UEWS HVYKUFCHPN ZHTBOGKHULYI UPMDBF CH, FSHHI CH RMEO, LPZDB POY UTBTSBMYUS H UB UCHPA TPDYOH, ZEOETBM DE zPMMSH DPMTSEO UPPVEYFSH, YuFP, L UCHPENKH ZMHVPLPNH UPTSBMEOYA , VKhDEF CHSCHOKHTSDEO RPUFKHRYFSH FBLCE U OENGBNY, BICHBUEOOSCHNY CH RMEO EZP CHPKULBNY.” l LPOGKH DOS VETMYOULPE TBDYP PVYASCHYMP: “pFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI, ЪBICHBUEOOSHI CH RMEO PE CHTENS PECH ЪB VYT-iBLEKN, OE NPTsEF ChPЪOILOHFSH OILB LYI UPNOEOYK. u UPMDBFBNY ZEOETBMB DE zPMMS VHDHF PVTBEBFSHUS LBL U UPMDBFBNY.“ fBL POP Y VSHMP CH DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY.

h FP CHTENS LBL 1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RETEZTHRRYTPCHBMBUSH CH UYDY-vBTTBBOY LBFTKH VEJ RTPNEDMEOYS RTYUFKHRYM L EE RPRPMOEOYA, OBYB BCHYBZTHR RB "UMSHBU" RTDPDPMTSBMB RTOYNBFSH KHUBUFYE CH KHUYMYCHYIUS DEKUFCHYSI BOZMYKULPK YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK BCHYBGYY, B OBYB BCHYBZTHRRRB "mPFBTYOZYS" HYUBEBMB UPCHNEUFOP U VPNV BTDYTPCHEYLBNY BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOP-CHP'DKHYOSCHI UYM UCHPY OBMEFSCH ЗА LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFYCHOILB. h FP CE CHTENS OBOY RBTBYAFYUFSCH CHSHRPMOSMY VMEUFSEYE PRETBGYY. fBL, OBRTYNET, CH OPYUSH U 12 ABOUT 13 YAOS ZTHRRSH RBTBYAFYUFPCH HOYUFPTSYMY 12 UBNPMEFPCH ABOUT CHTBTSEULYI BTPDTPNBI CH MYCHYY, B LBRYFBO VETZE, UVTPEOOOSCHK ABOUT RBTBIAFE OEUL PMSHLYNY UPMDBFBNY ABOUT PUFTPC lTYF, UKHNEM, DP FPZP LBL EZP UICHBFYMY, RPDTSEYUSH 21 VPNVBTDYTPCHAIL, 15 ZTHЪPCHYLPCH Y ULMBD ZPTAYUEZP ОТНОСНО BHTPDTPNE H lBODY.

pDOBLP 8-S BTNYS, CHOEBROP PICHBUEOOBS NPTBMSHOPK KHUFBMPUFSH, RPLYOKHMB LITEOBYLH, PUFBCHYCH ЗА NEUFE OBYUYFEMSHOP LPMYUEUUFCHP VPECHPK FEIOIL. ZEOETBM PLYOMEL OBDESMUS UPITBOIFSH RP LTBKOEK NETE fPVTHL, UIMSHOP KHLTERMEOOKHA LTERPUFSH, UOBVTSBCHYHAUS U NPTS. OP 24 YAOS ZBTOYPO, OBUYFSHCHBCHYIK 33 FSCHUSYU YUEMPCHEL, UDBMUS OENGBN. мЪЙШ У ВПМШЙН ФТХДПН БОЗМЮБОБН ХДБМПУШ ЪБЛТЕРИФШУС ЗА ЧЧУПФБИ УМШ-бМБНЕКОБ. pDYO HYUBUFPL RPYYGYY KHDETSYCHBMB 2-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN ZEOETBMB lBBP, OBLPOEG CHCHEDEOOBS CH DEM. UTEDY TEYETCHPCH OBIPDIMBUSH FBOLPCHBS ZTHRRB RPMLPCHOILB TENY, UTPYUOP UOBVTSEOOBS NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFSH. rPMPTSEOYE VSHMP FSTSEMPE. CHEUSH chPUFPL, PICHBUEOOSCHK FTECHPZPK, PTSYDBM CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH Y YFBMSHSOGECH CH LBYT Y BMELUBODTYA.

OP LFPF KHRBDPL DHib OBYI UPA'OYLPCH, LBL RPLBYBMY UPVSHCHFYS, OPUYM MYYSH CHTENEOOSHCHK IBTBLFET. dPMTSEO VSHM OBUFKHRYFSH DEOSH, LPZDB VMBZPDBTS ZPURPDUFCHH ABOUT NPTE, OPCHSHCHN RPDLTERMEOYSN, SCHOPNH RTECHPUIPDUFCHH BCHYBGYYY, OBLPOEG, CHPEOOSHCHN URPUPVOPUFSN ZEOETBMB nPOFZPNETY P OH PLPOYUBFEMSHOP RTEPDPMEAF bfh CHTENEOOHA UMBVPUFSH. chRTPYUEN, CHPKULB tPNNEMS, VPECHSHCHE RTYRBUSCH LPFPTSCHI OBIPDIMYUSH OUT YUIPDE, RTYPUFBOPCHYMY UCPE RTPDCHYTSEOYE CHREDED. pDOBLP UMPTSYCHYBSUS PVUFBOPCHLB PUPVEOOOP RPDYUETLYCHBMB VPMSHYPE OBYEOYE OBYI DEKUFCHYK. zEOETBM PLYOMEL VMBZPTPDOP RTYOBM LFP. 12 YAOS PO PRHVMYLPCHBM CH YUEUFSH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY OBNEYUBFEMSHOPE LPNNAOYLE: “pVYAEDYOOOSCH OBGYY, ЪBSCHYM PO, DPMTSOSCH VSHCHFSH RTEY URPMOEOSCH YUKHCHUFCHPN CHPUIEEOOYS Y V MBZPDBTOPUFY CH UCHSY U DEKUFCHYSNYY LFYI ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPKUL YI DPVMEUFOPZP ZEOETBMB.”

yEUFSH DOEK URKHUFS CH mPODPOE 10 FSHUSYU ZHTBOGKHPCH, CHPEOOSCHI YYFBFULYI, UPVITBAFUS ЗА FPTCEUFCHEOOPE UPVTBBOYE, YUFPVSH PFNEFIFSH CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYOH RTYYSHCHB 1 8 YAOS. Chue Yuefshchte ufbtsb bmshvetf-ipmmb ЪBRPMOEOSCH DP PFLBB, OBULPMSHLP bFP RPЪCHPMSAF YOUFTHHLGYY RP VEЪPRBUOPUFY. pZTPNOPE FTEIGCHEFOPE RPMPFOEE, KHLTBYEOOPE mPFBTYOZULIN LTEUFPN, RTPFSOHFP ЪB FTYVHOPK Y RTYCHMELBEF L UEVE CHPTSH CHUEI RTYUHFUFCHHAEYI. oBIPDS CHPMOPCHBOOSCHK PFLMYL CH UETDGBI, ЪCHHYUBF "nBTUEMSHEB" Y "mPFBTYOZULIK NBTY". ъBOYNBS NEUFP, PLTHTSEOOSCHK YUMEOBNY oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB Y UPCHUEN OEDBCHOP RTYVSHCHYYNYY ZHTBOGYY DPVTCHPMSHGBNY, S UMSHCHYKH, LBL LFB PICHBUEOOBS JOFHYB ЪNPN FPMRB LTYUYUIF NOE P UCHPYI Y УБСОЙСИ. ч ЛФПФ ДЕОШ ОБЦДХ У ОБДЕТСДПК С ЮРЩФЩБА МИЛПЧБОИЕ. от ЧШУФХРБА У ТЕЮША. lFP OEPVIPDYNP. ZETPY UPCHETYBAF RPDCHYZY CH VPTSHVE. OP DMS FPZP, YuFPVSH CHPPDKHYECHYFSH YI ЗА RPDCHYZ, OHTSOSCH RMBNEOOSCH UMChB.

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Политическа историяФранция на 20 век Арзаканян Марина Цолаковна

"Свободна Франция"

"Свободна Франция"

Едновременно с поражението на Франция започва и историята на нейната съпротива срещу окупаторите. Свързва се преди всичко с името на изключителния френски военен, политически и държавникХХ век Генерал Шарл дьо Гол.

Де Гол е роден на 22 ноември 1890 г. в аристократично семейство и е възпитан в дух на патриотизъм и католицизъм. След като завършва висшето военно училище Сен Сир, той се бие на полетата на Първата световна война и завършва с чин капитан. През междувоенния период дьо Гол продължава военната си кариера. Въпреки това, от средата на 20-те години дейността му далеч надхвърля обхвата на военната служба. Пишеше и изнасяше много беседи. В четири от книгите на Дьо Гол - "Раздор във вражеския лагер" (1924), "По острието на меча" (1932), "За професионална армия" (1934) и "Франция и нейната армия" (1938). ) - отразява собствената военна доктрина на автора и неговото жизнено кредо. По същество той беше първият във Франция, който предсказа решаващата роля на танковите сили в бъдеща война и се представи като привърженик на френския национализъм и поддръжник на силна изпълнителна власт.

Дьо Гол беше твърд противник на отбранителната тактика, разработена от Генералния щаб на френската армия, която се основаваше на идеята, че линията Мажино е недостъпна. Той предупреди за пагубността на подобни възгледи и призова за укрепване на отбранителната способност на страната. Де Гол смята, че е необходимо на първо място да се сформират допълнителни танкови корпуси във Франция, оборудвани с превозни средства последен модел. Той търси поддръжници във военните и политическите среди. През 1934 г. той дори успява да се срещне с Пол Рейно, но де Гол не постига ефективна подкрепа за идеите си.

В началото на Втората световна война де Гол, който служи с чин полковник, е назначен за командващ танкови войскив Елзас. Когато Германия започва бърза офанзива на Западния фронт през 1940 г., той получава заповед да ръководи набързо повдигната бронетанкова дивизия. През целия май тя се бори самоотвержено, понасяйки тежки загуби. Противникът имаше огромно предимство в танкове, артилерия и авиация. За военните си заслуги де Гол е повишен в чин бригаден генерал.

В Париж Пол Рейно, когато реорганизира кабинета си, назначава де Гол за заместник-министър на войната. Генералът веднага пристига в столицата. Той упорито настояваше за продължаване на войната и се опитваше да убеди Рейно в това. Де Гол покани правителството да се премести във владенията на Франция в Северна Африка и да се бие, разчитайки на огромната колониална империя на страната. Председателят на Министерския съвет обаче предпочете да прехвърли властта на маршал Петен. Тогава де Гол извърши безпрецедентен акт. Той решително отказва да се подчини на новите френски власти, които се насочват към капитулация, и на 17 юни 1940 г. лети с военен самолет за Лондон.

В английската столица бунтовническият генерал веднага се среща с британския премиер Уинстън Чърчил и го уверява в твърдото си намерение да продължи борбата. На 18 юни по лондонското радио дьо Гол произнася известна реч, адресирана до своите сънародници. В него той твърди, че ситуацията във Франция далеч не е безнадеждна, тъй като започналата война е от глобален характер и изходът й няма да бъде решен само от битката за Франция. Речта завършва със следните думи: „Аз, генерал дьо Гол, сега в Лондон, каня френски офицери и войници, които са на британска територия или които може да са там, да установят контакт с мен. Каквото и да се случи, пламъкът на Френската съпротива не трябва и няма да угасне. Така още през юни 1940 г. знамето на френската съпротива срещу врага е издигнато.

В Лондон де Гол основава организацията „Свободна Франция“, предназначена да се бори срещу фашистка Германияот страна на Обединеното кралство. Правителството на Виши осъжда задочно де Гол на смърт за „дезертиране“ и „предателство“. Независимо от това, както военни, така и цивилни от голямо разнообразие от среди започват да се присъединяват към свободните французи. Политически възгледии вярвания. В края на 1940 г. имаше само 7 хиляди души, по-малко от две години по-късно този брой се увеличи десетократно.

На 7 август 1940 г. Дьо Гол и Чърчил подписват споразумение относно организирането и използването на френските доброволчески сили в Англия. Де Гол се задължава да формира и упражнява върховното командване на тези сили в съответствие с общите директиви на британското правителство. Великобритания не признава правата на де Гол да упражнява държавна власт и разглежда „свободните французи“ само като доброволци в тяхна служба. Въпреки това осигурява редовна финансова подкрепа на де Гол и му дава възможност да създаде цивилен орган в допълнение към военния. Английската радиостанция BBC също е предоставена на разположение на де Гол. Чрез него „Свободна Франция“ излъчва пропаганда към Франция.

Преди всичко Дьо Гол насочва усилията си към завладяване на френски колонии, главно африкански. С помощта на своите поддръжници той започва активна пропаганда там в полза на продължаване на войната и присъединяване към свободните французи. Северноафриканската администрация категорично отхвърля подобни предложения и остава лоялна към правителството на Виши. Колониите на Френска Екваториална Африка се държаха по различен начин. Още през август 1940 г. Чад се присъединява към де Гол. След известно време Конго, Убанги-Шари, Габон и Камерун преминаха на страната на генерала. Няколко малки френски владения в Тихия океан обявиха признаването му. Това беше първият голям успех. Вярно е, че през септември 1940 г. голистите претърпяха сериозно поражение. Експедицията на англо-френската ескадра, която имаше за цел да превземе най-важното пристанище на Френска Западна Африка - Дакар, завърши с неуспех. Градският гарнизон остана на страната на Виши. И все пак Свободна Франция вече имаше своя собствена териториална база на африканския континент. Това позволява на де Гол да започне да създава своя „държавен апарат“ и решително да се разграничи от правителството на Виши.

На 27 октомври 1940 г. де Гол издава манифест относно лидерството на французите по време на войната. В него той осъжда дейността на кабинета на Петен, говори за незаконността на неговото съществуване и нарича колаборационистите „случайни лидери“, които се подчиняват на врага. Дьо Гол заявява, че от името на Франция ще упражнява власт с единствената цел да защити страната от врага.

В самия край на 1940 г. е създадена Свободната френска служба по политически въпроси. Работата му се ръководи от самия де Гол. Той определи и задачите на дирекцията: „Създаване и използване на информационни служби, които събират материали за политическата ситуация във Франция и империята. Организирайте и подкрепете движението „Свободна Франция“ във Франция и Империята и се опитайте да разширите дейността му към стари и нови политически, социални, религиозни, икономически, професионални и интелектуални организации и да ги убедите в необходимостта в момента всички лични интереси да бъдат подчинени на един - националната. Ръководството се състоеше от Генерален щаби информационно обслужване. На тяхно подчинение бяха три бюра. Първият определя конкретни задачи. Вторият беше да ги извърши на територията на Франция и колониалната империя. Впоследствие прераства в известното Централно бюро за информираност и действие (CBRA). Третият се занимаваше с установяване на контакти с чужбина. Нейни представители са изпратени от Дьо Гол в различни региони на света, за да постигнат признаване на свободните французи от чужди правителства.

През септември 1941 г. де Гол издава Наредба за свободна Франция. Той създава Националния комитет, който временно изпълнява функциите на държавна власт. Той беше призован да съществува, докато „се създаде представителство на френския народ, способно да изрази волята на нацията, независимо от врага“. Националният комитет включва комисари, назначени от неговия председател генерал дьо Гол: Рене Плевен (координира дейността на комитета), Морис Дежан (външни работи), Рене Касен (правосъдие и обществено образование), генерал Лежентил (военни въпроси), адмирал Муселие (военен и търговски флот), генерал Вален (авиационни въпроси), Андре Дителме (вътрешни работи). Комисарите оглавяваха националните комисариати. Така че в рамките на Свободна Франция беше създадено някакво подобие на правителство.

Сътрудничеството на Свободна Франция (от юли 1942 г. - Воюваща Франция) с нейните съюзници в антихитлеристката коалиция в началото не беше лесно. На първо място, това се отнася до развитието на отношенията на де Гол с британското правителство, пред което той защитава френските национални интереси. Ръководителят на свободните французи се стреми да предотврати разпространението на английското влияние във френските колониални владения.

През лятото на 1941 г., в резултат на съвместна военна операция между британците и „свободните французи“, режимът на Виши във френските колонии в Близкия изток - Сирия и Ливан - е свален. През пролетта на 1942 г. Великобритания превзема остров Мадагаскар и ликвидира администрацията на Виши там. Британците искаха да установят властта си в тези френски владения. Дьо Гол се противопоставя категорично на това и с цената на огромни усилия и трудни дипломатически преговори присъединява Сирия, Ливан и Мадагаскар към движението на Свободната Франция.

Веднага след старта на Великия Отечествена войнадьо Гол, от името на Свободната Франция, инициира сътрудничество със СССР, който преди това е поддържал дипломатически отношения с Виши.

Събитията от 22 юни 1941 г. заварват генерала в Африка. На 30 юни правителството на Виши обявява скъсването на дипломатическите отношения със Съветския съюз. Пълномощният представител на СССР при Виши А. Е. Богомолов е незабавно отзован от Франция. Но още на 1 юли посланикът на Съветския съюз във Великобритания И. М. Майски телеграфира от Лондон до Москва, че още преди скъсването с Виши той е бил частно посетен от представителя на де Гол Касен, „който от името на генерала предава съчувствия и най-добри пожелания към СССР.” и в същото време „повдигна въпроса за установяване на някакъв вид връзка между съветското правителство и силите на де Гол”. През август Касин и Дежан отново повдигнаха същия въпрос пред И. М. Майски. И на 26 септември 1941 г. посланикът на СССР във Великобритания предава официален писмен отговор на де Гол: „От името на моето правителство имам честта да ви уведомя, че то ви признава за лидер на всички свободни французи, където и да се намират. са, които се обединиха около вас, подкрепяйки каузата на съюзниците."

Двете страни решиха да си разменят официални представители. В началото на ноември 1941 г. А. Е. Богомолов е изпратен във Великобритания с ранг на извънреден пълномощен посланик на СССР при съюзническите правителства в Лондон. Съветското правителство му поверява функциите за поддържане на контакт със Свободна Франция. Роже Гаро, Раймонд Шмитлен и военният представител генерал Ернест Пети, назначен от де Гол, заминават за Москва.

Съединените щати поддържат дипломатически отношения с Виши преди да влязат във Втората световна война. Въпреки това, американците са заинтересовани да използват френските островни колонии в Атлантическия и Тихия океан, контролирани от свободните французи, като свои военноморски и въздушни бази.

След като Съединените щати влизат във войната на страната на съюзниците през декември 1941 г., де Гол се обръща към Съединените щати с предложение за установяване на дипломатически отношения. Официален Вашингтон дълго време не даде положителен отговор на ръководителя на Свободна Франция. Едва през март 1942 г. САЩ признават властта на Националния комитет на Де Гол на тихоокеанските острови. През юли 1942 г. правителството на САЩ публикува комюнике, признаващо организацията, ръководена от де Гол.

Free India Subhas Chandra Bose е един от лидерите на INC. Той е близък по възгледи до комунистите. Той бяга в окупираната Бирма, при японците. Там на 21 октомври 1943 г. с техните пари той провъзгласява „Свободна Индия“ – „Азад Хинд“. „Азад Хинд“ контролира Андаман и