Liikumist juhtis kindral Charles de Gaulle peakorterist Londonis (Prantsuse rahvuskomitee, kuni 1943. aastani). See seadis endale eesmärgiks taastada Prantsusmaa iseseisvus natside okupantidest ja nendega koostööd teinud Vichy kollaborantidest. Liitus Hitleri-vastase koalitsiooniga.

Liikumisel oli relvi ja ta osales paljudes II maailmasõja operatsioonides. Liikumise edule aitas suuresti kaasa Prantsusmaa-sisese vastupanuliikumise toetus.

Ligikaudu 300 000 võitleva Prantsusmaa hävitajat osales liitlaste dessandil Normandias 1944. aastal. Samal aastal, 24. augustil, naasis de Gaulle võidukalt Pariisi ja asus taastama Prantsuse riiki.

Normandia-Niemen

Ümbernimetamine

2. juunil 1944 nimetas komitee end ümber Prantsuse Vabariigi ajutiseks valitsuseks, mida juhtis kindral Charles de Gaulle.

Wikimedia sihtasutus.

2010. aasta.

Vaadake, mis on "Vaba Prantsusmaa" teistes sõnaraamatutes: - ("Vaba Prantsusmaa") Teise maailmasõja ajal 1939 45 kindral Charles de Gaulle'i (vt Gaulle) kutsel tekkinud liikumise ametlik nimi (kuni juulini 1942), mille eesmärk oli võidelda Prantsusmaa vabastamise eest. natsisakslaste käest......

- (La France libre) ametnik. nimi (kuni juulini 1942), mis tekkis 2. maailmasõja ajal kindrali kutsel. Charles de Gaulle'i liikumine, mille eesmärk oli võidelda Prantsusmaa sellest vabastamise eest. mood. sissetungijad ja nende käsilased. 1942. aasta juulis seoses......

- (Prantsuse Vabariik), riik Lääne-Euroopas, läänes ja põhjas peseb seda Atlandi ookean (Biskaia laht ja La Manche), lõunas Vahemeri (Lyoni laht ja Liguuria meri) . Pindala 551 tuh km2. Rahvastik...... Kaasaegne entsüklopeedia

- (Prantsusmaa) riik läänes. Euroopas. Piirkond 551 601 km2. Meie. 52 300 tuhat inimest (seisuga 1. jaanuar 1974). Üle 90% elanikkonnast on prantslased. Pealinn on Pariis. Valdav enamus usklikke on katoliiklased. 1958. aasta põhiseaduse järgi kuuluvad föderatsiooni lisaks metropolile: ... ... Nõukogude ajalooentsüklopeedia

- (Prantsusmaa), Prantsuse Vabariik (République Française), riik Lääne-Euroopas, läänes ja põhjas peseb seda Atlandi ookeani ja La Manche'i väina, lõunas Vahemeri. 551 tuhat km2. Rahvaarv 58,4 miljonit inimest (1996),... ... Entsüklopeediline sõnaraamat

Prantsusmaa- Chateau d'If. Marseille, Prantsusmaa. PRANTSUSMAA (Prantsuse Vabariik), riik Lääne-Euroopas, läänes ja põhjas peseb seda Atlandi ookean (Biskaia laht ja La Manche), lõunas Vahemeri (Lyoni laht ja Liguuria... ... Illustreeritud entsüklopeediline sõnaraamat

Prantsusmaa- >) /> Juuniülestõus 1848. Litograafia () Juuniülestõus 1848. Litograafia () Prantsusmaa () riik Lääne-Euroopas. Pindala 551 tuhat ruutmeetrit. km. Rahvaarv 57,7 miljonit inimest. Pealinn Pariis. Iidsetel aegadel elasid Prantsusmaa territooriumil gallid (),... ... Maailma ajaloo entsüklopeediline sõnaraamat

PRANTSUSMAA- (Prantsusmaa) Üldteave Ametlik nimi on Prantsuse Vabariik (prantsuse: La République Française, inglise keeles: French Republic). Asub Euroopa lääneosas. Pindala 547 tuhat km2, rahvaarv 59,7 miljonit inimest. (2002). Osariik...... Maailma riikide entsüklopeedia

See artikkel peaks olema wikindatud. Palun vormindage see vastavalt artikli vormistamise reeglitele. “Vaba mõte” on dokumentaalfilmide programm, mis toimub Moskva rahvusvahelise filmifestivali (MIFF ... Wikipedia) raames

Tehakse ettepanek liita see leht ... Vikipeediaga

Raamatud

• Päästa Pariis ja sure, Sergei Zverev. 18. augustil 1944 juhtis Vaba Prantsusmaa ülestõusu Hitleri okupatsiooni vastu ja paar päeva hiljem Pariis vabastati, natside väed kapituleerusid. Charles de...

uTBTSBAEBSSUS zTBOGYS

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oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH GEMPN, LBL LPMMEZYBMSHOSCHK PTZBO, Y LBTSDSCHK YEZP YUMEOPCH CH PFDEMSHOPUFY CHUEZDB PLBSHCHBMY NOE GEOOKHA RPNPESH Y MPSMSHOPE UPDEKUFCHYE. lPOYUOP, UP CHUENY CHBTSOSHNY DEMBNY NOE RTYIPDIMPUSH OBLPNYFSHUS MYYUOP. OP CHUE TSE VTENS, METSBCHYEE TEAVE NOE, UFBMP NEOSHYE CHCHYDH FPZP, YuFP FERETSH NEOS PLTHTSBMY Y PLBSHCHBMY NOE RPNPESH LPNREFEOFOSH UPFTKHDOYLY kohta. lPOYUOP, LFYN NYOYUFTBN, Ъ LPFPTSCHI OH PDYO RTETSDE OE ЪBOYNBM CHYDOPZP PVEEUFHEOOPZP RPUFB, OEDPUFBCHBMP RPDUBU OEPVIPDYNPZP BCHFPTYFEFOFB YPFYCH. OP SING UKHNEMY RTYPVTEUFY FP Y DTHZPE. x LBTsDPZP YЪ OYI, LTPNE FPZP, VSHMY GEOOSHCH LBUEUFCHB Y MYUOSCHK PRSHCHF. h GEMPN TBVPFBS CH lPNYFEFE, SING URPUPVUFCHPCHBMY KHUIMEOYA CHMYSOYS uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY. noe YUBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUFTEYUBFSH UP UFPTPOSCH NPYI UPFTKHDOYLPCH, LPOYUOP, OE PRRPYGYA, OP CHPTBTTSEOYS YMY LTYFYLH RP RPCHPDH NPYI OBNETEOYK Y DEKUFCHYK. h FTHDOSHHE NYOHFSHCH, LPZDB S PVSHYUOP ULMPOSMUS L RTYOSFYA TEYYFEMSHOSHI NO, NOPZYE YUMEOSH lPNYFEFB CHSHCHULBSCCHBMYUSH ЪB LPNRTPNYUU. oP LFP VSHMP DBCE IPTPYP. h LPOYUOPN UUEFE, YЪMPTSYCH UCHPY DPCHPDSH, OH PDY YЪ OBGYPOBMSHOSHI LPNYUUBTPCH OYLPZDB OE PURBTYCHBM NPEZP PLPOYUBFEMSHOPZP TEYEOYS.

y IPFS YOPK TB NOEOYS NPZMY TBDEMYFSHUS, PFCHEFUFCHOOPUFSH GEMYLPN MECBMB NR. h VPTSHVE ЪB PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE NOE, VEDOSZE, RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUEZDB CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE PFCHEYUBFSH ЪB CHUE. PP ZHTBOGYY LP NOE CHUE YUBEE PVTBEBMY UCHPY CHPTSH FE, LFP CHUE VPMSHYE UFTENYMUS L BLFYCHOPNH UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. h LFPN YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMUS CHUE VPMEE SUOSCHK PFCHEF TEAVE NPI RTYYSCCHSHCH kohta. h LFPN RTPSCHMSMPUSH FBLTSE Y UIPDUFCHP OBUFTPEOYK, LPFPTPE NOE LBBBMPUSH UFPMSH TSE OEPVIPDYNSCHN, LBL Y CHPMOHAEIN. ChYDS, YuFP ULMPOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHPCH L TBYAEDYOOYA Y TBBPVEOOOPUFY, LPFPTHA YN OBCHSCHCHBM TETSIN KHZOEFEOYS, URPUPVOB CHSHCHBFSH TBTPЪOOOSCH CHURSCHYL CHURSCHYL CHPUNKI CHPUNKTH YSIMFFUMHE CH YOFETEUBI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, YNEOOOP EDYOUFCHP PRTEDEMSMP VPECHSHCHE KHUREY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, EZP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK IBTBLFET, EZP NETSDHOBTPDOPE OBYEOYE.

oBUYOBS U MEFB 1941 NSCH TBOSCHNY RKhFSNY RPUFEREOOOP KHOBCHBMY PVP CHUEN, YuFP RTPYUIPDYMP CH NEFTPRPMYY. RPNENP FPZP YuFP NPTSOP RTPYUFSH NEFTPH UFTL CBIFBI YU TBDIPREDBU PVEI, RPUFPSOOP RPMHUBMYA Cheeshnb RPMOHA YOLPTNBGYA Hydeshi Chidei TBICHECH TBICHEDLY, DA PEEUEII OLEPFzelpfshpphchch bfsh mitte-ofby kohta, RPLBBYK DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, RTIVSHSHYYYAEEE ECEDOOOCOP YH ZHTBOGYY, UPPVEEIK , LPFPTSHCHE RPUFKHRBMY RP DYRMPNBFYUEULYN LBOBMBN, ЪBSCHMEOYK BNZTBOFPCH, RPTPETSBCHYI YUETE NBDTYD, mYUUBVPO, fBOTSET YMY OSHA-KPTL, Y, OBLPOEG, CH CHYDE RY UEN, LPFPTSCHE U RPNPESH KNPESH UNHUTBUSHUMCHUNCHUNCHUMÜHMOOSY FOYLPCH "uchPPVDOPK zhTBOGYY". h TEЪХМШФБФЭ Х NEOS ULMBDSHCHBMPUSH DEOSH ЪB DOEN FPYUOPE RTEDUFBCHMEOYE PV PVUFBOPCHL. ULPMSHLP TB, VEUEDHS U UPPFEYUEUFHEOILBNY, FPMSHLP YuFP RPLYOKHCHYYNY TPJOH, ZDE POY, PDOBLP, VSHMY ЪBOSFSHCH FPK YMY YOPK NETE RPCHUEDOECHOPK KPKVVPPPSCH UPPHOHPPPSK Y ЪYOBLPPDB S ЪYOBLPPPD MUS CH FPN, YuFP VMBZPDBTS NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHN YUFPYUOILBN YOZHPTNBGYY, LPFPTBS DPUFBCHMSMBUSH OBN GEMPK BTNYEK RTEDBOOSCHI MADEK, NOE MHYUYE, YUEN LPNH-MYVP DTHZPNH, YJCHEUFOP RPMPTSEOYE DEM PE ZhTBOGYY.

b LFP CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH RPJCHPMSMP NOE UDEMBFSH CHSHCHPD P TBMPTSEOYY CHYYUFULZP TETSINB. YMMAYYY CH PFOPEOOYY LFPPZP TETSINB TBUUESMYUSH. m CH yFBFSHCH, B BOZMYS Y “UCHPVDOBS ZHTBOGYS” DPLBЪBMY UCPA URPUPVOPUFSH L UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. KhFCHETTSDEOYE, YuFP TBDY URBUEOYS "NBFETYBMSHOSHI VMBZ" OEPVIPDYNP VSHMP UPZMBUIFSHUS TEAVE RPTBVPEEOOYE UFTBOSHCH, CHZMSDEMP UNIPFCHPTOP, YVP 1500 FSHHCDPCH, CHMYPCDPCH, CHMYPCDPPHS MADEK ; OENGSCH RTBLFYUEULY BOOELUYTPCHBMY UMSHBUY mPFBTYOZYA Y PFTEЪBMY CH BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOPN PFOPYYUECHET UFTBOSH PF PUFBMSHOPK FETTYFPTYY; RTPYCHPDYCHYYEUS PLLHRBOFBNYYYASFYS DEOOTSOSHI UTEDUFCH, USHTSHS, UEMSHULPIPSKUFCHEOOSCHY RTPPNSHCHIMEOOSCHI FPCHBTPCH YUFPEBMY OBUH LLPOPNYLH, CHUE VPMSHYEE VPMSHYEE BOGHBHDEFTBOPCH A. TBZPCHPTSH PV PVPTPOE ZTBOGKHULPK YNRETYY PF "MAVPZP CHTBZB" OE NPZMY KhCE OYLPZP PVNBOKHFSH, U FAIRY RPT LBL ZHTBOGKHULKHA BTNYA Y ZHMPF ЪBUFBCHYMY CHPECHPPCHBCHDWPCHPPCHB TE, zBVPOE, UYYYY nBDBZBULBTE kohta; CH FP CHTENS LBL OENGSCH Y YFBMSHSOGSH Y LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA UCHPVPDOP TBURPTTSSBMYUSH CH BMCYTE, FHOYUE, LBUBVMBOLE Y VEKTHFE, OENEGLYE UBNPMEFSH RTYENMSMYUSH SPLÜLLOPYPPYBMERP Y BLLBYPPYRPYNBURP Y OIYOH. PFOSHHOE UTBTSBAEBSS ZHTBOGYS UFBMB CHPRMPEEOYEN CHUEI OBDETSD TEAVE CHPCHTBF ЪBNPTULYI FETTYFPTYK kohta. POB RPUFEREOOOP KHFCHETTSDBMBUSH CH LCHBFPTYBMSHOPK bZHTYLE, TEAVE PUFTPCBI PLEBOYY, CH rPODYYETY, CH MECHBOFE, PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET kohta, NBDBZBULBTE Y PE ZhTBOGKHULPN UPNB. chNEUFE U FEN POB HCE ЪBTBOEE OERTELMPOOP ЪBSCHMSMB P UCHPYI OEPURPTYNSCHI RTBCHBI TEAVE UECHETOHA bZHTYLKH, UBRBDOHA BZHTYLKH, BOFYMSHULYE PUFTPPCHB YODPLYFBK kohta.

YuFP LBUBEFUS "OBGYPOBMSHOPK TECHPMAGYY", U RPNPESHA LPFPTPK TETSYN chyy RShchFBMUS RTYLTSCHFSH UPVUFCHOOKHA LBRYFHMSGYA, FP UPЪDBCHBMPUSH CHREYUBFMEOYE, LPPIPTSCHBMPUSH CHREYUBFMEOYE, TÜPTIPTPKELNB ShchFBMUS TSHCHE VSHMY UBNY RP UEVE RPMEЪOSCH, OP CH GEMPN POY VSHMY DYULTEDYFYTPCHBOSH FEN, YuFP YI RTPchedeoye UCHSCHCHBMY U TBZTPNPN Y RPTBVPEEOYEN zTBOGYY. TBZPCHPTSH CHYYYUFPCH P NPTBMSHOPN PJDPTPCHMEOYY KHLTERMEOYY CHMBUFY, DBCE YI VEUURPTOSCH RPRSHCHFLY OBCHEUFY RPTSDPL CH PVEEUFCHEOOP-LLPOPNYBTUUBIEULPK TSYYYYBDUD TEAVE CHSTBTSШШБУПУМЕЛИХОШШИПОПОЙМИЯ CHSTTB YUYCHBOYY NBTYBMB REFEOB, UPЪDBOYY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI LPNYUUYK Y LPNYFEFPCH, B RP UKHEEUFCHH POBYUBMY RPDMSHCHE TERTEUUYY, YE RPMYGYYY GEOYHTSCH, RTYCHYMEZYY UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYE YETOPZP TSCHOLB. yFP LPOYUMPUSH FEN, YuFP CH UBNPN CHYYYUFULPN THLPCHPDUFCHE RPSCHYMYUSH RTYOBLY EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHB Y TBVTPDB. chPF LBL TBCHYCHBMYUSH UPVSHCHFYS U LPOGB 1940 Y CHRMPFSH DP MEFB 1942: KhChPMSHOOYE mBChBMS; UPЪDBOIE CH RBTYETSE nBTUEMEN DEB, DEMPOLMEN, MAYETPN, nBTLE, UABTEЪPN Y DTKHZYNY "OBGYPOBMSHOPZP OBTPDOPZP PVAEDYOEOOYS", LPFPTPPE RTY RTSNPK RPDDETZPPCHDB TPHULPCHDB PLHLLPHROUT TYLMYCHHA RTPRBZBODH CH RPMSHЪKH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U OENGBNY; VEULPOYUOSCH YЪNEOOYS RPMOPNPYUK dBTMBOB; PFUFBCHLY YUMEOPCH LBVYOEFB: yVBTOEZBTY, vPDKHOB, bMSHVETB, zhMBODEOB, RECTHFPOB, yECHBMSHE, BYBTTB Y DTHZYI, LPFPTSCHE PDO ЪB DTKHZYN ЪБФББSCHPMY, OUTBDTСББSCHPMY Б ОКЭШЧРПМОНБ; ЪБЗБДПУОПЭ ЪППЦІДБOOPE RTELTBEEOYE RTPGEUB CH TYPNE {174} ; PFUFBCHLB chEKZBOB; RPLHOYEOYE lPMEFFB MBChBMS-i kohta; TEAVE RPUMEDOEZP ZMBCHPK RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB kohta. UBN NBTYBM REFEO PFLTSCHFP RTYOBCHBM UCHPE PFYUBSOOPE RPMPTSEOYE. “s PEKHEBA ULCHETOSCHK CHEFET, LPFPTSCHK DHEF YЪ NOPZYI TBKPOPCH zhTBOGYY, ZPCHPTYM PO, CHCHUFKHRBS RP TBDYP CH BCHZKHUFE 1941. veURPLPKUFChP PCHMBDECHBEF KHNB. h DKHYY CHLTBDSHCHBEFUS UPNOEOYE. bCHFPTYFEF RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB PURBTYCHBEFUS. rTYLBYSHCHSHCHRPMOSAFUS RMPIP. oBUFPSEYK OEDKHZ PICHBFSHCHBEF ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD. h YAOE UMEDHAEEZP ZPDB, PFNEYUBS CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYOH UCHPEK RTPUSHVSH P RETENYTYY, AUTORI UBSCHIM CH TEYUY, FTBOUMYTPCHBCHYEKUS RP TBDYP: „koos PFOADSH OE ULTSHCHBA, PFNEYUBS CHFPTHA UDPCHEYOH UCHPEK RTPUSHVSH P RETENYTYP

rP NETE FPZP LBL DHFP CHEMYUYE CHYYYUFULLPZP TETSINB YUYUEBMP RPCHUADH, CH NEFTPRPMYY CHPOYLBMY PYUBZY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. eUFEUFHEOOP, TEYUSH YMB P DEKUFCHYSI, PUEOSH TBMYUOSHI RP IBTBLFETH, YBUFP OE PUEOSH YUEFLP PRTEDEMOOOSCHI, OP RTEUMEDPCHBCHYI EDYOKHA GEMSH. h PDOPN NEUFE UPUFBCHMSMY, REYUBFBMY Y TBURTPUFTBOSMY TBOPZP TPDB MYUFPCHLY. h DTHZPN UPVYTBMY UCHEDEOYS TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOPZP IBTBLFETB P RTPPFYCHOYLE. NHTSEUFCHEOOSCH MADI UPJDBCHBMY ZTHRRSH DEKUFCHYS, LPFPTSCHESCHSHRPMOSMY UBNSHCHE TBOPPVTBOSCH ЪBDBUY: OBMEFSCH TEAVE CHTBZB, RPTYUH YNHEEUFCHB, RPMHYUEOYE UVPFUSCHYBURTHBUCHBCHEE RBTBYAFBI YMY DPUFBCHMSMYUSH DTKHZYNY RHFSNY, RETEYPD Y PDOPK ЪPOSHCH DTKHZHA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHLH BZEOFPCH, RETEYPD ZTBOYGSH Y F. R. h TSDE NEUF UPJDBCHBMYUSH ЪBTPDSHY PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YUMEOSH LPFPTSCHI PVAEDYOSMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK MYVP RP KHLBBOYSN CHCHUYI YOUFBOGYK, MYVP CHUFBOGYK, MYVP CH UYMKY. pDOYN UMPCHPN, ЪБ CHOEYOEK RBUUYCHOPUFSHY VEDEKUFCHYEN, LPFPTSCHE, LBBBMPUSH, GBTYMY H NEFTPRPMYY, uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE OBUYOBMP TSYFSH UCHPEK BLFYCHOPK TSYFSH UCHPEK BLFYCHOPK TPDOSSYRP. VPKGSH UPRTPFYCHMEOYS PE ZHTBOGYY ZPFPCHYMYUSH FERTSH OBOPUYFSH HDBTSH RP CHTBZH, OEUNPFTS ABOUT ZHUFHA UEFSH RPMYGEKULYI Y DPOPUYLPCH.

h UEOFSVTE 1941 OBYUBMBUSH UETYS YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHI OBRBDEOYK OENEGLYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI kohta. RETCHSHNY VSHMY KHVYFSH LPNEODBOF ZBTOY'POB CH OBOFE, PZHYGET CH vPTDP Y DCHB UPMDBFB CH rBTYTSE TEAVE KHMYGE YBNRYPOOE kohta. ъBFEN YUYUMP KHVYFSHI UFBMP TBUFY. NUFS ZHTBOGKHBN, CHTBZ UPFOSNY TBUUFTEMYCHBM ЪBMPTSoilPCH, VTPUBM CH FATSHNSCH FSHUSYU RBFTYPFPCH, LPFPTSHCHE RPFPN CHSHCHUSCHMBMYUSH ZJ BMYUSH RPLHOYEOYS. u YUKHCHUFChPN NTBYUOPK ZPTDPUFY KHOBCHBMY NSCH PV LFK CHPKOE PDYOPYUEL, LPFPTSHCHE RPDCHETZBMY UEVS PZTPNOPNH TYULKH, VPTSUSH U PLLHRBOFBNY. u DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, ZYVEMSH ZHTBOGKHIPCH TSETFCH PFCHEFOSHI TERTEUUYK OENGECH CHSHCHCHBMB CH OBUYI UETDGBI ULPTSH, OP PFOADSH OE PFYUBSOYE, RP UFPNH YuFP NSCH LFP BLUEMSH ZHTBOGKHIPCH TSETFCH. pDOBLP YUIPDS YY BMENEOFBTOSCHI FTEVPVCHBOYK CHPEOOPK OBHLY, NSCH UYYFBMY, YuFP VPTShVPK OHTsOP THLLPCHPDYFSH Y YuFP L FPNKH TSE EEE OE OBUFKHRIM CHHE NPNKH TSE EEE OE OBUFKHRIM NPKUTPCHHE NPFEVPECPHYS OBUYOBHCFSFSH vPTSHVB, TBUUUYFBOOBS TEAVE FP-st, YuFPVSH OE DBCHBFSH RTPFYCHOILH RPLPS, ЪBFEN BLFYCHOSHE PRETBGYY CHOKHFTEOYI UYM uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH OBNEYOOOSCHI RHOLPOPPE FUPPOEG, HOOBPP SCH OBNETECHBMYUSH OBYUBFSH CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF, NPZMY VSC VSHCHFSH CHEUSHNB YZHZHELFYCHOSCHNY RTY HUMPCHYY, YuFP CHUE LFP HDBMPUSH VSC PUHEEUFCHYFSH LBL PDOP GEMPE CH UPUEFBOY Y DEKUFCHYSNY BTNYK PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. NETSDH FEN CH 1941 uPRTPFYCHMEOYE EDCHB OBUYOBMP ЪBTPTsDBFSHUS, Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH OBMY, YUFP POP NPTsEF RPFETREFSH ORPMOPE RPTPSHTBTTSEOYE LFPPDPDHFB SHOP ZEEYOBMP ZPFPCHSHCHCHUBDIFSHUS RPVETSSHE KOHTA.

chPF RPYUENKH 23 PLFSVTS S ЪBSCHYM RP TBDYP: „fPF ZhBLF, YuFP ZhTBOGKHSCH KHVYCHBAF OENGECH, SCHMSEFUS BVUPMAFOP OPTNBMSHOSCHN Y BVUPMAFOP PRTBCHDBOOSHCHN. eUMY OENGSH OE IPFSF, YuFPVSH NSCH YI KHVYCHBMY, YN UMEDHEF PUFBCHBFSHUS DPNB... rPUME FPZP LBL YN OE HDBMPUSH RPLPTYFSH NYT, LBTSDSCHK OENEG OBEF, YuFP UFVFT BOEF KHVYCHBMY. OP UHEEUFCHHEF FBLFLYLB CHEDEOYS CHPKOSCH. chPKOPK DPMTSOSCH THLPCHPDYFSH FE, LPNH LFP RPTTHYUEOP... h OBUFPSEE CHTENS NPK RTYLBJ DMS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPC FETTYFPTYY: OENGECH PFLTSCHFP OE HVYCHBFSH! ON CHCHCHBO EDYOUFCHEOOSCHN UPPVTBTCEOYEN: UEKYBU CHTBZ NPTSEF UPCHETYOOOP WEURTERSFUFCHEOOP PUHEEUFCHMSFSH NBUUPCHSHCHE HVYKUFCHB OBUYI RPLB EEE VEJPTTHTSOSHI VPTGPC. oBRTPFYCH, LBL FPMSHLP NSCH UNPTSEN RETEKFY CH OBUFHRMEOYE, VHDHF PFDBOSCH UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE RTYLBYSHCH.

UFTENSUSH UPLTBFYFSH UCHPY RPFETY, LPFPTSCHE RTY UMPTSYCHYEKUS PVUFBOPCCHLE VSHMY UMYYLPN CHEMILY RP UTBCHOEYA U DPUFYZOHFSHCHNY CHEUSHNB OOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY TEKHMSHFНОПОБЕЙНЕЙНЯ ФЕЛЕНИНЯ ФЕЛЕНИНЯ ФЕВИКАНЕЙНЕЙНЯ ФЕВИКАНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕНЕ että НОВОПОФОФЕЛОЕЛН että FSH TEBLGYA NBUU KOHTA OENEGLYE TERTEUUY CH YOFETEUBI KHLTERMEOYS OBGYPOBMSHOPK UPMYDBTOPUFY Y URMPYUEOYS UYM ZHTBOGHYULPZP OBTPDB. 25 PLFSSVTS, KOHTA UMEDHAEIK DEOSH RPUM LBJOY 50 ЪБМПЦОЛПЧ Ш оКОФЭ И ыБФПВТИБОПЧ Ъ 50 UDPSCHE SPHBDPECH HRBFTYPYPY: tBUUUFTEMYCHBS OBYI MAD EK, CHTBZ TBUUUYFSHCHBM ЪBRKHZBFSH ZhTBOGYA. ZhTBOGYS DPLBTSEF, YuFP EE ЪBRKHZBFSH OEMSH... s RTYЪSCCHBA CHUEI ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y CHUEI ZHTBOGKHTSEOPL RTELTBFYFSH CHUSLHA TBVPFH Y CHUSLPE DCHYTSEOYE FBN, UFSYFHF SVHD, UFS POYFSHUS4 UBUPCH DP 4 YUBUPCH 05 NYOHF, U FEN YUFPVSH LFP UETSHEOPE RTEDPUFETETSEOYE , LFB NPEOBS OBGYPOBMSHOBS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBMB UYMKH VTBFULPK UPMYDBTOPUFY ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y RPLBЪBMB CHTBZH, LBLBS PRBUOPUFSH RPDUFETADHEZBEF UPE EZP." OBLBOKHOE OBNEYOOOPZP DOS S RPCHFPTYM UCHPK RTYYSHCHCH. uPUFPSCHYBSUS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTYPVTEMB PE NOPZYI NEUFBI, PUPVEOOOP EBCHPDBI, CHOKHOYYFEMSHOSHCHK IBTBLFET kohta. h TEKHMSHFBFE PE NOE KHLTERYMBUSH TEYINPUFSH OE DPRKHULBFSH, YUFPVSH DCHYTSEOYE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSHCHMYMPUSH H BOBTIYA; OBRTPFYCH, S IPFEM DPVYFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBOOPUFY, OE RTEUELBS CHNEUFE U FEN YOYGYBFYCHSHCH, LPFPTBS VSHMB EZP DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK, Y OE PFCHETZBS CHBYNOPK uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE NPZMP VSH VSHCHFSH RPMOPUFSHA MILCHYDYTPCHBOP PDOYN HDBTTPN.

PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE KHYBUFOYL DCHYTSEOYS UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y EZP PTZBOYBGYY PE NOPZYI PFOPEYOSI DEKUFCHBMY FERTSH U VPMSHYPK TEYINPUFSHA, OP POY YURSHCHFSHCHBMY PUFTHABHIPEGYPEGY. FBN, ZDE POY NPZMY Y DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBKFY, FP EUFSH CH FPN, YuFP PUFBCHBMPUSH PF BTNYY, RKHFSH RTEZTBTSDBMY CHYYUFSHCH. y FEN OE NEOEE RETCCHHE KHDBTSHCH RP CHTBZKH VSHMY OBOUEOSCH CHPEOOOSCHNY. pZHYGETSCH BTNEKULYI Y PLTHTSOSHI YFBVPCH RTSFBMY PTHTSIE PF LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA. TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOBS UMKHTSVB RTDPDPMTSBMB FBKLPN CHEUFY LPOFTTBCHEDLH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PFRTBCHMSMB BOZMYUBOBN YOZHTNBGYA. rTY UPDEKUFCHYY ZEOETBMPCH ZHTTB, DEMEUFTOB, CHETOP {175} , vMPL-dBUUP, dATNEKETB, U RPNPESH, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PZHYGETULYI LMHVPCH RPDZPFBCHMYCHBMYUSH NPVYMYYBGYPOOSHE NETPRTYSFYS. ZEOETBM lpy UFBM CHEUFY BLFYCHOHA RTPPRBZBODH RTPFYCH LBRYFKHMSOFULYI OBUFTPEOYK. UTEDY THLPCHPDYFEMEK NPMPDETSOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, CH UPUFBCH LPFPTSCHI CHIPDIMP OBYUYFEMSHOPE LPMYUEUFCHP VSHCHYI CHPEOOSCHI, NOPZYE FTEOYTPCHBMYUSH UBNY Y HYUMY PCHHTSYMB DTHENSHY. h PUFBCHYYIUS CHYOULY YUBUFSI RPYUFY CHUE PZHYGETSH, HOFET-PZHYGETSH Y UPMDBFSH OE ULTSHCHBMY UCHPYI OBDETSD CHOPPSH RTYOSFSH KHYUBUFYE CH VPSI.

oBUEMEOYE PFOPUYMPUSH L LFPNH CHEUSHNB RPMPTSYFEMSHOP. rTYCHOOBS YI ZhTBOGYY LYOPITPOILB, LPFPTHA S RTPUNPFTEM CH mPODPOE, UMKHTSYMB OBZMSDOSHCHN FPNKH DPLBBBFEMSHUFCHPN. h ZHYMSHNE VSCHM ЪBUOSF NPNEOF, LPZDB REFEO PE CHTENS PDOPK YUCHPYI RPEDPL CH NBTUEMSH RPSCHYMUS TEAVE VBMLPOE TBFKHYY RETED ChPKULBNYY OBTPDPN, LPFPTSCHE CHSTBCUCHPTYBTYCHYBPTYFFUCMY YUCHPYBTYFSYCHBMY UFPTSCHE YUCHPYFYFFYCHYBTYFYCHYM . NPTsOP VSHMP UMSHCHYBFSH, LBL, RPCHYOKHSUSH EDYOPDHYOPNH EDYOPDHYOPNH OBUFTPEOYA LFK NBUUSCH MADEK, KIRJAS LTYLOKHM: "oe ЪBVHDSHFE, YuFP CHUE CHSC NPVYMYЪPCHBOSHCH!" fY UMPCHB CHSHCHBMY VKHTOSHCHK LOFKHYBIN CHUEI UPVTBCHYIUS, CHPEOOSHCHY OECHPEOOOSCHI, LPFPTSHCHE UNESMYUSH Y RMBLBMY PF CHPMOEOOYS.

fBLYN PVTBBPN, OEUNPFTS TEAVE FP YuFP BTNYS RPFETSMMB KHVYFSHCHNY YMY RMEOOSCHNY VPMSHYOUFChP UCHPYI YBUFP MKHYYI UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH, POB UFYIYKOP LÜP UFYIYKOP CHFP POMSHOMBUSHBHP UFTENYMBH TPPFYCHMEOYE. pDOBLP YNEOOP bFPZP Y OE IPFEMP "RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP", LPFPTPNH BTNYS RPDYYOSMBUSH. chYYYUFULYK TETSYN, UPITBOSCHYK CHOYUBME CHYDYNPUFSH OEKFTBMYFEFB, ЪBFEN CHUFBCHYYK TEAVE RHFSH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U CHTBZPN, RPNEYBM BTNYY PUKHEEUFCHOBCHBCHBCHPE ROHKTYFCHY NPTBMSHOP PLBBBBMBUSH CH FHRYLE, CHSHCHIPD YЪ LPFPTPZP NPTsOP VSHMP OBKFY, MYYSH PFLBBCHYUSH PF ZHTBNBMSHOPK DYUGYRMYOSCH. iPFS NOPZYE CHPEOOSH CHUE TSE RPIMY TEAVE LFP-st, PUPVEOOOP LFP UPUFPSM CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YMY LFP CHUFKHRYM CH FBKOHA BTNYA, YMY, OBLPOEG, FE, LFP RPTNPOYSTPOYSTPGY ”, ZBLFYUEULY DCHYTSEOYE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSCHOKHTSDEOP VSHMP RETCHPE CHTENS UBNP ZPFPCHYFSH UCHPY LBDTSH.

h "UChPPVDOPK" ЪPOE FBLYE PTZBOYBGYY, LBL "lPNVB" PE ZMBCHE U LBRYFBOPN ZhTEO {176} , "mYVETBUSHPO", CH LPFPTPK PUOPCHOKHA TPMSH YZTBM BNBOAMSH D "BUFSH DE MB CHITSETY {177} , “ZhTBO-FYTET”, THLPChPDUFChP LPFPTPK ChPЪZMBCHMSM TsBO-rshet MECHY {178} , ЪBOYNBMYUSH BLFYCHOPK RTPRBZBODYUFULKK DESFEMSHOPUFSHA Y UPЪDBCHBMY CHPEOYYTPCHBOOSCH ZHTNYTPCHBOYS. pDOPCHTEENOOOP PUFBFLY VSHCHYI RTPZHUPAOSCHI PTZBOYBGYK "CHUEPVEEK LPOZHEDETBYY FTHDB" Y "ZhTBOGKHULPK LPOZHEDETBYY ITYUFYBOULYI FTHDSEYIUS" CHEMY RTPRBZBODДPXYCH PFPMUPAOSCHI PTZBOYBGYK ХХППМАСТПXY. bOBMPZYUOHA TBVPFKH RTPCHPDYMY TBMYUOSHE ZTHRRYTPCHLY, UPUFPSCHIYE YUMEOOPCH VSHCHYI RBTFYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY FBLYI, LBL UPGYBMYUFYUEULBS, oBTPDOSHE DENPLTBFSCH YtDEBGYZTHRRYTPCHLY. rPULPMSHLH ЪPOB OE VSHMB PLLHRYTPCHBOB OENGBNY, VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, EUFEUFHEOOP, RTPPFYCH CHYYUFULZP TETSINB, RTPPHYCH EZP RPMYGYY FTYVHOBMPCH. rTY LFPN THLPCHPDYFEMY, ZPFPCHS UYMSCH, LPFPTSCHE CH UMHYUBE OEPVIPDYNPUFY NPZMY VSHFSH YURPMSHJPCHBOSH RTPPFYCH CHTBZB, DKHNBMY P ЪBICHBFE CHMBUFY Y CHYDEMY CHPPHPHDYCH UPSPHOY UTEDUFCHP DMS UNEOSH TETSINB.

rPMYFYUEULYK IBTBLFET PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH DEMBM, EUFEUFCHOOOP, YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOPK, URPUPVUFCHPCHBM RTYCHISDFPSCHEMCHBM YCHIMSFESCHEMYA, Y I RTPRBZBODE ЪMPVPDOECHOPUFSH Y ЪBTSYZBFEMSHOPUFSH, LPFPTSHCHE VKhDIMY KHNSCH. OP U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, RPMOPE UPZMBUYE Y CHSHCHFELBAEBS PFUADB UPCHNEUFOBS DESFEMSHOPUFSH THLPCHPDSEYI LPNYFEFPCH UFTBDBMY PF CHUEZP LFPZP. UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YUFP TSDPCHCHE YUMEOSH FUYI PTZBOYBGYK Y UPYUKHCHUFCHHAEYE RPYUFY OE YOFETEUPCHBMYUSH OH DBMSHOEKYEK RTPZTBNNPK CH UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, OH RTBCHYFEMEC. rP PVEENKH NOEOYA, ZMBCHOPE UPUFPSMP CH FPN, YUFPVSH UTBTSBFSHUS YMY RP LTBKOEK NETE ZPFPCHYFSHUS L LFPNH. dPVSHCHBFSH PTHTSYE, KHUFTBYCHBFSH FBKOILY, RPDZPFBCHMYCHBFSH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH OBMEFSH CHPF P YUEN YMB TEYUSH! y LFK GEMSHHA OBDP VSHMP PTZBOYPCHCHBFSH ZTKHRRSCH TEAVE NEUFBI ЪOBAEYI DTHZ DTHZB MADEK, YULBFSH UTEDUFCHB DMS VPTSHVSH Y DETSBFSH SJSHL ЪB ЪНЯВБ. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, EUMY CHOKHFTY PTZBOYBGYK Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP PFOPUYFEMSHOPE EDYOUFChP CHZMSDHR, FP RTBLFYUEULBS VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, OPPVPTTHVB CHEMBUSH, OPPVPTTEMSCHNYPF, TBTPJOOOSCHNY ZT KHRUPPTEMFENYTH , DEKUFCHPCHBMY UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP Y PURBTYCHBMY DTKHZ KH DTHZB RTBCHP TEAVE YNECHYYEUS CH NYETOPN LPMYUEUFCHE PTHTSYE DEOSHZY kohta.

h PLLKHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE, CH KHUMPCHYSI OERPUTEDUFCHOOOPK PRBUOPUFY, FBLPK LPOHLHTEOGYY OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP, PDOBLP TBPVEEOOPUFSH MADEK Y KHUIMYK RTPSCHMSMBUSH FBN SPTBHOJDP UPTBHOOPJDP. fBN VShchMP RTSNPE Y PRBUOPE UPUEDUFChP U RTPFYCHOILPN. rTYIPDYMPUSH YNEFSH DEMP U ZEUFBRP. OE VSHMP OILBLPK CHPNPTSOPUFY RETEDCHYZBFSHUS, RETERYUSCHCHBFSHUS, CHSHCHVYTBFSH LCHBTFYTH, OE RPDCHETZBSUSH UFTPZPNH LPOFTPMA. CHUE RPDPYFEMSHOSH RPRBDBMY CH FATSHNH Y CHCHUSCHMBMYUSH. yuFP LBUBEFUS BLFYCHOPZP uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, FP EZP VPKGCH OEKHNPMYNP RPDUFETEZBMY RSHCHFLY Y UNETFSH. h FYI HUMPCHYSI UIMSH VSHMY LTBKOYE TBURSHCHMEOSCH. CHNEUFE U FEN, RTYUKHFUFCHYE OENGECH UPЪDBCHBMP PVUFBOPCHLH, FPMLBCHYKHA TEAVE UPRTPFYCHMEOYE, UPЪDBOYE RPDRPMSHOSHI PTZBOYBGYK kohta. chPF RPYUENH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH LFK ЪPOE RTYPVTEFBMP OBRTSSEOOSHCHK CHPEOOP-ЪBZPCHPTEYUEULYK IBTBLFET. "ZTBTSDBOULBS Y CHPEOOBS PTZBOYBGYS", PUOPCHBOOBS RPMLPCHOILPN fHOY, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS" PE ZMBCHE U TYRPYEN, PTZBOOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS" {179} , PTZBOYBGYS "pUCHPVPTSDEOOYE UECHETB", LPFPTHA UZhPTNYTPCHBM LBCHBKEU, OBLPOEG, PTZBOYBGYS "zPMPU UECHETB", PUOPCHBOOBS Ch'OP, PE ZhMBODTYY, CH LTBA YPPDufLPFTFUTCHEZNCH PPPDDÜTBFLUCHETB YUSHCHBMYUSH RTDETTSYCHBFSHUS LBLPZP-MYVP RPMYFYUEULPZP OBRTBCHMEOYS, CHEMY FPMSHLP CHPPTHTSEOHA VPTSHVH Y DEKUFCHPCHBMY OEVPMSHYYNYY , YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHNY DTKhZ PF DTHZB RPDRPMSHOSHSHNY ZTHRRRBNY.

h LPOGE 1941 LPNNHOYUFSHCH UCHPA PYUETEDSH CHUFKHRYMYH VPTSHVH. dP LFPPZP YI THLPCHPDYFEMY ЪBOINBMY RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPYYA L PLHLHRBOFBN, ЪBFP TELP OBRBDBMY BOZMPUBLUPOULYK LBRYFBMYYN Y EZP RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPYYA L PLHLHRBOFBN TEAVE BOZMPUBLUPOULYK LBRYFBMYYN Y EZP RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP OBRBDBMY TEAVE. pDOBLP YI RPCHEDEOYE NNEOFBMSHOP YYNEOYMPUSH, LPZDB ZYFMET OBRBM TEAVE TPUUYA, B POY UBNY U FTHDPN UKHNEMY HKFY CH RPDRPMSHE Y KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHSY, OEPVIPDYNSCHE VPTSHVSHMS D. chRTPYUEN, POY VSCHMY L OEK RPDZPFPCHMEOSCH UCHPEK UYUFENPK RBTFYKOSCHI SUEEL, UELTEFOPUFSHA UCHEPEK YETBTIYY, RTEDBOOPUFSHA UCHPYI LBDTPCH. h OBGYPOBMSHOHA CHPKOKH POY CHLMAYUMYUSH PFCHBTTSOP Y KHNEMP, PFLMYLBSUSH VEUURPTOP (PUPVEOOOP TSDPCHCHESH YUMEOSH) TEAVE ЪПЧ TPДYOSCH, OP OYLPZDB OE FETSS YBLOYUMYUSH,ЪBBLOYBTYHY ЪBLMAYUBCHYHAUS CH FPN, YUFPVSH KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHPA DYLFBFHTH, CHPURPMSHЪPCHBCHYYUSH DTBNPK, LPFPTHA RETETSYCHBMB ZHTBOGYS . SING CHUE CHTENS UFTENYMYUSH UPITBOIFSH UB UPVPK UCHPVPDH DEKUFCHYK. OP CHNEUFE U FEN, RPMSH'HSUSH OBUFTPEOYSNY VPTGPCH uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH FPN YUYUME Y CH PYI UPVUFCHEOOSHI TSDBI, LPFPTSHCHE IPFEMY FPMSHLP CHPECHBFSH, POY KHRPTOP YFTENYEDYPROYFFUCHFFEY, POY TECHTBFYFSH EZP, EUMY PLBTSEFUS CHPNPTSOSHCHN, CH PTHDYE UCHPYI YUEUFPMAVICHSHI KHUFTENMEOYK.

fBL, CH PLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE POY UPЪDBMY "oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZHTPOF" ZTHRRYTPCHLH YUYUFP RBFTYPFYUEULPZP IBTBLFETB, Y PTZBOYBGYA "ZhTBOFYTETSH Y RBTOBSYMBULBTFY" UYFEMSHOP DMS VPTSHVSH U OENGBNY. h FY PTZBOYBGYY SING RTYCHMELBMY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH OELPNNHOYUFYUEULYE BMENEOFSHCH, YUFPVSH FEN UBNSCHN NBULYTPCHBFSH UCHPY BNSHUMSHCH. laula ЪBUSHMBMY UCHPYI MADEK RPD TBOSCHN CHYDPN CH THLPCHPDSEYE PTZBOSHCH CHUEI DTHZYI PTZBOYBGYK. laulge RTEDMPTSYMY NOE CHULPTE UCHPE UPDEKUFCHYE, RTY LFPN OH TEAVE NYOHFKH OE RETEUFBCHBS UMPUMPCHYFSH RP BDTEUKH "DEZPMMECHULZP NYZHB" kohta.

YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS NEOS, FP S IPFEM FPMSHLP, YuFPVSH SING RTYOPUYMY RPMSHЪKH. h VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN OEMSHHS RTEOEVTEZBFSH OILBLYNY UYMBNYY, Y S UYFBM, YUFP YI KHYUBUFYE SCHYFUS UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHN CHLMBDPN CH FH UCHPEPVTBOKHA CHPKOKH, LPFPTHRMP CHEMYBUSHLL CHPKOKH, LPFPTHRMP CHEMYBUSHLL. OP UMEDPCHBMP DPVYFSHUS, YUFPVSH POY DEKUFCHPCHBMY LBL YUBUFSH EDYOPK PTZBOYBGYY Y, ULBTSKH VEJ PVIOSLPCH, RPD NPYN THLPCHPDUFCHPN. rPMBZBSUSH PE NOPZPN TEAVE NPZKHYUKHA UYMKH OBGYPOBMSHOPZP YUKHCHUFCHB Y OEDPCHETYE kohta LPZDB RTDEF CHTENS, CH EZP THLPCHPDUFCHE. pDOBLP UFPMSH TSE FCHETDP S TEYM OE DPRHULBFSH, YUFPVSH POY UNPZMY ЪBOSFSH DPNYOTHAEE RPMPTSEOYE, PFFEUOYFSH NEOS Y PYUHFYFSHUS X THLPCHPDUFCHB. fTBZEDYS, TEYBCHYBS UHDSHVKH ZTBOGYY, DBCHBMB LFYN ZHTBOGKHYBN, LPPTTSCHI CHPNHEBCHYBS YI OEURTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH RPUFBCHYMB CHOE OBGYY, B PYYVLY RPCHEMP UHDSHVKH RPhPTPHULFYMY, MPHPTPHULFYMY OPCHSH UFBFSH YUBUFSH EDYOPK OBGYY, IPFS VSC FPMSHLP TEAVE RETYPD VPTSHVSHCH kohta. koos IPFEM UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH LFB CHPTNPTSOPUFSH OE VSHMB OBCHUEZDB RPFETSOB. y FPZDB, LBL y Ch RTPYMPN, UP UMPCHBNY "dB ЪDTБЧУФЧХЭФ ЖТКОГИС!" NPZMY VSC HNYTBFSH CHUE, LFP FBL YMY YOBYUE PFDBCHBM ЪB OEE UCHPA TSYOSH. h OERTETSCHOPN DCHYTSEOYY TSYYOY CHUE DPLFTYOSCH, CHUE YLPMSCH, CHUE TECHPMAGYY RTEIPDSEY. lPNNHOYIN OE CHUEOO. OP ZhTBOGYS CHEYUOB. koos KHCHETEO, YuFP CH EE UKHDSHVE VPMSHYKHA TPMSH USCHZTBEF CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE FPF ZBLF, YuFP RTY CHUEI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI PE CHTENS PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS -CH LFPF PÜÜPPETSDEOOYS -CH LFPF PÜÜF OEDPMZYK, OP TEYBATYPEKYMPEKYOPK FEPTY RÖÖBEIKEKYMPY UEOOOPK OBGYEK.

h PLFSVTE 1941 S KHOOBM, YuFP h mYUUBVPO RTYVSHHM YЪ ZhTBOGYY TsBO nKHMIO {180} , LPFPTSHK IPFEM RPRBUFSH H mPODPO. koos ЪOBM-iga, LFP VShchM LFPF YuEMPCHEL-iga. s ЪOBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, YuFP LBL RTEZHELF DERBTFBNEOFB y T Y mHBT ON RTPSCHYM CHSHUPLPPE NHTSEUFChP Y DPUFPYOUFChP PE CHTENS CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH H yBTFT. OENGSH CHUSYUEULY PULPTVMSMY EZP, TBOYMY Y VTPUYMY CH FATSHNH. h LPOGE LPOGPCH VSHM PUCHPVPTSDEO, ENKH RTYOEUMY YICHYOEOYS. CHYYYUFSH UNEUFYMY EZP U RPUFB, Y OBIPDIYMUS CH PRBME. ЪOBM, UFP ON IPFEM UMHTSYFSH. rПФПНХ С РПРТПУМ Х ВТІФБУЛИ ЦМБУFEК OBRTBCHYFSH LFPZP DPUFPKOPZP YUEMPCHELB CH BOZMYA. pDOBLP RTYYMPUSH TsDBFSH DCHB NEUSGB, YuFPVSH RPMKHYYFSH YI UPZMBUYE. "YOFEMMYDTSEOU UETCHYU" UFTENYMBUSH CHOSFSH nHMYOB L UEVE, B PO, OBPVPTPF, FTEVPCHBM, YUFPVSHCH EZP PFRTBCHIMY CH NPE TBURPTTSEOYE. vMBZPDBTS OBUFPSFEMSHOPK RTPUSHVE, U LPFPTPK S CH RYUSHNEOOOPK ZHTNE PVTBFYMUS L IDEOX, LFPF YuEUFOSCHK ZHTBOGKH UNPZ RTYVSCHFSH L NEUFKH OBYEOYS. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY NOE UFPYMP FBLYI TSE KHUIMYK PVEUREYUYFSH EZP CHPCHTBEEOOYE PE ZhTBOGYA. h FEYUEOOYE DELBVTS, MIDA OYN RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOSHESCH VUEEDCH. TsBO nKhMIO DP PFYAEDB CH mPODPO YNEM NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHUFTEYUY U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY CHUEI PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y, LTPNE FPZP, ЪPODYTPYUYUMEOOTHBM RPYLPYUYUMEOORPLY, MYLPYUCHEURPY I Y BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOSHI UZHETBI. vastavalt IPTPYP OBM PVUFBOPCHLH FBN, ZDE M U UBNPZP OBYUBMB RTEDRPMBZBM EZP YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH. DEMBM SUOSCH RTEDMPTSEOYS YUEFLP YIMBZBM UCHPY RTPUSHVSHCH.

yFPF YUEMPCHEL, EEE NMPPDK, OP HTSE OBLPRYCHYYK UMKHTSEVOSHCHK PRSHCHF, VSHM FPK TSE EBBLBMLY, YuFP Y CHUE NPI MKHYUYE URPDCHYTSOIL. CHUEK DKHYPK MAVSEIK ZHTBOGYA, KHVETSDEOOOSCHK CH FPN, YuFP "DEZPMMYYN" DPMTSEO VSHFSH OE FPMSHLP YOUFTHNEOFPN VPTSHVSHCH, OP Y DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK CHUSLPZP PVHCOPCHTEMPEEB EN FCHB SCHMSEFUS "UChPVPDOBS ZhTBOGYS", POOLT UFTENYMUS L VPMSHYYN DEMBN. l FPNH TSE, VKHDHYUYEMPCHELPN ЪDTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN, FTEЪChP PGEOYCHBS CHEY Y MADEK, POOLT PUEOSH PVDHNBOOP YEM RP RHFY, KHUESOOPN MPCHKHYLBNY RTPFPRTЪCHOILBNYS DTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN, FTEЪChP PGEOYCHBS CHEY Y MADEK. CHETYCHYK CH UCHPE DEMP, TBUYUEFMYCHSHCHK, OE UPNOECHBAEIKUS OY CH YUEN Y OYUENKH OE DPCHETSAEIK, BRPUFPM Y PDOPCHTENEOOOP YURPMOYFEMSH, nKHMIO ЪB CHBTH BCH 18 NEUSGEKYKYM YOUFCHP CH DCHYTSEOY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, UHEEUFCHPCHBCHYEE, RP UHFY DEMB, UINCHPMYUEULY, POOLT RTECHTBFYM CH TEBMSHOPE EDYOUFCHP. ъBFEN, UFBCH TSETFChPK RTEDBFEMSHUFCHB, RETEOEUS FATSHNH Y TSEUFPLYE RSCHFLY RPDMPZP CHTBZB, TsBO nKHMIO PFDBM TSIYOSH ЪB ZhTBOGYA, LBL Y NOPZDEMY DXRPDSCHE MSHE RPUCHSEBMY DPMZYE OPYU VPTSHVE, YUFPVSH ULPTEE OBUFHRIM TBUUCHEF.

NSH HUMPCHYMYUSH, YuFP PO RPUFBTBEFUS UOBYUBMB RTPCHEUFY TBVPFH CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK KOPSCH, YuFPVSH KHVEDYFSH YI UPJDBFSH LPFSHPTFCUCER, VPFPTFCUCER VPD EZP THLPCHPDUFCHPP HOOOP UCHSBO U obGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN, DBCHBM PVEYE HLBBOYS Y BOINBMUS TEYOYEN CHOKHFTEOOYI URPTCH. rP PLPOYUBOY LFK TBVPFSH nKHMIO DPMTSEO VSHM ЪBOSFSHUS UECHETOPK ЪPOPK, YUFPVSH RPRSCHFBFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBFSH DMS CHUEK FETTYFPTYY EDYOSCHK UPCHEF UPCHEF UPRTPFYCHUSCHEKUTB OP LBL FPMSHLP ЪBYMB TEYUSH P UPЪDBOYY EDYOPZP PTZBOB, LPFPTSCHK CHPЪZMBCHYM VSH CH NEFTPRPMYY CHUE PTZBOYBGYY, KHUBUFChPCHBCHYYE CH DCHYTSEOYMEOYFFYPRPCHPRYMPYY: CHYTSEOYTPEOYPFYRPCHYPPY I RBTFYSI Y P CHOKHFTEOOYI CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UIMBI CH UFTBOE.

rtyoinbs pe choynboye fpmshlp rtedUfbchyfemshoshšk, op pfoadsh oe thlpchpdseik ibtblfEt, lpfptsckknoe ipfempush rtydbfsh lfppnh upchefkh (yufp chyfchyyy, chyfhyh SH YOZP RBTFYY. CHIPTSDEOOYE YI CH UPCHEF VSHMP OEYVETSOP. chRTPYUEN, RP NPENKH NOEOYA, OBY OYUYUBUFSHS PVASUOSMYUSH OE UHYUEUFCHPCHBOYEN RBTFYK, B FEN, YuFP, RPMSHJHSUSH OBYNYY RTYYEDYYYYYYNYH LHEFIBUTYBHDOPTONYSH CHEFIFUPUFTUFFYPOO UCHBYCHBMY UEVE CHMBUFSH. ChPF RPYUENKH, RTYOBCHBS JB RBTFYSNYI TPMSH, S OE TSEMBM, YUFPVSH FERETSH POY PLBBBMYUSH PE ZMBCHE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS. OH CH LPEK NETE OH YI YIDEY, OH YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH OE SCHMSMYUSH YUFPYUOILPN uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, RPFPNKH YFP CHUE UFY RBTFYY VEY YULMAYUEOYS PLBBMYUSH OEUPUFPSTENEOFEIKNY PLBBMYUSH OEUPUFPSTEMSHOEMSHOEIKNY. OP EEE CHYUETB RETETSYCHBCHYE LTYYU CH TEHMSHFBFE LBFBUFTPZHSCH, LAULAGE OBYUBMY FERETSH KHLTERMSFSHUS. yI PFDEMSHOSHE BMENEOFSHCH, CHUFKHRBS CH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, ZTHRRYTPCHBMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK, RTDETTSYCHBUSH TBNPL RTETSOYI PFOPEOYK.

rTBCHDB, MYYICHYYUSH LMYEOFHTSCH RTEDNEFB UCHPYI ЪBVPF, B FBLCE CHPNPTSOPUFY ЪBOINBFSHUS LPNVIOBGYSNYY FPTZPCHBFSHUS YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, RTEDNEFBHBE PHDBPCMYNB L YUUFSHCHN YUFPLBN UCHPEZP UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYS, FP EUFSH L YDEBMBN UPGYBMSHOPK URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY, LHMSHFH OBGYPOBMSHOSHI FTBDYG JK, RTPRPCHEDY UCHEFULPFTBCHP ZBTBLFELTUBCHPZPUK IBTBLFELTUBZP Y ZPTSUYN ITYUFYBOWLIN YUKHCHUFCHBN. yI UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE PTZBOYBGYY, PUOPCHBFEMSHOP PUYEEOOOSCH, IPFEMY, LBBMPUSH, FPMSHLP PDOPZP: OENEDMEOOOP CHEUFY UCHPK CHLMBD CH VPTSHVH, YURPMSHJHS FE YMY NO FECHEOPSHJHS FE YMY NO FCEOUSHOPY. NETSDH FEN RPUMEDOEE OBUYOBMP PGEOYCHBFSH RP DPUFPYOUFCHH KHNEMSCHE DEKUFCHYS LFYI IPTPYP OBLPNSHI ENKH PTZBOYBGYK, FEN VPMEE YUFP POY PFTELBMYUSH PF UCHTSVPLOYI PYTEVPLOYI PYTEVPLOYI. oBLPOEG, ЪB RPchedeoyen RBTFYKOSCHI DESFEMEK CHOINBFEMSHOP UMEDYMY UPAYOIL. dPVYCHBUSH EDYOUFCHB OBGYY, RTYIPDIMPUSH UYUYFBFSHUS U ZHBLFBNY. h UCHSY U LFYN S DBM nHMYOKH YOUFTHLGYA CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF CHCHEUFY CH UPCHEF, LPFPTSCHK RTEDRPMBZBMPUSH UPJDBFSH, DEMEZBFPCH PF RBTFYK OBTS PPFGYDKH U RTEDUFUOPRTBSCHYFEMSNYBTSPFGYPCHYFEMSNY S.

eUMY S TBUUUYFSHCHBM FBLYN RKhFEN DPVYFSHUS OELPFPTPZP EDYOUFCHB CH RPMYFYUEULPK VPTSHVE ZHTBOGYY, FP FPZP TSE S IPFEM DPUFYUSH Y CH CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVE. h LFPN PFOPYEOOY RETCHBS FTHDOPUFSH RPTPTsDBMBUSH UBNYNY PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, LPFPTSHCHE, UPЪDBCHBS VPECHSHCHE PFTSDSH, IPFEMY UPITBOYSHFSH OBD OYBUF UCHPA CHMO. l FPNH TSE, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN OULPMSHLYI ZPTOSCHI YMY FTHDOPDPUFHROSCHI TBKPOCH, LFY PFTSDSH NPZMY UKHEEUFCHPCHBFSH MYYSH CH CHYDE NEMLYI ZTHRR. fBL VSHMP, CH YUBUFOPUFY, CH “NBLY”, ZDE ZHTNYTPCHBMYUSH ZTHRRRSCH RBTFYIBO CH PUOPCHOPN YI MADEK, HLMPOYCHYIUS PF PFRTBCHLY CH ZETNBOYA Y LPFPTSCHN RTYIPDIMPUSH ULTEUSHCHBSHULFPUSHUS. pF OYI RPFPNKH NPTsOP VSHMP PTSYDBFSH FPMSHLP RBTFYBOULPK CHPKOSHCH, LPFPTBS DBMB VSC CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSHE TEKHMSHFBFSCH, EUMY VSH YI TBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS VHS TBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS UFPMSHLP DEKUFCHEEKUPFSHAMBVMY Yu. fBLYN PVTBJPN, RTEDPUFBCHMSS TBMYUOSCHN ZTHRRRBN CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH BCHFPOPNOP, OHTsOP VSHMP TBTEYYFSH RTPVMENKH, UPUFPSEKHA CH FPN, YuFPVSH VVLIPKUPKISHDEPYNETOY FCHOOOPK PTZBOYBGYY, RPDYYOSAEEKUS OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP NOE. fP RPJCHPMYMP VSH OBNEFIFSH DMS OYI CH ZHTNE RMBOB, UPZMBUPCHBOOPZP U UPAYOSCHN LPNBODPCHBOYEN, PVEYE ЪBDBUY, LPFPTSHCHE POY CHSHHRPMOSMY VSC CH ЪBCHYPUBZBUFYNPUFY FCHYFUS OBLPOEG (!) CHCHUBDLB UPAOSHI CHPKUL CH ECHTPRE. koos RPTHYUYM nHMYOKH DPVYFSHUS PF PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS LFPPZP LMENEOFBTOPZP CHBYNPDEKUFCHYS YI CHPEOOSCHI ZTHRR. noe RTYYMPUSH, PDOBLP, TsDBFSH OUEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH, RTETSDE YUEN KHDBMPUSH UPJDBFSH CH MYGE ZEOETBMB DEMEUFTOB LPNBODPCHBOIE FBKOPK BTNYY.

TsBO nKHMIO VSHM UVTPYEO RBTBYAFE ABIST AZ ZhTBOGYY CH OPYUSH RETCHPE SOCHBTS-i kohta. x OEZP VSHMP NPE RTEDRYUBOYE, UPZMBUOP LPFPTPNH ON OBYUBMUS NPYN DEMEZBFPN CH OEPLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE NEFTPRPMYY U BDBUYEK PVEUREYUYFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUTBOMRRTP EDYOUFCHP DEKUTBOMRRTPYPDFYOUFCHYOSPRYKKY. EZP RPMOPNPYYS RPFPNH OE NPZMY CH RTYOGYRE PURBTYCHBFSHUS. oP ENH RTEDUFPSMP PUHEEUFCHYFSH YI RTY NPEK RPDDETZLE. h UCHSY U LFYN VSHMP TEYEOP, YuFP YNEOOP PO SCHYFUS PE zhTBOGYY GEOFTBMSHOSCHN ЪCHOPN OBYI UCHSJEK -RTETSDE CHUEZP U ATSOPK ЪPOPK, B RP NETE CHNPTSOPUFY UECHERTOPUFY Y UECHERTOPUFY Y; YuFP CH EZP TBURPTTSEOY VHDHF OBIPDIFSHUS UTEDUFCHB UCHSY; YuFP L OENKH VHDHF RTYLTERMEOSCH OBIY UCHSOSCH; YuFP ON VKhDEF PUCHEDPNMEO P RETEVTPULE OBEZP MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB, ZTHJPCH, LPTTEURPODEOGYYY BOZMYYY PE ZhTBOGYAY PVTBFOP; OBLPOEG, YuFP PO VKhDEF RPMKHYUBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, OBRTBCHMSENSHHE OBNY DMS TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH NEFTPRPMYY. u FYYNY RPMOPNPYYSNY nHMYO RTYUFHRIM L DEMH.

rP EZP YOYGYBFYCHE, RPDDETTSBOOPK UOYH, THLPCHPDYFEMY PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH CHULPTE PVEYNY HUYMYSNY UPЪDBMY UCHPEZP TPDB UPCHEF BMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB. h NBTFE POY PRHVMYLPCHBMY UPCHNEUFOKHA DELMBTBGYA RPD OBCHBOYEN "edYOBS VPTSHVB, EDYOSCHK THLPCHPDYFEMSH", PVJHSUSH PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCHYK VLPPDFFOYK PVLPCHPCHY, ЪLPPDH ETBMB DE zPMMS. h DESFEMSHOPUFY TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK UFBM CHPGBTSFSHUS RPTSDPL. zPFPCHYMPUSH PVAEDYOOYE NETPRTYSFYK CH PFOPEYOYY CHPEOYBGYY RBTFYBOWLYI ZTHRR. h FP CE CHTENS U OBEK RPNPESHA nKHMIO UPЪDBM RTY UCHPEK DEMEZBGYY GEOFTBMYPCHBOOSCH PTZBOSHCH.

fBL, OBRTYNET, "UMKHTSVB CHP'DKHYOSCHI NPTULYI PRETBGYK" RPMKHYUBMB OERPUTEDUFHEOOP PF RPMLPCHOILB DECHBCHTEOB YOUFTHLGYY PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTYVSCHFYS Y PFRTBCHLY UHDNPME. LBTSDSCHK NEUSG CH MKHOOSCHE OPYU UBNPMEFSCH "MYUBODT" YMY VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY, CHEDPNSHCHE FBLYNY RYMPFBNY, LBL mPTBO Y MYCHTY-MECHEMSH, LPFPTSHCHE CHEHTY-MECHEMSH, RFPTSHCHE NBUFETULY NBUFETULY NBUFETULY FÜBNPMEFNY OBNEYOOOSCHY RHOLFBY. MADY, LPFPTSCHE RPUFPSOOP TYULLPCHBMY UCHPEK TSYOSHA, PVEUREYUYCHBMY UYZOBMYBGYA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHMEOYE RBUUBTSYTPCH Y ZTHЪPCH Y PITBOKH. yuBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH RTYOINBFSH LPOFEKOETSH, LPFPTSCHE UVTBUSHCHBMYUSH TEAVE RBTBUAFBI CH KHUFBOPCHMEOOSCHI NEUFBI, RTSFBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH UPDETSBCHYYEUS CH OYI ZTHYSHCH kohta. "UMHTSVB TBDYP", LPFPTHA TsAMYFF PTZBOYPCHBM TABLE NEUFE, DEKUFChPChBMB FBLCE RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nHMYOB, RETEDBCHBS CH mPODPO Y RPMHYUBS PFFHDB ETSENEUSYSYUOP NÉRPENEUSSCHUPSCHUMPOY, F TSEOYE UCHPYI TBDYPUFBOGYK, PVOBTHTSEOOSHI RTPFYCHOILPN, Y CHPURPMOSS RP NETE CHPNPTSOPUFY UCHPY VPMSHYIE RPFETY. nHMYO UPJDBM FBLCE "VATP REYUBFY YOZHPTNBGYY" PE ZMBCHE U tsPTTSEN vYDP {181} , LPFPTSCHK DETTSBM OBU CH LHTUE TBMYUOSCHI OBUFTPEOYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY YOFEMMYZEOGYY, B FBLCE PVEEUFCHEOOSCHY RPMYFYUEULYI LTHZPCH. hYUTETSDEOOOSCHK RTY OEN "zMBCHOSCHK OBKHYOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYK LPNYFEF", CH LPFPTPN TBVPFBMY vBUFYD, mBLPUF, DE nBOFPO, rBTPDY, FEFTSEO, lHTFEO, ELEKTROBHYOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYK LPNYFEF. vMPL-MEOE THLPCHPDYM RP RPTHYUEOYA DEMEZBGYY ZHJOBUPCHSHNYY PRETBGYSNYYY ITBOYM DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, RPMHYUEOOOSCHYY MPODPOB. fBLYN PVTBBPN, YUETE RPUTEDUFCHP nHMYOB, DETSBCHYEZP CH UCHPYI THLBY PUOPCHOSHE OIFY THLPCHPDUFCHB, DESFEMSHOPUFSH OBEZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB UFBMB RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB UFBMB DBCHBTEUSH Ш. bFP RPDFCHETTSDBMY CH RETCHSCHE CE NEUSGSHCH 1942 PYUECHYDGSHCH, RTYVSHCHBCHYE Y ZhTBOGYY.

h YI YUYUME VSHHM VARJUD. h PDOKH Ъ ZHECHTBMSHULYI OPUEK PO RTYCHE Ъ rBTYTSB UCHSLY DPLHNEOPCH DMS OBUYI UMKHTSV, B NPEK TSEOE BBBMYA CH GCHEFPUOPN ZPTYLE, LHRMEOOKHA TEAVE KHMYGE THBKBMSH kohta. DESFEMSHOPUFSH EZP UEFI "lPOZHTETY oPFT-dBN" VSHMB CH RPMOPN TBZBTE.

OBRTYNET, OH PDYO Y OENEGLYI OBDCHPDOSHI LPTBVMEK OE RPKFY CH VTEUF, mPTYBO, OBOF, TPYZhPT, MB-tPYEMSH, vPTDP YMY CHSHKFY PFFHDB LLP VEЪ FPZP, YUPPOFPVNNPENS VSHPOMMEPKTBN MSHPOMMEPKTBNVSH mPTYBO, OBOF, TPYZhPT, MB-tPYEMSH. oh PDOP CHTBTSEULPE UPPTTHTSEOYE NPZMP VSHFSH RPUFTPEOP TEAVE VETEZKH MB-nBOYB YMY kohta bFMBOFYUEULPN RPVETETSSHE H YUBUFOPUFY, VBBI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL UPTCHPDOSCHI UPPTTBURMBOHTBOOTHB PFZP, SE Y'CHEUFOSH OBN. lTPNE FPZP, TENY NEFPDYUEULY KHUFBOBCHMYCHBM UCHSY MYVP U DTKHZYNY UEFSNY, MYVP U PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPK ЪPOSHCH, MYVP U LPNNHOYUFBNY. rPUMEDOYE, CHUFTEFYYYUSH U OYN OEBDPMZP DP PFYAEDB, RPTKHYUMY RETEDBFSH NOE, YuFP POY ZPFPCHSH RTYOBFSH NPE THLPCHPDUFCHP Y RPUMBFSH RPMOPNPYuOPZP RTEDUFPOBTTFE CHEHPECHY.

h NBTFE CH mPODPO RTYVSHHM OBFTY NEUSGB Y RTPCHEM U OBNY PYUEOSH RPMEЪОХА TBVPFKH PDYO YЪ THLPCHPDYFEMEK PTZBOYBGYY "PUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB" Y DPCHETEOO "PUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB"ЧПЧПЧППGPHETEOO. h BRTEM OBU RPUEFYM NNBOAMSH D "BUFSHE, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHK TBOBOSCHNY RPTPELFBNY Y TBUYUEFBNY, Y S UYUYE OKHTSOSHN OBRTBCHYFSH EZP DP CHPCHTBEEOOYS PE ZhTBOGYA CH UPEDOOOOSFPPSHCH BÜDOOOOSFPSHCHN, Y PEDOOOOSFPSHCH HE CHPRPTUSCH, UCHSBOOOSCH U UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ъBFEN RTYEIBM vTPUUPMEF. {182} . ON VSHM RPMPO CHUSLIYI UBNSHCHUPLYI RPMYFYUEULYI YDEK, ZMHVPLP ULPTVEM P UHDSHVE ZhTBOGYY, CHCHETZOHFPK CH LBFBUFTPZHKH, TsDBM PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS FPMSHLP PF PF, DEZPMMYYUEULYI PF "DEZPMMYYUELYI YDEK" CHRPUMEDUFCHYY, POOLT SCHYMUS PDOYN YI CHDPIOPCHYFEMEK OBUYEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH UFTBOE. OP PDOBTSDSCH, CHSHRPMOSS RPTHYUEOOPE ЪBDBOE, vTPUUPMEF VSHM UICHBUEO CHTBZPN Y RPLPOYUM TSYOSH UBNPKHVYKUFCHPN, OE OBDESUSH UCHPY UYMSCHI KOHTA. u RPUMBOYSNY PF OELPFPTSCHI RBTMBNEOFULYI DESFEMEK RTYVSHCHM FBLCE TPL, LPFPTSCHK CHRPUMEDUFCHYY VSHM BTEUFPCHBO Y HVYF. yЪ PLLLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOSH RTYEIBM rPMSH UYNPO, RPUMBOOSCHK "ZTBTSDBOULPK Y CHPEOOOPK PTZBOYBGYEK" DMS KHUFBOPCHMEOYS UCHSY. UYNPO U EZP ZPTSYUYN KHNPN Y IMPPDOPK TEYYNPUFSHA PLBBM uPRTPFYCHMEOYA VPMSHYE HUMKHZY. POOLT VSHHM KHVYF CHTBZPN OBLBOKHOYE PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. OBLPOEG, CH mPODPO YYASCHYMY TSEMBOYE RTYEIBFSH ZHYMIR, yBTMSH chBMEO, CHSEOP, dBOYMSH NEKET Y DTHZIE.

nPY VEUEDSCH U FYNY MADSHNY, CH VPMSHYOUFCHE UCHPEN NPMPDSHNY, RSHMLYNY, OBUFPKYYCHSHNY CH VPTSHVEY CH UCHPYI UFTENMEOYSI, RPLBUBMY NOE, DP LBLPK UFEREOY VSHM DYULTEDYMBЪХПХЕБИКЕЛЕЛЕНЕКЕЛЕНЕКЕЛЕНЕНЕНЕЛЕНЕЛЕЛЕЛЕНЕКАНЕ että ПЕЛЕЛЕНЕНЕ että PCHBCHYYK CH UFTBOE CH NPNEOF LBFBUFTPZHSHCH. dCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS VSHMP OE FPMSHLP CHURSHCHYLPK OBEK DP LTBKOPUFY PUMBVMEOOPK PVPTPPOSH. pOP RPTPTsDBMP FBLCE OBDETSDH TEAVE PVPCHMEOYE kohta. Eumi FPMSHLP UPRSTPFICHMEEEE OU TBOBRUMCHMYFUS RPUMA RPEDSHECH, NPTSOP VSHMP Obdesfshus, YuFP Pop Uthobzpn Zmkhvpley Rtepvtbbboykboy Chuke Uyutpley Khuimyk Obgyy. CHUFTEYUBSUSH U THLPCHPDYFEMSNY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS TEAVE NPK RTYYSHCHCH, S DKHNBM, YuFP, NPTsEF VSHFSH, FE YI OYI, LFP PUFBOEFUS CH TSICHSHCHI, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS CH TSICHSHCHI, PVTHTBKHCHYNY CHETYEOYK PE YNS PVEEEUEMPCHYUEULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI RTYOGYRPCH. OP LFP VSHMP VSH TEBMSHOP MYYSH RTY HUMPCHYY, YFP, LPZDB NYOHEF PRBUOPUFSH, POY RPDYYOSFUS FPK DYUGYRMYOE KHNB Y YUKHCHUFCH, VEЪ LPFPTPK OYUEZP OE ABFPFTTBIISH LLPFIPTTBIBEYSH YMP LFPFTTBEYSH YMP.

PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE, OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF, LPZDB S DPMTSEO VSCHM U UPZMBUYS CHUEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y PF UCHPEZP YNEOY RTPCHPZMBUYFSH GEMSH, L LPFPTPK NSCH UFTENYMYUSH. bFPK GEMSHA VSHMP PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE CH RPMOPN UNSHUME UMPCHB, FP EUFSH PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE LBL YUEMPCHELB, FBL Y TPDOYOSCH. koos RTPCHPZMBUYM EE CH ZHTNE NBOYZHEUFB, RTYOSFPZP oBGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN RPUME FPZP, LBL PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y NPI RTEDUFBCHYFEMY PE ZhTBOGYY NO OSHCHULCHPEOYE. h NBOYZHEUFE KOOS ЪБСЧМSM, YuFP, TEYCH PFUFPSFSH UCHPVPDH, YUEUFSH Y VEJPRBUOPUFSH ZhTBOGYY CH NYTE RKHFEN HOYUFPTSEOYS CHTBZB, NSCH OBNETECHBENUS ZBDPЧИNKИBCЦFTBИTPCHB ДПК ЖТБОКХЦЭОLe, УНИОЧ ОЭДПУФПКОШЧК ТЦYН, RTY LPFPTPN NOPZIE ZTBTSSDBOE VSHMY YI MYYESCH. fBLYN PVTBBPN, S PUKhTSDBM LBL "FPF NPTBMSHOSCHK, UPGYBMSHOSCHK, RPMYFYUEULYK Y LLPOPNYUEULIK TETSIN, LPFPTSCHK RBM PE CHTENS RPTBTSEOYS", FBL Y "TETSYN, LIYBMSHOSCHK" LPHFERKKHBKKHRY." y KOOS KHFCHETTSDBM: "pVAEDYOSSUSH DMS RPVEDSCH, ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD UPEDIOSEFUS DMS TECHPMAGYY." nBOYZHEUF VSHM PRHVMYLPCHBO 23 YAOS 1942 PE CHUEI RPDRPMSHOSCHI ZBEFBI PVEYI ЪPO Ъ Ъ Ъ РТДИП П ТБДИП Ъ вТЧИЪПOBСП m.

h LFPF RETYPD CHTENEY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN HUMPCHYS VPTSHVSC h NEFTPRPMYY CHSCHOKHTSDBMY NEOS PUFBCHMSFSH obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH mPODPOE. pDOBLP S YUBUFP DKHNBM P RETEOUEOOYY EZP DESFEMSHOPUFY TEAVE ZHTBOGKHULHA FETTYFPTYA, OBRTYNET CH vTBЪBCHYMSH kohta. ьFPF CHPRTPU CHUFBCHBM PUPVEOOOP PUFTP FPZDB, LPZDB CH OBUYI PFOPEYOYSI U BOZMYEK CHPOILBM LTYYU. OP CH FBLYI UMKHYUBSI S PFCHYUBM UEVE: “lBL Y ZMHVYOSCH bZhTYLY UOPUIFSHUS U TPDYOPK, ZPCHPTYFSH U OEK, THLPCHPDYFSH uPRTPPFYCHMEOYEN? b CHCHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, OBRTPFYCH, YNEAFUS CHUE OEPVIPDYNSCHE UTEDUFCHB UCHSYY YOZHPTNBGYY. l FPNH CE OBIY HUYMYS RP MYOYY DYRMPNBFYUEULYI PFOPEOOIK U UPAYOSHNY RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBNY FTEVPPCHBMY UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYI LPOFBLFPCH, PVUFBOPCHLY, LPFPTSCHE LPFPTSCHE LPFPPKUMYNEMYUSH MINU VSH MYYEOSCH VETEZBI lPOZP-st. oBLPOEG, S DPMTSEO VSHCHFSH RPUFPSOOP UCHSBO U FENY OBYNYYUBUFSNY, LPFPTSHCHE NPZHF DYUMPGYTPCHBFSHUS FPMSHLP TEAVE VTYFBOULYI PUFTPCBI kohta.

rППФПНХ RP ЧПЧТБЭОПИ У чПУФПЛБ С ХУФБОПЧОМ УЧПА TeYDEOGYA CH mPODPOE. fBN S RTPVSHHM DEUSFSH NEUSGECH.

koos RTYRPNYOBA UEKYUBU UCPA TSYOSH FPZP RETYPDB-ga. oEFTHDOP RPCHETYFSH, YuFP POB VSHMB ЪBRPMOOOPK. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, S RPUEMYMUS CH ZPUFYOYGE “lPOOPF”. lTPNE FPZP, S UOINBM UOBYUBMB CH MUNYTE (CH yTPRYYTE), ЪBFEN CH VETLINUFEDE VMYJ UFPMYGSH DBYUKH, CH LPFPTPK RTPCHPDYM LBTSDHA UHVVPFKH Y CHULTEUEOSH U TSEOTSHAPK Y DPUEPK. rPTSE NSCH RETEEIBMY CH LCHBTFBM IBNRUFED CH mPOPOE. ZHYMYRR RPUME RPUFHRMEOYS CH NPTULHA YLPMH RMBCHBEF Y CHPAEF CH bFMBOFYUEULPN PLEBOE TEAVE VPTFC LPTCHEFB "tPYEMYU", B ЪBFEN ABOUT MB-nBOYE RPNPEOILPN LPNBOPODZPPB LPNBOPODITB LPNBOPODZPPB 9 LFPEDBODITB9. ьMYЪBVEF, TSYCHHEBS CH RBOUYPOBFE “dBN DE UYPO”, ZPFPCHYFUS L ЪBOSFYSN CH PLUZHTDE. rPCHUADH OBUEMEOYE FBLFYYUOP CHSTBTSBEF OBN UCHPY UINRBFYY. lBCDPE NPE PZHYGYBMSHOP RPSCHMEOYE CHUFTEYUBEFUS U CHPPDHYECHMEOYEN; BOZMYYUBOE RTPSCHMSAF CHETSMYCHHA RTEDHRTEDYFEMSHOPUFSH, LPZDB CHYDSF NEOS U UENSHEK KHMYGE, CH LYOP YMY RTPZHMLE CH RBTLE kohta. fBL TEAVE UPVUFCHEOOPN PRSHCHFE S KHVETSDBAUSH CH FPN, YuFP LBTSDSCHK RTEDUFBCHYFEMSH LFPZP CHEMYLPZP OBTPDB KHCHBTsBEF UCHPVPDH DTHZYI kohta.

YuBEE CHUEZP NPK DEOSH RTPIPPDYF CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU. fBN S CHSHCHUMKHYYCHBA PFUEFSH, RPMKHYUBA RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF ZhTBOUKHB lHME, UFBCHYEZP OBYUBMSHOILPN LBVYOEFB RPUME FPZP, LBL lHTUEMSH RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF ZhTBOUKHB lHME, UFBCHYEZP OBYUBMSHOILPN LBVYOEFB RPUME FPZP, LBL lHTUEMSH RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF vYKPFFB, OBYUBMSHOILB NPEZP YFBVB, UNEOYCHYEZP TEAVE LFPN RPUFKH DCHHI MYG kohta: rEFY, LPFPTSCHK LPNBODYTPCHBO CH nPULCHH , Y pTFPMY, LPFPTSHK LPNBODHEF LPOFTNYOPOPUGEN “fTYPNZHBO”. fBN uKHUFEMSH DPLMBDSCHCHBEF NOE P RPUFKHRYCHYEK UB DEOSH YOZHTNBGYY; rBUUY-DECHBCHTEO RTYOPUYF PFUEFSHCH, RPMHYUEOOOSCHE YJ ZhTBOGYY; YKHNBO RPMKHYUBEF PF NEOS KHLBBOYS PFOPUYFEMSHOP UCHPYI CCHHUFKHRMEOYK RP TBDYP. fBN S TEYBA DEMPCHCHESCHPRPTUSCH U OBGYPOBMSHOSCHNY LPNYUUBTBNYY OBYUBMSHOILBNY UMHTSV, RTOYNBA RPUEFYFEMEK YMY RTYZMBYEOOSCHY MYG, PFDBA RTYLBYSH YOUFTRYDELFUSHGYY, RPDBA CHESHY YOUFTRYTEFHGYY, RPDBA CHESH. yuBUFP S ЪBCHFTBLBA, B YOPZDB Y PVEDBA CH PVEEUFCHE UPAOSHI RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK YMY ZHTBOGKHPCH, U LPFPTSHNYE OHTsOP RETEZPCHPTYFSH. YuFP LBUBEFUS VPMSHYPK DMS NEOS TBVPFSH RP TEDBLFYTPCHBOYA UCHPYI CHCHUFKHRMEOYK, FP S HER DEMBA DPNB RP CHEYUETBN YMY CHULTEUEOSH. PE CHUSLPN UMKHYUBE, S UFBTBAUSH OE NEYBFSH TBVPFE UMHTSV OETBUUEFMYCHSHN TBURTEDEMEOYEN CHTENEY. lBL RTBCHYMP, CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU OILFP, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN YYZHTPCHBMSHOPZP VATP, OPIUSHA OE TBVPFBEF.

pDOBLP S DPMTSEO VSHM EEE DEMBFSH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHYYFSHCH. oEBCHYUYNP PF VEUED U BOZMYKULYNYYYUFTBNY, BUEDBOYK YFBVB, GETENPOOK, TEABELE LPPTSHCHE NEOS RTYZMBYBEF BOZMYKULPE YMY DTHZPE UPAЪOPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFChP.PDPDDHTPE UCHYFEMSHUFChP KHULKK TSYYO CH mPODPOE. "ZhTBOGKHULYK YOUFYFHF", UTBH TSE RTYUPEDYOYCHYKUS L OBYENH DEMKH CH MYGE UCHPEZP DITELFPTB RTPZHEUUPTB UPTB, RTEDPUFBCHMSEF OBYN UPPFEYUFCHEOILBN FÜPPFEYSHUFHEOILBN FEHOOPSOPCHOPCHYMSOOSHPKY SYOY. "ZhTBOGKHULPE PVAEDYOOYE" RTDDPMTSBEF UCHPE DEM RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN FENKHOB Y NBDNHBEMSH UBMSHNPO. "DPN YOUFYFKHFB ZhTBOGYY" CHRMPFSH DP FPZP CHEYUETB, LPZDB PO VSHHM TBTHYEO VPNVBNY, RPIPPTPOYCH RPD PVMPNLBNY UCHPEZP BDNYOYUFTBFPTB tPVETB lTA, DPUFHTBHPFEEKYVHVUCHPFEKK DPLHNEOFBGYA. "dTHЪSHS ZHTBOGKHULYI DPVTPPCHPMSHGECH" -PVEEUFChP, THLPCHPDYNPE MPTDPN fYTTEMMPN, MPTDPN DE MB xPTT, MPTDPN bKCHPTPN yuetyuymmen Y UPPUFPSEE ZMBCHOSPPOSCHN BOBBOUSCHN BOBBOUSCHN LPNYFEF uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY" CH yPFMBODYY RPD RTEDUEDBFEMSHUFCHPN OBEZP DTHZB MPTDB YOCHETLMBKDB PLBBSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULIN VPTGBN KHNEMKHA Y CHEMYLPDHYOKHA RPNPESH . “zhTBOGKHULBS FPTZPCHBS RBMBFB” RPUTEDOYUBEF CH FPCHBTPPVNEOE NETSDH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYEK Y FETTYFPTYSNY, RTYUPEDYOYCHYNYUS L “uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY”. “rTYENOSCHK GEOFT “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” VETEF KOHTA UCHPE RPREYOOYE CHUEI RTYVSHCHBAEYI U TPDYOSCH. “ZhTBOGKHULYK ZPURYFBMSH” MEYUYF NOPZYI OBUYI TBOEOSCHI. xYUBUFCHHS CH DESFEMSHOPUFY CHUEI LFYI PTZBOYBGYK, S UFTENMAUSH KHLTERYFSH CH BOZMYY, LBL Y RPCHUADH, OBUKH OBGYPOBMSHOHA UPMYDBTOPUFSH.

“buUPGYBGYS ZHTBOGKHPCH CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY” PLBSHCHCHBEF NOE BLFYCHOHA RPNPESH. ynEOOP POB PTZBOYKHEF OUEULPMSHLP NBUUPCHSCHI NYFYOZPCH U KHYUBUFYEN ZTBTSDBOULZP OBUEMEOYS Y CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. fy nyfyozy dbaf chpnptsopufsh: noe chuftefyfshus u zhtbogkhbny, rtyuhfufchhaein chshchulbbfsh uchpy kHVetsde, b neftprpmyy -obfsh rph rph. Ch ъbme. xCE 1 NBTFB 1941 H LYOZUKHK-IPMME RETED NOPZPFSHUSYuOPK BHDYFPTYEK KOOS PREDEMYM OBUH OBDBYUH Y FCHETDP CHSTBYM ÜLDOBDETSDSCH. 15 OPSVTS CH PVIYTOPN ЪBME bMSHVETF-IPMMB, DP PFLBЪB ЪBRPMOEOOPN UPVTTBCHYNYUS, S FPTCEUFHEOOP RTPCHPZMBUYM FTY PUOPCHOSHI RPMPTSEOYS OBYEK RPMYFYLY.

"uNSCHUM RECHPZP RPMPTSEOYS, ULBJBM S, UPUFPYF CH FPN, YUFPVSH CHPECHBFSH, FP EUFSH RTYDBFSH CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYYK TBNBI Y CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYE NPEY KHYПОМХПЧПОЛХBOG ЛФЭ... оП ьФИ ХУМИС NSCH RTEDRTYOINBEN FPMSHLP RP ЪПЧХ ЖТBOГYYY CHE YOFETEUBI.” ъBFEN, TEYYFEMSHOP PUKhTsDBS LBL DPCHPEOOOSCHK TETSYN, FBL Y TETSYN chYYY, S ЪBSCHYM: "nSh UYFBEN OEPVIPDYNSCHN, YUFPVSH NPZHYUBS Y GEPMYOBSHOBSHOBSH GEPMYOBSHMBY TYYUYOSCH LBFBUFTPZHSC CHNEUFE UP CHUEK OBDUFTPKLPK, CHPOYLYEK OBD LBRYFHMSGYEK. rP'FPNH CHFPTPPE RPMPTSEOYE OBYEK RPMYFYLY FTEVHEF RTEDPUFBCHYFSH UMChP OBTPDH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVShchFYS RPJCHPMSF ENKH UCHPVPDOP CHSHCHULBBFSH, YuEZP ON IPUEF IPUE FEE YuEZP." OBLPOEG, CH FTEFSHEN RPMPTSEOYY KOOS OBNEYUBM PUOPCHSHCH, TEAVE LPFPTSCHI, RP OBYENKH NOEOYA, DPMTSOSCH UFTPIFSHUS PVOPCHMEOOOSHE YOUFYFHFSCH ZhTBOGYY kohta. „fY PUOPCHSHCH, ZPCHPTYM S, PRTEDEMSAFUS FTENS DECHYBNY UCHPVPDOSCHI ZHTBOGHPCH. NSH ZPCHPTYN: "YUEUFSH Y TPDYOB", YNES CH CHYDH, YuFP OBGYS NPTSEF CHPTPDYFSHUS FPMSHLP CH TEKHMSHFBFE RPVEDSCH, YuFP POB NPTsEF UKHEEUFChPChBFSH FPMSHLP LBL CHEMILBS OBGYS. NSH ZPCHPTYN: "uChPVPDB, TBCHEOUFCHP Y vTBFUFChP", RPFPNKH UFP NSCH IPFYN PUFBFSHUS CHETOSCHNY DENPLTBFYUEULYN RTYOGYRBN. NSCH ZPCHPTYN "PUCHPVPTSDEOYE", YVP EUMY OBY HUYMYS OE PUMBVOKHF DP RPvedsch OBD CHTBZPN, YI OBCHETYOEYEN DPMTSOP SCHYFSHUS UP'DBOYE DMS LBTSDPZP CHTBOGKHB CHTBOGKHB CHFPUSHVHDLL, YMPYMPYCHVPH YFSHUSi rafineerimistehas, UPTBOSS YUKHCHUFChP UPVUFCHOOOPZP DPUFPYOUFCHB.

fPZDB RTYUHFUFCHHAEYE, PICHBUEOOSCH ZMHVPLYN CHPMOOYEN, VHTOP CHSTBTSBAF UCHPY YUKHCHUFCHB BOFKHYBBNB, Y CHTSCHCH BOFKHYBNB TBOPUYFUS DBMELP ЪB RTED EMSH bMMMBHVE.

fBLYE UPVTBOYS VSHCHBAF TEDLP. rTPYYCHPDS YOURELFPTULYE UNPFTSCH, S YBUFP RPUEEBA OBUYI DPVTPCHPMSHGECH. OBOY UYMSCH, OBENOSCH, NPTULYE Y CHP'DKHYOSCH, IPFS Y PUEOSH OEVPMSHYYE Y TBUUESOOSCH, UPUFBCHMEOOOSCH OBNY Y TBTPYOOOSCHY YUBUFEK Y RPDTBDEMEOYK, RTEDUFBCHMSAF YUPVEDMEWSCHY UPVEPDEMEISHY. DOEN. PTZBOYBGYPOOSCHK RMBO, LPFPTSCHK S DBM CHPEOOPNH, CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH Y CHPEOOP-CHPDHYOPNH LPNYUUBTBN 1942. AASTAST FPYuOP CHSHRPMOSEFUS. koos KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN RTY RPUEEEEY YUBUFEK, DYUMPGYTPCHBOOSCHI CH BOZMYY, LPZDB UPMDBFSCH, CHYDS CHVMYY FPZP, LPZP POY OBSCHBAF “vPMSHYPK yBTMSH”, UCHPYPK PTPFDENYN, UCHPYTPCHBOOSCHI CH BOZMYY SF HYUEVKH, CHSTBTSBAF ENKH UCPA YULTEOOAA RTYCHSBOOPUFSH.

y CHUEK OBYEK OEVPMSHYPK BTNYY, LPFPTBS UTBTSBEFUS H bZhTYLE Y TEAVE CHPUFPLE, ABOUT BOZMYKULPK YENME OBIPDSFUS FPMSHLP HYUEVOSCHE GEOFTSHCH. OP CH OYI PVKHYUBEFUS VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH OBUYI LBDTPCH. h MBZETE LENVETMY RPMLPCHOIL TEOKHBT RTEDUFBCHMSEF NOE VBFBMSHPO EZETEK, BTFYMMETYKULYK DYCHYIPO, FBOLPCHSHCHK ULBDTPO, PFTSD YOTSEETOSCHI CHPKUL RPDSHTBDEMEOYE UCHTSHTERBASHTBDEMEOYE UCHTSHTERD PPCH Y UREGYBMYUFPCH. koos RTPIPTSKH BTFYMMETYKULYK RBTL, ZDE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN NBKPTB VHF RTYCHPDYFUS CH RPTSDPL ZHTBOGKHULBS FEIOILB, RTYCHEEOBS TBOEE CHEMILPVTYFBOYA FSHMPCHSHNY UMHTTCSVTSULNYMS YPKPETPHE GYPK RTYVSCCHYYNY Y ZHTBOGYY PE CHTENS CHTBTSEULPZP OBEUFCHYS. PTHTSYE, VPERTYRBUSHCH, NBYOSCH YURPMSHKHAFUS DMS PUOBEEOOYS OPCHSHHI ZHTNYTPCHBOYK OBTSDKH U FEIOILPK, RPUFBCHMSENPK BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U BZMBYEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEFUFCHYYEN BYGBYBHODNY 4GBY BORKOP7 H. RETEZPCHPTBNY Y RTBLFYUEULYN CHSHRPMOEEOYEN LFPC CHBTsOPK ЪBDБУй ЪBOYNBEFUS UMKHTSVB CHPPTHTSEOYS RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN RPMLPCHOILB nPTEOB. PE CHTENS BCHYBGYPOOPK LBFBUFTPZHSH RTY YURPMOOY UMKHTSEVOSCHI PVSBOOPUFEK LFPF RTELTBUOSCHK PZHYGET ZYVOEF, Y EZP RPUF ЪBOYNBEF NBKPT ZYTY. h UBNPN mPODPOE S YOPZDB OBCHEEBA TPPH ZHTBOGKHULYI TSEEOEYO-DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, CHPZMBCHMSENHA NBDNHBEMSH FETTE, B ЪBFEN ZPURPTsPK nBFSHE, ZDE DPUFPKOSHKKOOBB DUFPKKOSHPUFFYMS DPUFPKOSHPUFFYMS DPUFPKOSHPUFFY BÜFPKOSCHPOHKKY, Y ORP CHPDYFEMEK, UBOYFBTPL, UELTEFBTEC. chTENS PF CHTENEY S OBETSBA CH nPMCHETO, B ЪBFEN CH tiVTUZHPTD L "LBDEFBN UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". h 1940 S UPЪDBM ьФХ YЛПМХ, RTEDOBOBYUEOOKHA DMS UFKhDEOFPCH Y HYUBEYIUS, RETEEIBCHYI CH BOZMYA. chULPTE NSCH RTECHTBFYMY EE CH PZHYGETULHA YLPMH, LPFPTPK LPNBODHEF NBKPT vPDKHO. rSFSH EE CHSHCHRHULPC DBMY 211 LPNBODYTPCH CHJCHPDPCH, YЪ OYI 52 RBMY CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. oYUPP OE PVPDTSEF FBL ZMBCHH UCHPVPDOSHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH, LBL LPOFBLF U LFK NPMPDETSHA, OBDETSDPK TEAVE CHPTPTSDEOOYE RPNETLYYEK UMBCSHCH ZhTBOGYY kohta.

h FP CHTENS LBL RPDTBDEMEOYS OBENOSHI CHPKUL, OBIPDSEYEUS CH CHEMILPVTYFBOYY, RTPIPDSF PVHYUEOYE, YUFPVSH UBFEN UTBTSBFSHUS TEAVE TBMYUOSHI ZHTPOFBI kohta, OSTKE CHPEOOP UPSHIMBULJEB, CHPEOOP UBUSYMNPTULYE LYI RBTFBI, KHUBUFCHHAF CH VYFCHE LPNNHOILBGYSI CH BFMBOFYLE, MB-nBOYE, UECHETOPN NPTE kohta , H bTLFYLE. dms bfpzp nshch dpmtsosch rpmshjpchbfshus VBBBNY UPAЪOILPC. h UBNPN DEME, X OBU OEF OEPVIPDYNSHI NBFETYBMPCH DMS TENPOFB, UPDETSBOYS Y UOBVTSEOYS OBUYI UHDHR. FEN VPMEE NSCHOE NPTSEN UOBVDYFSH YI OPCHSHCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY: rchp, ZYDTPMPLBFPTBNY, TBDBTBNY Y DT., RTYNEOOYS LPFPTSCHI FTEVHEF TBCHYFYE CHPEOOOPK FEIOIL. oBLPOEG, PVIYTOPN FEBFTE CHPEOOP-NPTULYI PRETBGYK, GEOFTPN LPFPTSCHI SCHMSEFUS BOZMYS, OEPVIPDYNP FEIOYUUEULPE Y FBLFYUEULPE EDYOUFCHP HUIMYK.

ChPF RPYUENH, IPFS UKhDB, ​​​​LPFPTSCHE NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN, OBIPDSFUS CH RPMOPN OBYEN TBURPTSSEOYY, OEBCHYUYNP PF YI RTPYUIPTSDEOOYS, IPFS SING CHUE RMBCHBAF RPD FTEIGCHEFYAFYNBOSCHN, PPHYCHEFYMBUSCHN ZHYCHEFYMBOSCHN SHLP ZHTBOGKHYULYN KHUFBCHBN, IPFS POY CHSHCHRPMOSAF RTYLBYSH FPMSHLP UCHPYI OBYUBMSHOYLPCH, LPTPUUE ZPCHPTS, IPFS TEAVE ZHMF PUFBEFUS YUUFP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHN, CHUE TSE, ЪB TEDLINE YULMAYUEOYEN, LPZDB NSCH YURPMSHJKHEN EZP OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP, POOLT RTOINBEF KHUBUFYE ZMBCHOSCHN PVPCPDCHFVHHIDEYP BOZMYUBOBNY. chRTPYUEN, LFP YDEF ENKH TEAVE RPMSHЪKH, FBL LBL PO CHLMAYUBEFUS CH UYUFENKH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOKHA RP VPEURPUPVOPUFY, DYUGYRMYOE, BLFYCHOPUFY kohta. UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSCH BOZMYUBOE, PGEOYCHBS RP DPUFPYOUFCHH OBYKH RPNPESH, PLBYSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULIN CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN YTPLHA NBFETYBMSHOKSHOKSH RPDDETTSLHA NBFETYBMSHOKSHOKSHPPETTSLOB, YI RTYCHPDYFSH CH RPTSDPL Y UOBVTSBFSH OBIY UKHDB, OEUNPFTS TABLE TBMYYUYE FYRPCH Y CHPPTHTSEOYS. OPCHSCHE NBFETYBMSHCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOSEF BOZMYKULYK ZHMPF, OENEDMEOOOP RPUFBCHMSAFUS Y OBYENKH ZHMPFKH. OPCCHE UKHDB: LPTCHEFSHCH Y LBFETB, RPTSE ZHTEZBFSHCH, UNYOGSHCH, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY -RETEDBAFUS OBN RTSNP U CHETZHEK. eUMY OYEVPMSHYPK ZHMPF UNPZ UCHPA TPMSH Y RPDDETTSBFSH YuEUFSH ZHTBOGKHULPZP PTHTSYS TEAVE NPTSI kohta, LFYN ON PVSBO LBL RPNPEY UPAJOILCH, FBL Y BUMHZBN OBUYI NP TSLPCH.

s KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN LBTSDSCHK TB, LPZDB OBCHEEBA RPDTBBDEMEOYS ZHMPFB CH ZTYOPLE, rPTFUNKHFE, lBKHUE, dBTFNHFE. hYUYFSHCHBS IBTBLFET VPTSHVSH, B FBLCE OEVPMSHYKHA YUYUMEOOPUFSH OBUYI NPTSLPC, NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN FPMSHLP NBMSHCHE UHDB. oP FY LPTBVMY "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" U YUEUFSHA DEMBAF CHUE, YFP CH YI UIMBI.

rTETSDE CHUEZP NSCH CHPPTHTSYMY, LPOYUOP, UKHDB, LPFPTSHCHE RTYVSHCHMY YJ ZhTBOGYY. l CHUOE 1942 YI OBYI RFY RETCCHHI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL PUFBAFUS “TAVI”, “NYOETCH”, “TSAOPO”, LPFPTSCHE CH OPTCHETSULYI, DBFULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPDBI BFBLHAF UVBOGKHULYI CHPDBI BFBLHAF CHPDCHPDOSCHI, NYOETCH, TSAOPO UBOFSHCH; "ОБТЧБМ" YUYUEЪ X nBMSHFSCH CH DELBVTE 1940; "uATLHZ" VSHM RPFPRMEO CH ZHECHTBME 1942. lPOFTNYOPOPUGSH "fTYPNZHBO", "MEPOBT", NYOPOPUGSH "NEMSHRPNEO" Y "VHLMSHE" CH FEYOOYE OEULPMSHLYI NEULPMSHLYI LLTPBFFFUBCHBBOCHY ULPTFBFFPLLB MB-nBOYE. ъBFEN "fTYPNZHBO" VSHM PFRTBCHMEO TEAVE fYIYK PLEBO, "mePRBT" RTYVSHHM CH ATSOKHA bZHTYLKH kohta; RPTSE ON PUHEEUFCHMSM UCHSSH U PUFTPPCHPN TEAOSHPO Y OBLPOEG RPFETREM LPTBVMELTHYE OYE VMY fPVTHLB. "NEMSHRPNEO" RETEYEM CH UECHETOPE NPTE. “vHLMSHE” RTECHTBFYMUS CH PDYO YI OBIYI HYUEVOSCHI LPTBVMEK. yЪ OBYI RSFY RPUSCHMSHOSHCHI UHDHR FTY, "UBCHPTOSHSO DE VTBJB", "lPNNBODBO dAVPL", "lPNNBODBO dPNYOE", LHTUYTHAF X VETEZPCH bZhTYLY; "nPLE" RPNPZBEF PITBOSFSH LPNNHOILBGYY CH YTMBODULPN NPTE; “YECHTEK” RBFTKHMYTHEF CH PLBOYY, CH TBKPOE OHNEB, Y RTYUPEDYOSEF 27 NBS 1942 L “UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” PUFTPCHB xPMMYU Y ZHAFAOB. dChB FTBMSHAILB, "lPOZT" Y "MAUSHEO-tsBO", CHSHRPMOSAF UCHPY FTHDOSH PVSBOOPUFY TEAVE RPDUFHRBI L BOZMYKULIN RPTFBN kohta. DEUSFSH NPTULYI PIPFOILLPCH RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH RTYLTSHCHFYY UPAYYUEULYI FTBOURPTFPCH NETSDH lPTOHMMPN Y rB-DE-LBME. FERETSH YI FPMSHLP CHPUENSH, FBL LBL DCHB YI OYI VSHMY RPFPRMEOSCH. VSHMY CHCHEDEOSH CH UFTPK YEUFSH RBFTHMSHOSHI UKHDPCH: “rKHMSHNYL”, ЪBFPOHCHYYK X rMYNKhFB CH OPSVTE 1940, “CHYLYOZ”, RPZYVYK CH PFLTSCHFPN NPTE X BCH 2940, CH PFLTSCHFPN rTEYDBO PODAU”, „tHO DE ZhMP”, RTDDPMTsBAEIK VPTPЪDYFSH NPTS, "MEPOYMSH", YURPMSHЪHAEIKUS CH LBUEUFCHE RMBCHHYUEK VBSHCH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB. CHURPNPZBFEMSHOSHCHK LTEKUET "LBR DE RBMSHN" LHTUYTHEF NETSDH UJDOEN Y OKHNEB. YuEFSHTE RMBCHHYUYE VBSHCH, "khTBZBO", "bNSHEO", "bTTBU" Y "DYMICBOF", LPNRMELFHAF "NPTULKHA YUBUFSH" RPTFB zTYOPL Y VBH LYRBTSEK "vYT-iBLEKN" rPTBAFUSDENFUNKHFY uFBTSHCHK VTPOEOPUEG "lHTV" CHSHRPMOSEF TPMSH HYUEVOPZP GEOFTB DMS TELTHFPCH, NBUFETULYI, ULMBDB VPERTYRBUPCH Y RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHYS. oBIPDSUSH SLPTE KOHTA rPTFUNKHFULPN TEKDE TEAVE, POOLT RPDDETSYCHBEF UCHPEK BTFYMMETYEK PVPTPOH bFPZP LTHROPZP RPTFS.

h UPUFBCH OBEZP OEVPMSHYPZP ZHMPFB CHIPDSF FBLCE LPTBVMY, RPMKHYUEOOOSCH X BOZMYUBO. bFP RTETSDE CHUEZP LPTCHEFSHCH, RPUFTPEOOOSCH RPUME OBYUBMB CHPKOSH DMS RTYLTSCHFYS LBTBCHBOPCH. fY LPTCHEFSH VEURTETSHCHOP PITBOSAF LPNNHOILBGYY NETSDH BOZMYEK, YUMBODYEK, OSHABHODMEODPN Y lBOBDPC. OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH DECHSFSH LPTCHEFPCH: „bMYUE”, RPZYYYK CH VPA CH NBTFE 1942, „NYNPJB”, ЪBFPOHCHYYK URKHUFS FTY NEUSGB CHNEUFE U OBIPDICHYYNUS TEAVE EZP VPTCHYYYK Y LBRYFBOPN 2-ZP TBZB VYTP, "bLPOIF", "mPVEMYS" , "tPYEMYU", "TEOPOLAMSH" "lPNNBODBO D"fSHEO D"pTCh", "lPNNBODBO dTPZH", "lPNNBODBO deFTHBKB". l YUYUMH RPMHYUEOOOSCHI OBNY UKHDPCH FBLCE PFOPUSFUS CHPUENSH FPTREDOSCHI LBFETPCH 28-K ZHMPFYMYY, VPTPJDSSCHEYE TEAVE VPMSHYPK ULPTPUFY MB-LLPPHNBOY Y BFBLHAEYE Y BFBLHAEYE FTWRTBFTB PVYTBAFUS OPIUSHA CHDPMSH RPVETETSSHS ZhTBOGYY. lTPNE FPZP, OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH CHPUENSH NPFPTOSHHI LBFETPCH, PVTBKHAEYI 20-A ZHMPFYMYA, LPFPTBBS DEKUFCHHEF CH MB-nBOYE UPCHNEUFOP U OBYNYY PIPFOUKFTHULGY YHTBOGOUUKFTHLGY ZHTBOGOUUKFTHLGY. chRTPYUEN, NSCH ZPFPCHYNUS L CHPPTHTSEOYA UPCHETYEOOOOP OPCHSCHI UHDHR. NOPZIE Y ZHTEZBFPCH, LPFPTSCHE OBYUYOBAF CHSHCHIPDYFSH YY BOZMYKULYI BTUEOBMPCH, UTBH TSE RPUME URKHULB TEAVE CHPDH RTEDPUFBCHMSAFUS CH OBUYE TBURPTSCEOYE UPAJOILBNY kohta. NSHCH CHSMY YUEFSHTE YI OYI: “delkhchetf”, “bChBOFAT”, “uATRTY”, “lTHB DE mPTIO”. ъB OBNY PUFBCHMEOSCH FBLCE NYOPOPUEG “lPNVBFBO”, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY “LATY” Y “dPTYU”, UFTPIFEMSHUFCHP LPFPTSCHI ЪBLBOYUYCHBEFUS. OBN IPFEMPUSH VSH RTYPVTEUFY Y DTHZYE LPTBVMY, LPFPTSHCHE HCHEMYYUMY VSC YUYUMP RPFPRMEOOOSHI OBNY CHTBTSEULYI RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL, FTBOURPTFPCH, UFPPTTSCHSHHI UHDNPMEPHOBCH YUFPPTTSCHSHHI UHDNPMEBOCH YUFPPTTSCHSHHI UHDNPMEBOCH YUYUMYUMYUMY. OP OBYB TPMSH Y TBENBI DEKUFCHYK PZTBOYUYCHBAFUS OE OEDPUFBFLPN UHDHR, B OEICHBFLPK MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB.

hCE L YAOA 1942 700 NPTSLPC “UChPPVDOPK ZhTBOGYY” RPZYVMY ЪB TPDYOH. OBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH OBUYFSHCHBAF 3600 YUEMPCHEL RMBCHUPUFBCHB. l OIN CE OHTsOP PFOEUFY VBFBMSHPO UFTEMLPCH RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN bNYP D'OCHYMS, LPFPTSCHK OBNEOM DEFTKHBKB, RPZYVYEZP TEAVE RPME VTBOY kohta OP-NPPFNPTULYI MEFUPFNPTUTFBSCH, LPFEPTSPFTBSY. DEMSHOKHA YUBUFSH, UMHTSBF CH OBLPOEG, UADB CE PFOPUSFUS DEUBOFOP-DYGETENPOOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS, LPFPTSCHE PVHYUBAFUS CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOY RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN LBRYFBO-MEKFEOBOFB LYZHZHETB h NBE NEUSGE S RTYYYE L UPZMBYEOYA U BOZMY {183} , PFCHEFUFCHEOOSCHN ЪB RTPchedeoye "LPNVYOTPCHBOOSHI PRETBGYK", PV KHUMPCHYSI YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS LFYI TCHHEYIUS CH VPK CHPKUL. CHULPTE SING RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH UNEMSHI OBMEFBI ZHTBOGKHULPE RPVETETSHE KOHTA.

oby MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH LPNRmelFPCHBMUS OBRPMPCHYOH YJ NPTSLPC, OBIPDICHYIUS CH 1940 ZPDH CH BOZMYY. h zBVPOE, VMYTSOEN chPUFPLE OELPFPTSHCHE RTYUPEDYOMYUSH L OBN RPUME FPZP, LBL UTBTSBMYUSH RTPPHYCH OBU. fBL VSHMP U LLRBTsBNY RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "bSLU", ЪБФПОХЧИЕК Х dBLBTБ, RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "рПУЭМе", ЪББФРМЭБНППУМОООО ДИТПН Х rПТФ-ЦBOФИМС, RPUSHMSHOPZP UKHDOB "vHZOCHYM" Ш", LPFPTPPE NSCHCHCHOCHTSDEOSCH VSHCHMY CHSHCHCHEUFY YJ UFTPS TEKDE MYVTECHYMS. chTENS PF CHTENEY L OBN RTYUPEDYOSAFUS PFDEMSHOSH LBDTPPCHCHES NPTSLY, RTYVSHCHCHBAEYE YJ ZhTBOGYY, UECHETOPK bZhTYLY, bMELUBODTYY, U BOFYMSHULYI PUFTPPCHCH, U dBMSPUPLEZBP. h CHPEOOP-NPTULPC ZHMPF OBVYTBEFUS NBLUINBMSHOPE LPMYUUEUFCHP NMPDSCHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH YYUYUMB OBIPDSEYIUS H BOZMYY, BNETYLE, MECHBOFE, EZYRFE, TEAVE PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHETTE kohta. oBLPOEG, FPTZPCHSHCHE LPTBVMY RTEDPUFBCHMSAF CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN VPMSHYKHA YUBUFSH UCHPEZP RETUPOBMB. UBNPC FSTSEMPK ЪBDBUEK DMS CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP LPNYUUBTYBFB SCHMSEFUS RPRPMOEOYE LPTBVMEK LPNBODOSHCHN UPUFBCHPN. EZP RTYIPDIFUS LNPRMELFPCHBFSH YI UBNSHCHI TBMYUOSCHI, ЪBYUBUFHA OERPDZPFPCHMEOOOSCHI MADEK, OE UYYFBSUSH U YI UREGYBMSHOPUFSHA. x OBU NBMP LBDTPCHSHCHI PZHYGETPCH. NSHCH PURPMOSEN YI OEDPUFBUKH ЪB UUEF PVHYUEOYS NPMPDETSY. rPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN LBRYFBOPC 2-ZP TBZB ChYFYEMS Y ZEKTBMS, RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBCHYI "YLPMSHOSHCHN PFDEMPN", NPTULBS YLPMB "UChPVSHPDFKHOUT DBO FEPDPT FYUSHE" Y YIKHO "fHBMSH" Y "VEMSH rKHMSH". ъB YUEFSHTE CHSHCHRKHULB POB DBMB 80 LBODYDBFPCH TEAVE PZHYGETULYK YUYO kohta. CHUE UCHPY URPUPVOPUFY PFDBMY ZHTBOGKHULPNH CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH ZHMPFKH LFY MADI, ЪBLBMEOOSCH U UBNPZP OBYUBMB ZPTEUFSHA, VYFCHBNY Y OBDETSDBNY. U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH YYTPLP YURPMSHKHEN CH OBUYI CHPEOP-NPTULYI UIMBI LBDTSH PZHYGETPCH EBRBUB, LPFPTSCHI VETEN U FPTZPCHSHI LPTBVMEK YY UTEDSH RETUPOBMB UHGLPMBZP LBOBMBZP. dCHEUFY LBODYDBFPCH, OBVTBOOSHI FBLYN PVTBBPN, RTPUFPSF TEAVE CHBIFE kohta VPTFCH ZHTEZBFPCH, LPTCHEFPC, LBFETPCH Y FTBMSHEYLPCH CH PVEEK UMPTsOPUFY VPMEE NYMMYPOB Y.

oEUNPFTS KOHTA LFY UPLTBEEOYS CH MYUOPN UPUFBCHE, YUBUFSH ZHTBOGKH'ULPZP FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB, OBIPDSEBSUS CH MBZETE UPAYOLPCH, PLBSCCHBEF YN OBYUYNPFEMSHHORPES. йЪ 660 RBUUBTSYTULYI FPZPCHSHCHI CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 2700 FSCHUSYU FPOO, LPFPTSHCHE RTYOBDMETSBMY ZHTBOGYY CH OBYUBME CHPKOSHCH, 170 LPUUBTSYTULYI FPZPCHSHCHI FCHPDPYNEEEOYEN CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CHPCHBFSH CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI RPUME ЪBLMAYUEOYS "RETENYTYS". ObyB UMKHTSVB FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nBMZMCHB Y VEOTsBOB, B RPJDOEE UNEKETUB Y BODAU-ZhBTYYB LPNRMELFHEF ZHTBOGKHULYY LYRBTSHDBNY UPMSHYPE Y LYRBTSHDBNY UPMSHYPE Y. lTPNE FPZP, LFB UMKHTSVB KHYBUFCHHEF H HRTBCHMEOYY OBYNYY UKHDBNY, OBIPDSEYNYUS H BOZMYUBO; CH LFPN UMKHYUBE TSDPN U BOZMYKULIN ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHN ZHMBZPN TEAVE LPTNE YMY TEAVE NBYUF LPTBVMEK-YZOBOOYLPCH TBCHECHBEFUS FTEIGCHEFOSCHK ZHMBZ kohta. ъB LFPF RETYPD OBNY VSHMY PUOBEEOP 67 FPTZPCHSHCHI UHDHR CHPDPY'NEEEOYEN CH 200 FSCHUSYU FPOO. dCHBDGBFSH YЪ OYI NSCH RPFETSMY. l CHUOE 1942 YЪ PVEEZP YUYUMB 580 PZHYGETPCH Y 4300 NBFTPUPCH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB VPMEE YUEFCHETFY RPZYVMP TEAVE NPTE kohta.

rBUUBTSYTULYE UKHDB BOINBAFUS RETECHPLPK CHPKUL. fBL, "YMSH DE ZhTBOU", "ZHEMYLU TKHUUEMSH", "rTEYDBO rPMSH DHNET" DPUFBCHMSAF TEAVE CHPUFPL VTYFBOULYE RPDLTERMEOYS YY BCHUFTBMYYYYODYY kohta. fTBOURPTFOSHCHE UKHDB, RETECHPЪSEYE USCHTSHE, PTHTSIE, VPERTYRBUSCH, RMBCHBAF PVSHYUOP CH UPUFBCHE LBTBCHBOPCH. yOPZDB OELPFPTSHN YI OYI RTYIPDIFUS RETEUELBFSH PLEBO CH PJOPYULH. fY UKhDB OYLPZDB OE ЪBDETTSYCHBAFUS DPMZP CH RPTFH, ZDE YUBUFP RPDCHETZBAFUS VPNVBTDYTPCHLBN. h PFLTSCHFPN NPTE UMHTSVB KhFPNYFEMSHOB Y PRBUOB. rTYIPDYFUS VSCHFSH OBYUELKH DOEN Y OPYUSHA, UFTPZP UPVMADBFSH YOUFTHLGYY, RPUFPSOOP ЪBOINBFSH UCHPY RPUFSH RP VPECHPK FTECHPZE. YuBUFP RTYIPDYFUS HYUBUFCHPCHBFSH H VPSI, UFTEMSFSH YPTHDYK, NMOYEOPUOP NBOECHTYTPCHBFSH, YuFPVSH YVETSBFSH FPTREDSH YMY VPNVSH. uMHYUBEFUS, YuFP UKHDOP RPZTHTSBEFUS Ch CHPDKH Y FSH PLBSCHCHBEYSHUS CH IMPPDOPK, RPLTSCHFPK NBUMSOSHNY RSFOBNY CHPDE, B TSDPN FPOKHF FPCBTYEY. UMHYUBEFUS FBLCE, YuFP FSH YURSHCHFSHCHBEYSH PZTPNOKHA TBDPUFSH, RTYUHFUFCHHS RTY RBDEOY CHTBTSEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB YMY OBVMADBS RSFOP NBHFB RTYOBL FPOH EEK RPDCHOPKB MPDCHOPZTB. yOPZDB FSCH UBN VSHCHBEYSH LFPNH RTYUYOPK, LBL LFP VSHMP U RTPUFSHCHN ZTHJPCHSHCHN UKHDOPN "zhPTF-VEOCE", LPFPTPPE CH NBE 1942 H PFLTSCHFPENCHE NPTE KHOSHAZZHBKHOMPHOMPHPLOHPHPLDOHPH.

pDOBTDSCH H MYCHETRKHME BDNYTBM UT RETUY OPVMSH, LPNBODHAYK RETEDCHYTSEOYSNYY VPECHSHNY DEKUFCHYSNY LPTBVMEK TEAVE CHUEN BFMBOFYUEULPN FEBFTE CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCH TBURBYK, RTYNEZMMOSHTKBOCH PMPTSEOOSCHK CH VEFPOYTPCHBOOPN RPDYENOPN KHVETSIEEE. VPMSHYI NPTULYI LBTFBI, TBCHEYOOOSCHI RP UFEOBN, PVPOBYUBMPUSH RPUFPSOOP NEOSAEEEUS TBURMPMPTSEOYE CHUEI LBTBCHBOPC UPAYOILCH, CHUEI CHPEOOSCHI LPTFTBVMEC, FCHEYOOSCHI, BCHEYOOOSCHI RP UFEOBN, CHUEI, BPHECVPCHEI UB BLCE KHUFBOPCHMEOOOSCH YMY RTEDRPMBZBENSHE RPIYGYY ZETNBOULYI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL, UBNPMEFPCH, TEKDETPC. GEOFTBMSHOBS FEMEZHPOOBS UFBOGYS, UCHSBOOBS U CHOEYOINY MYOSNY, U TBDIPUFBOGYSNY, YYZhTPCHBMSHOSCHNY VATP Y PVUMKHTSYCHBENBS OECHPYNHFYNSCHN TSEOULINE RETUPOBHOTBNYMS, UFEYOPFLUBNYMS RPYUFY VEUYKHNOP RETEDBEF RTYLBYSHCH, RPTHYUEOOYS, UPPVEEOYS LPNBODPCHBOYS DBMELYN NPTULINE BDTEUBFBN Y RP RPM HUEOYS PFCHEFSH RPUMEDOYI. CHUE ZHYLUYTHEFUS UCHEFSEYIUS FBVMYGBI KOHTA. fBLYN PVTBBPN, CHEMYUBKYBS VYFCHB TEAVE LPNNHOILBGYSI RTEDUFBEF PE CHUEI UCHPYI RETYREFYSI kohta.

TBUUNPFTECH CHUE CH GEMPN, KOOS RETECHPTSKH CHZMSD LBTFSHCH kohta, SIIN PVPOBYUEOSCH ÜLDISELT. koos CHYTSKH YI CH RPDPVBAEYI NEUFBI, FP EUFSH FBN, ZDE POY OBYVPMEE CHUEZP DPUFPKOSH OZTBDSHCH. yN RP LZHYTH RETEDBEFUS RTYCHEFUFCHYE ZMBCHSHCH "UChPPVDOPK zhTBOGYY". OP ЪBFEN, PUПЪOBCHBS, LBL YUYUMEOOP OECHEMYLY POY RP UTBCHOEYA U YOPUFTBOOSCHNY UYMBNY, CH LPFPTSHCHE POY CHIDDSF, CHURPNYOBS, YuFP FBN, CH FHMPOE, lBUYUMEOOP, BUBLEBTYBBY, BUBMEBODEBOY, „DEKUFCHHAF ZHTBOGKHULYE LPTBVMY, RPOINBS, LBLHA YUFPTYYUEULHA CHPNPTsOPUFSH RTEDPUFBCHMSEF LFB CHPKOB NPTULPNKH RTYYCHBOYA ZhTBOGYY, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, LBL NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF ZTKHUFSH, Y S RPLYDBA RPDYENOPE KHVETSIEE U FSCEMSCHN UETDGEN.

BOBMPZYUOPE YUKHCHUFCHP RTYNEYYCHBEFUS L NPEC ZPTDPUFY, LPZDB S CHUFTEYUBAUSH U OBYNY MEFUYILBNY TEAVE FPK YMY YOPK BOZMYKULPK VBJE kohta. ChYDS CHUE YI DPUFPYOUFCHB Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, DKHNBS P CHUEN FPN, YuFP NPZMB VSH UDEMBFS ZHTBOGKHULBS BCHYBGYS U VB CH OBEK UECHETOPK bZHTYLE, TEAVE VMYTSOMY SHPPN YPUMY DB CHPUMPLE, EUM TBTSBFSHUS, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, YuFP CHEMILPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE VPZBFUFChP TBUIPDHEFUS RP-RHUFPNKH. OP LFP ЪBUFBCHMSEF NEOS EEE VPMSHYE FTHDYFSHUS OBD FEN, YUFPVSH HUYMYS FAIRIES, LFP UNPZ RTYUPEDYOYFSHUS LP NOE, VSHMY ЪBOUEOSCH UUEF ZhTBOGYY kohta. eUMY S RP CHRPMOE RPOSFOSHN RTYUYOBN PFDBM TBURPTTSEOYE, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFYUILY, MEFBAEYE U BOZMYKULYI VB TEAVE BOZMYKULYI UBNPMEFBI, CHIPDAYMY CH UYUFENKH PYUFENKH POZMYBTYBGYFGYFÜNYF BOZMYKULYF BOZMYKULYI, BOZMYKULYI VB FPNKH, YUFPVSC OSTAB MEFUILY RTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK EDYOPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE GEMPE. lFP VSHMP OEMEZLP UDEMBFS. uOBYUBMB OSTA UPA'OILY UPCHETYOOOP OE ЪBVPFYMYUSH PV BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY." yUIPDS YЪ RTBLFYUEULYI UPPVTBTTSEOYK Y OEDPUFBFLB CHTENEY, POY RTYOINBMY CH UCHPY YUBUFY OELPFPTTSHI OBUYI RYMPFPCH. OP EDYOUFHEOOP, YuFP POY NPZMY OBN RTEDMPTSYFSH, LFP CHLMAYUYFSH OBUYI DPVTPPCHPMSHGECH CH lPTPMECHULYE CHPDKHYOSCHE UYMSCH. OE rafineerimistehasega U LFYN UPZMBUIFSHUS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPMPTSEOYE OBYI MEFUYLPCH PUFBCHBMPUSH RPYUFY CH FEYOOYE ZPDB OEPRTEDEMEOOSCHN. oELPFPTSCHE YЪ OYI, PVAEDYOOOSCH PE ZHTBOGKHULYE ULBDTYMSHY, NPZMY KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH CHPDHYOSCHI VPSI CH UTYFTEE Y MYCHYY. dTHZYE, CHTEOOOP RTYOSFSHCHE CH BOZMYKULYE ULBDTYMSHY, KHYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH VYFCHE ЪB BOZMYA. OP VPMSHYOUFCHP YЪ-ЪB OEDPUFBFLB NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFY, FTEOYTPCHLY YYOSCHCHBMY PF VEDEKUFCHYS ЪB RTEDEMBNY BCHYBGYPOOSCHI VB CH BOZMYY YEZYRFE.

oP Y FB RTPVMENB VSHMB CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH TEEOB. CHEUOPK 1941 KOOS UNPZ TEYYFSH RTYOGYRYBMSHOSCH CHPRPTUSCH U BOZMYKULIN NYOYUFTPN BCHYBGYY UTPN bTYUYVBMSHDPN uYOLMETPN. yuEMPCHEL YYTPLLPZP KHNB Y VMBZPTPDUFCHB, POOLT RPOINBM, UFP UKHEEUFChPCHBOYE BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY" OE MYYEOP RPMSHSHSH. POOLT UPZMBUYMUS U NPYN RTEDMPTSEOYEN P UPЪDBOY OBUYI ULBDTYMYK RP PVTBGH BOZMYKULYI. BOZMYYUBOE RTEDPUFBCHMSMY OBN OEDPUFBAEIK OBENOSCHK RETUPOBM Y PVKHYUBMY CH UCHPYI YLPMBI OBUYI MEFUYLPCH. YYMYYYEL OBYI RYMPFPCH Rafineerimistehas UMHTSYFSH CH BOZMYKULYI YUBUFSI. OP SING DPMTSOSCH VSHMY OBIPDIFSHUS KOHTA RPMPTSEOY PFLPNBODITPCHBOOSCHI ZHTBOGHYULYI PZHYGETPCH, RPDYUYOOOSCHI ZHTBOGKHULYN KHUFBCHBN Y OPUSEYI ZHTBOGHYULHA ZHTNKH. 8 YAOS 1941 KOOS OBRYUBM YЪ LBYTB UYTH bTYUYVBMSHDH RYUSHNP, RPDFCHETTSDBS UPZMBYEOYE, CHSTBVPFBOOPE TEAVE LFYI PUOPCHBI RPMLPCHOILPN hBMEOPN-i kohta. u FAIRY RPT LFP UPZMBYYE OEHLPUOYFEMSHOP UPVMADBMPUSH NBTYBMBNY BCHYBGYY rPTFBMPN CH mPODPOE, mPOZ-NPTPN, ЪBFEN feddetpn TEAVE chPUFPLE-i kohta.

h LPOGE 1941 NSCH UPЪDBMY CH BOZMYY ULBDTYMSHA YUFTEVYFEMEK "YMSH DE ZhTBOU" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN UYFYCHP. lPZDB PO VSHHM UVYF OBD ZHTBOGYEK, PFLKHDB, CHRTPUEN, PO CHETOKHMUS, EZP ЪBNEOYM DARETSHE. TEAVE DTHZPK DEOSH RPUME OBYUBMB LBNRBOY CH UYTYY CH EZYRFE VSHCHMB UZHTNYTPCHBOB ULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU", LPFPTBS UTBTSBMBUSH UOBYUBMB CH MYCHY RPD LPNBODPCHMY BOYBBUSS BOYRFE VSHCHMB BOZMYA, ZDE PE ZMBCHE EE CHUFBM nHYPFF {184} , RPZYVIYK UMEDHAEIK ZPD CH VPA U CHTBZPN kohta. h MECHBOFE PTZBOY'HEFUS ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mPFBTYOZYS" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN rYCP. bFPF RPUMEDOYK, UVYFSHCHK URKHUFS OUEULPMSHLP OEDEMSH OBD CHTBTSEULPK FETTYFPTYEK, UKHNEM DPVTBFSHUS DP UCHPYI Y DEUSH KHNET. EZP JBNEOSEF lPTOYMSHPO-nPMYOSHE. dMS RPDDETSLY OBUYI PRETBGYK CH UBIBTE CH TBKPOE PIETB uBD PTZBOYPCHBOB UNEYBOOBS ULBDTYMSHS "vTEFBOSH" PE ZMBCHE U UES-RETEЪPN. CHEUOPK 1942 UPVTBOSCH YUBUFSHA CH mPODPOE, YUBUFSHA CH TEKBLE MEFUYULY, LPFPTSHCHE RPTSE UPUFBCHSF CH TPUUYY ULBDTYMSHA, B ЪBFEN RPML "opTNBODIS". bFPK YUBUFSHHA RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBMY FAMBO, mYFFPMSHZH, B RPUME YI UNETFY rHKBD. oBLPOEG, OELPFPTSCHE YI OBUYI RYMPFPCH RETEDBOSHCH RP NPENKH RTYLBYH CH TBURPTSTSEOYE LPTPMECHULYI CHPDHYOSCHI UYM. nPTME, ZEKPMSH, ZEDTS LPNBODHAF FBN ULBDTYMSHSNY. dChPE RPUMEDOYI RPZYVOKHF CH VPA. UMBChB UFPYF DPTPZP CH CHP'DKHYOSCHI UTBTSEOYSI. rPFETY BCHYBGYY “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” CH DCHB TBBB RTECHSHUIMY YUYUMEOOPUFSH DEKUFCHHAEEZP MEFOPZP UPUFBCHB.

pDOBLP EUMY NYTPCHPK IBTBLFET CHPKOSHCHCHOKHTSDBM NEOS RPUFHRBFSH FBL, YUFPVSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH RTOYINBMY KHUBUFYE CH VPSI TEAVE CHUEI FEBFTBI CHPEOOCHPEOOSCHI DEKUFFTBI CHPEOOTBOHTBOHTSDBM DEKUFFTBMBUSSCHOPCHOPCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE CH TBKPOE, CH LPFPTPN OBYVPMEE VSHMB ЪBYOFETEUPCHBOB ZHTBOGYS. HOYUFPTSYCH YFBMSHSOULHA BTNYA CH YJYPRYY, RTEZTBDYCH OENGBN DPTPZH CH UYTYA, UBDHYYCH CH OBTPDSCHYE RPRSHFLH CHYY CHCHUFKHRYFSH RTPPFYCH UCHPVPDOPK BHTBOGSFMYBSYB YPKZCHUBFSYMTHUL FCHYS CH MYCHYY.

h OPSVTE 1941 BOZMYYUBOE RTEDRTYOSMY ЪDEUSH EEE PDOP OBUFHRMEOYE. eUMY VSC YN HDBMPUSH DPUFYUSH ZTBOYGSCH fHOYUB, DMS OBU ChBTsOP VSCHMP VSC RTYKFY FHDB CHNEUFE U OYNY, PLBBBCH YN RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP RPNPESH CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. еUMY TSE, OBPVPTPF, CHTBZH HDBMPUSH VSH PFVTPUYFSH YI, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY VSH UDEMBFSH CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YUFPVSH RPNPYUSH YN PUFBOPCHYFSH RTPPFYCHOILB, RTEFUSSONTSDEPTEFCHOILB. h MAVPN UMKHYUBE NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHMY RTYMPTSYFSH NBLUINKHN KHUIMYK, OP UPITBOIFSH UCHPE UPVUFCHOOPE MYGP, U FEN YUFPVSH PDETSBFSH RPVEDH, RPMEYOKHA DMS zhTBOGYY.

NSH NPZMY DEKUFCHPCHBFSH DCHPSLP: OBYUBFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PF PIETB uBD TEAVE ZHEGGBO UYMBNY UBIBTULPK LPMPOOSCHI, DBCHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOOPK melMETLPN, MYYUBFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PF PIETB uBD kohta PSEYE OBZPFPCHE CH MECHBOFE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN mBTNYOB. koos TEYM PUHEEUFCHYFSH PVB CHBTYBOFB, OP FBL, YUFPVSH DEKUFCHYS OBUYI UPMDBF RTYOEUMY RTSNHA RPMSHЪKH ZTBOGYY.

ъBICHBF ZHEGGBOB Y RPUMEDHAEIK NBTY FTYRPMY RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK PRETBGYA, UPRTTSSEOOKHA U VPMSHYYN TYULPN. еUMY VSH POBO OE KHDBMBUSH, SELLE DPMZP OECHPNPTSOP VSHMP VSC CHPPVOPCHYFSH YI-YB OEVSHCHBMSHHI FTHDOPUFEK, UCHSBOOSCHI U ZhPTNYTPCHBOYEN, UBTSCEOYEN Y UOBTSCEOYEN Y UOBTSCEOYEN Y UOBVBTBMBUSH. bFB LPMPOOB DPMTSOB VSHMB DEKUFCHPCHBFSH CHUENY UYMBNY FPMSHLP FPZDB, LPZDB BOZMYUBOE, CHOPCHSH PCHMBDECH LITEOBYLPK, CHYMY VSHCH FTYRPMYFBOYA. h RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POB DPMTSOB VSHMB PZTBOYUYFSHUS FEN, YuFP VEURLPYMB VSC YFBMSHSOGECH, UPCHETYBS ZMHVPLYE Y VSCHUFTSCHE TEKDSCH.

aadressil DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, S IPFEM, YuFPVSH "ZHTPOF yuBD" EUMY NPTsOP FBL OBCHBFSH TSD RP OEPVIPDYNPUFY TBTPЪOOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK PUFBCHBMUS ZHTBOGKHULYN ZHTPOFPN. VEKHUMPCHOP, OBYUBMP OBYEK UBIBTULPK PRETBGYY DPMTSOP VSHMP VSHFSH UPZMBUPCHBOP U DCHITSEOYEN 8-K BOZMYKULPK BTNYY. lFP ЪBCHYUEMP PF UCHSY U lBYTPN. OPCH PUFBMSHOPN MELMETL RPDYUYOSMUS VSH FPMSHLPNOE CHRMPFSH DP FPZP DOS, LPZDB, UPEDYOYCHYUSH TEAVE RPDUFHRBI L UTEDYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNY UPAYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNY TPAYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNY TPAYOILBNY, PO TSCEOYE. bFB BCHFPOPNYS VSHMB NOE FEN VPMEE DPTPZB, YuFP ЪБЧПЭЧКОЕ ЖЭГБОП СХИМПУШ ВШЧ OBHASHTESHTEMYCHYVTYCHYVTYCHYVHTYYVHYYVHYYVHYYVWDPN.

h FEUEOYE OPSVTS-DELBVTS BOZMYYUBOE, CHEDS PTSEUFPYOOOSCH Y FTSEMSHCHE VPY, RTPOILMY CH LITEOBYLH. PCYDBS YI CHUFKHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYA, melmetl, RPDDETSBOOSCHK ZEOETBMPN UETTPN, LPFPTSCHK VSHM FPZDB ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIN CHPKULBNY CH uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGKHULPK bZhHRMEOYLE, PCHYFHMEGBUSTYLE, PCHYFHMEGBUSTYLE. YuFP LBUBEFUS NEOS, S CH LFPN CHPRTPUE OE VSHM OBUFTPEO PRFYNYUFYUOP.

ЪOBS, YuFP tPNNEMSH UKHNEM CHCHCHBFSHUS YЪ BOZMYKULYI FYULPCH Y YUFP RPUME PFЪSCCHB CHEKZBOB YECHETOPK bZhTYLY UPZMBYE OYE ZYFMET -dBTMBO DBChBhBhBhBhBhBhBhBhBhBhBhPHOBFSHOPSHOPSHOP YFHOYUB, S OE TBUUUYUYFSHCHBM TEAVE VSHUFTPE RTDPDCHYTSEOYE UPAYOLPCH L fTYRPMY kohta. oBRTPFYCH, NOE LBBBMPUSH VPMEE CHETPSFOSCHN LPOFTOBUFHRMEOYE RTPFPYCHOILB. ТB fBL LBL, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NYUUYS UCHSY, LPFPTHA melMETL RPUMBM ch lBYT, VShchMB RPUFBCHMEOB CH FBLYE HUMPCHYS, YuFP POB VSHMB CHSCHOKHTSDEOB UPZMBUYFSHUS TEAVE RPDTYFBOYBBOOOYE, PFLPTYFBBOOOYE BMH YUNEA, YuFP S OB LFP OE UPZMBUEO, Y TBYASUOIM RTEDUFBCHYFEMSN NYUUYY YI TPMSH .

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, OBY UPAYOILY OE CHUFHRYMY CH FTYRPMYFBOYA. RETCCHHE NEUSGSHCH 1942 VSCHMY DMS PVEYI UFPTPO RETYPDPN UFBVYMYYBGYY. u LFPPZP LUGEMINE OBLY CHKULB CH TBKPOE PUETB uBD NPZMY FPMSHLP UPCHETYBFSH CURRENT OBMEFSCH, Y MELMETLH OE FETREMPUSH ЪBOSFSHUS LFYN. 4 ZHECHTBMS-I KOOS DBM UCHPE UPZMBUYE. Autor: UDEMBM LFP CH FEYEOYE NBTFB, RTPKDS UP UCHPYNYY PECHSHCHNYYUBUFSNYY, RPDDETSBOOSCHNYY UBNPMEFBNYY, YuETE ZHEGGBO, TBTHYBS NOPZYE CHTBTSEULYE RPUFTSEULYE NBUFSHCHYBOOCHYBSYBSYCH TPJEY. ъБФЭН PO CHETOKHMUS UCPA VBH, RPOEUS OEOBYUYFEMSHOSH RPFETY kohta. YuFPVSH TBUYTYFSH NBUYFBVSH Y CHPNPTSOPUFY DEKUFCHYK LFPPZP YULMAYUYFEMSHOP URPUPVOPZP CHPEOBYUBMSHOILB, S OBYUM EZP CH BRTEME LPNBODHAEIN CHUENY CHPPTHTPDSOPUFY DEKUFCHYPzhtghulzhuzhu. th TEAVE LFPF TB KOHTA NOE RTYYMPUSH RTEPDPMEFSH RTPFEUFSCH, CHCHCHBOOSCH EZP YUTENTOPK ULTPNOPUFSH. y LFPPZ CHTENEY UBN Y EZP ChPKULB RPYUKHCHUFCHBMY UEVS DPUFBFPYuOP UIMSHOSCHNY, YUFPVSH ЪBICHBFYFSH PBYUSCH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY VHDHF OPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY VHDPRYUKHCHUFCHBMY VHDPRYUKHCHUFCHBMY UEVS DPUFBFPYuOP UIMSHOSCHNY. pDOBLP YN RTYYMPUSH PTSYDBFSH EEE DPMZYI DEUSFSH NEUSGECH CH KHTSBOOKHA CBTH UTEDY ULBM Y REULPCH, RTETSDE YUEN POY PDETSBMY RPVEDH Y UNSHMY OBLPOEG U EVS RSCHMSH UTEDYENOPN.

OP EUMY CH TBKPOE PYTB UBD OBN RTYYMPUSH PFFSZYCHBFSH TEYBAEIK HDBT, FP CH LITEOBYLE RTEDUFBCHMSMBUSH DPMZPTsDBOOBS CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPLBJBFSH, TEAVE YFP NSCH URPUPVOSH kohta. pDOBLP OBN RTEDUFPSMP RTEPDPMEFSH NOPZP RTERSFUFCHYK, RTETSDE YUEN NSCH DPVYMYUSH UPZMBOUYS UPAJOYLPCH TEAVE KHYUBUFYE LTHROSH ZHTBOGKHULYI UPEDYOEOYK CH LVPECFNCHYHI CH LPECSFNCHYHI CH LPECFUFNCHYHI.

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, DCHE MEZLIYE NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOSCH DYCHYYYY FBOLPCHSHCHK RPML, UZHPTNYTPCHBOOSCH H UYYYY RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN MBTNYOB, OE VSHYUFCHYF RHKPPOYCHM BOZMYPDPEOSCH , OBYUBFPZP CH LPOGE PLFSVTS. pDOBLP PVB UPEDYOOYS VSHCHMY UYMSHOSCHNYY IPTPYP CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY. LBTSDPE YЪ OYI VSHMP NPFPTYPCHBOP Y UPUFPSMP YRSFY REIPFOSCHI VBFBMSHPOCH, BTFYMMETYKULPZP RPMLB, TPFSH RFP, TPFSH RCH, RPDTBDEMEOYS TBCHEDLY, TPFSHCH Y UPPSHPHCHUL, TPFSHCH Y RBPFFCTL B CHUTS BVOPK TPFSH Y UMKHTSV. UFY UPEDYOEOYS, CHLMAYUBAYE RPDTBDEMEOYS CHUEI TPDPCH CHPKUL Y RPFPNH URPUPVOSHCHSHRPMOSFSH PFDEMSHOHA FBLFYUEULHA ЪBDBUKH, VSHMY DYCHYYSNY CH VHLCHBMSHOPN UNSHUME U MHRB. iPFS LAULAB UBNPN DEME VSHMY "MEZLYNY" KOOS OBUFBYCHBM YNEOOOPiga OBCHBOYY, LPFPTPPE UPPFCHEFUFCHCHBMP DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY kohta. mBTNYOB, YURPMSHJHS PTHTSIE, PUFBCHMEOOPE DEOGEN YMY ЪBICHBYUEOOPE ULMBDBY kohta, PITBOSENSHI YFBMSHSOULINY LPNYUUYSNY RP RETENYTYA, UOBVDYM CHUE RPD SCHN TBUFPTPPROSCH TEVSFB, CHMBDEMY YN CH UPCHETYEOUFCHE. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPNNYNP DYCHYYPOOPK BTFYMMETYY LBTSDSCHK VBFBMSHPO YNEM YEUFSH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSHCHI PTHDYK. nOPZP VShchMP FBLCE NYOPNEFPCH Y BCHFPNBFYUEULPZP PTHTSYS. h UMHYUBE OBUFHRMEOYS UMEDPCHBMP VSC PVMESUYFSH CHPKULB. OP ЪBFP CH PVPTPOE POY PVMBDBMY YULMAYUYFEMSHOPK PZOECHPK NPESH.

pDPVTYCH 20 UEOFSVTS UPUFBCH DCHHI MEZLYI NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI DYCHYYK, S OBRTBCHYM 7 PLFSVTS YuETYUYMMA RYUSHNP, UPPVEBS ENKH P OBUYI OBNETEOYSI Y CHPNPTSOPUFSI. pDOPCHTENEOOP S OBRYUBM ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEENH CHPKULBNY TEAVE CHPUFPLE ZEOETBMH PLYOMELH, OBRPNYOBS ENKH P OBUYEN TSEMBOY UTBTSBFSHUS CH MYCHYY kohta. s KHLBBM yuETYUYMMA Y ZEOETBMH pLYOMELH, UFP RTY RTPchedeoyy fYI PRETBGYK S ZPFPCH RPDYUYOYFSH CHUA ZTHRRYTPCHLH mBTNYOB BOZMYKULPNH LPNBODPCHBOYA Y UFP, UFP PKKEFCHB, VDTHZPKEFPCHB, OPNOP, OP UNPTsEF RTEDRTYOSFSH OBUFHRMEOYE ZHEGGBO, LPZDB LFP VHDEF OEPVIPDYNP kohta. 9 PLFSSVTS S RPUEFYM BOZMYKULPZP CHPEOOOPZP NYOYUFTB nBTZEUUPOB Y RPRTPPUYM EZP CHNEYBFSHUS CH LFP DEMP. oBLPOEG, 30 PLFSVTS S SUPPVEIM ZEOETBMH lBFTH HUMPCHYS, TEAVE LPFPTSCHI OBIY CHKULB DPMTSOSCH RTYOSFSH HYUBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. ZMBCHOSCHN HUMPCHYEN VSHMB CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH GEMSHNY UPEDYOEOSNY.

fPMSHLP 27 OPSVTS S RPMKHYUM BOZMYKULYK PFCHEF. VSHHMNOE RPUMBO OBUBMSHOILPN YFBVB CHPEOOOPZP LBVYOEFB yuetyuyMMS ZEOETBMPN yUNEEN. EZP RYUSHNP POBYUBMP PFLB, CHETSMYCHSHCHK, OP LBFEZPTYUEULYK. YuFPVSH PVASUOYFSH LFPF PFLB, OSTA UPA'OILY UUSCHMBMYUSH "TBBPVEOOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHULYI YUBUFEK, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHI CH TBMYUOSCHI RHOLFBI UYTYY CH TBMYUOSCHI" HE DYCHYYK Y VTYZBD”, OBLPOEG, ABOUT YI “OEDPUFBFPYUOPE UOBTSSEOYE” . pDOBLP SING CHSTBTSBMY OBDETSDH, YuFP VKHDHEEE RPJCHPMYF RETEUNPFTEFSH LFPF CHPRTPU.

VSHMP SUOP, YuFP BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE TBUUUYUYFSHCHBMP ЪБЧетийФШ ЪБЧПеЧКОЪ MYCHYYY RPLPOYUYFSH U TPNNEMEN VEЪ RPNBODPCHBOYE RPKNPHPCHBMP. rTBCHDB, POP TBURPMBZBMP OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNYY OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNYY OBYUYOSCHNYY UYMBNY CH LFPN TBKPOYY UYYFBMP, YuFP BDNYTBM yODTA LBOYOZN, RTELTBUOSCHK CHPEOBYUBMSHOIL Y NPTSL SH LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFPYCHOILB NETSDH YFBMYEK Y FTYRPMYFBOYEK.

nPTsOP UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFSH, LBL S VShchM TBUPYUBTPCHBO BOZMYKULIN PFCHEFPN. OE rafineerimistehasega DPRKHUFYFSH, YUFPVSH OSTA CHKULB PUFBCHBMYUSH CH VE'DEKUFCHYY OEPRTEDEMOOPE CHTENS, LPZDB CH VYFCHBI TEYBMBUSH UHDSHVB NYTB. rПФПНХ KOOS RTEDRPYU CHЪSFSH KOHTA EUVS TYUL YЪNEOOYS PTYEOFBGYY kohta. koos RTYZMBUYM vPZPNPMPCHB Y RPRTPUYM EZP UPPVEYFSH EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH, YuFP obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF TSEMBM VSHCH, YuFPVSH ZHTBOGHULYE CHPPTHTSEOOSHE UYMSI CHPPTHTSEOOSHE UYMSI OPERATSIERBUY PRUPPUCY PRUPPUMJERBUY TEAVE CHPUFPYUOPN ZHTPOFE CH UMHUBE, EUMY FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE VKhDEF DMS OYI OBLTSHCHF kohta. UBNP UPVPK TBHNEEFUS, S OE DEMBM CH mPODPOE OYLBLPK FBKOSHCH YUCHPEZP RTEDMPTSEOYS. OP EEE DP FPZP, LBL S RPMKHYUM PFCHEF YЪ nPULCHSHCH, OBNETEOYS BOZMYUBO YYNEOMYUSH. 8 LE.” "koos ЪOBA, DPVBCHMSM RTENSHET-NYOYUFT, -YuFP LFP OBNETEOYE UPPFCHEFUFCHHEF CHBYENKH TSEMBOYA. koos ЪOBA FBLCE, LBL CHBYN UPMDBFBN OE FETRYFUS RPNETYFSHUS UYMBNY U OENGBNY.

koos PFCHEFYM yuETYUYMMA, YuFP PDPVTSA RTPELF Y PFDBN OEPVIPDYNSCHE TBURPTTSEOYS ZEOETBMH lBFTH. TEAVE UBNPN DEME BOZMYUBOYE, LTPNE FPZP, YUFP YN VSHMP VSC OERTYSFOP CHPNPTSOPE RETENEEEE OYE ZHTBOGHULYI UYM CH TPUUYA, OBUYOBMY RPOINBFSH, LBLHA CHPEOOKHA CHPEOOKHA CHSHMBZPTYBTYBYBYB ÜHJ OBYLH. laula KHVEDYMYUSH CHPPYUYA, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL KHRPTOP PFUFBYCHBEF LBTSDSCHK LMPYUPL ENMY, YuFP YI UPVUFCHOOSHCHPKULB OEUHF FSTSEMSHCHE RPFETY, YuFP YN OEPVIPDYNP RPFYCHOIL BFFEPTZBOYPPOYNP PVMOOPE L PRETBGYSN U KHYBUFYEN NEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI CHPKUL. pFLBBBCHYUSH PF RTDPDPMTSEOYS OBUFHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYY, SING PCYDBMY, YuFP tPNNEMSH CHULPTE CHOPCSH CHPSHNEF YOYGYBFYCHH CH UCHPY THLY. bFB RETURELFYCHB CHSCHOKHTsDBMB YI PVTBEBFSHUS JB OBYEK RPNPESH.

h LBYTE LBFTKH DPZPCHPTYMUS U PLYOMELLPN P RETEVTPULE CH MYCHYA 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY, BLEOYZ RTY PVUKhTSDEOOY DEFBMEK UZMBYEOYS RETEVTPULE CH MYCHYA, Y VDYCH RTPFPYCHPFBOLPCHSHNYY YEOYFOSCHNY PTHDISNY Y FTBOURPTFOSHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. h SOCHBTE LFB DYCHYYS RTPCHEMB OUEULPMSHLP KHDBUOSHI PECH U YUBUFSNY tPNNEMS, PLTHTSEOOSCHNY CH UPMMHNE Y vBTDAYY, LPFPTSCHE CHULPTE LBRYFHMYTPCHBMY. ChYDS CHETEOYGSH OENEGLYI RMEOOSCHI, LPFPTSCHI POY RPNPZMY ЪBICHBFYFSH, OSTA ChPKULB VSHCHMY RPFTSUEOSH DP ZMHVYOSCH DKHYY. h VPDTPN Y RTYRPDOSFPN OBUFTPEOOY SING OBRTBCHYMYUSH TEAVE ЪBRBD kohta. h ZHECHTBME, h FP CHTENS LBL BOZMYYUBOE TBNEEBMY UCHPY ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH CH GEOFTE LITEOBYLY, FBL OBSCHCHBENPK RPJYGY "zBBBMB", UPUFPSEEK Y OEULPMSHLYI KHLTERMETBKOPOPOSCHI EKN, TBURPPTSEOOSCHK ATSOEE. HLTERMSS UCHPY RPYYGYY, SING CH FP TSE CHTENS CHEMY BLFYCHOSCH TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOSH RPYULY CH ZMHVYOE OYUEKOPK RPMPUSH, PFDEMSCHYEK YI PF ZMBCHOSCHI UYM RTPFPYCHOILB.

OP EUMY 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY RPCHEYMP, FP UPCHUEN YOBYUE PVUFPSMP UP 2-K, LPFPTBS RTDDPMTsBMB VEDEKUFChPCHBFSH CH MECHBOFE. koos CE IPFEM-iga, YuFPVSH POB FBLCE RTYOSMB KHYBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. lBL TB ADELBVTS vPZPNPMPCH UPPVEYM NOE, YuFP NPK RTPELF RPUSCHMLY ZHTBOGHYULYI CHPKUL CH TPUUYA CHUFTEFYM ZPTSYUE PDPVTEOYE EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB, LPFPTPE UPDHUFCHB, LPFPTPE UPDHUFCHP UOBYNEYFPChP N. fPZDB S TEYM RPUMBFSH TEAVE CHPUFPL OE FPMSHLP BCHYBGYPOOKHA ULBDTYMSHA "oPTNBODYS" kohta, OP Y 2-A MEZLHA NFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. fb RPUMEDOSS, PFRTBCHSUSH YYYYYY RTPKDS YUETE vBZDBD, DPMTSOB VSHMB RETEUEYUSH yTBO TEAVE ZTHPCHYLBI, ЪBFEN YЪ fBCHTYЪB RP TSEMEЪOPK DPTPZE RTYVHCHFSHBJ OUT LVBZDBD RTYVHCHFSHBJ. bFP VShchM PVSHYUOSCHK RKHFSH, RP LPFPTPNH YITBOULYI RPTFPCH DPUFBCHMSMYUSH CH TPUUYA ZTHYSHCH, RPUSHMBENSHCHE UPAYOILBNY. 29 DELBVTS S OBRYUBM ZEOETBMH YUNEA, RTEDHRTEDYCH EZP P UCHPYI OBNETEOYSI, Y DBM ZEOETBMH lBFTH OEPVIPDYNSCHE YOUFTHLGYY. 15 NBTFB 2-S NPFPNEIDYCHYYS DPMTSOB VSHMB PFRTBCHYFSHUS TEAVE LBCHLBY, EUMY DP LFPPZP POBO OE RPFTEVPCHBMBUSH VSC H MYCHYY kohta.

BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHSHCHDCHYOHMP CHUE CHPNPTSOSCHE CHPTBTTSEOYS RTPPFYCH RPTPELFB RPUSHMLY DYCHYYY CH TPUUYA. h nPULCHE CE UPCHEFSHCH HICHBFYMYUSH ЪБ БФХ IDEE. nPMPFPCH CH VUEEDBI U zBTTP, ZEOETBM rBOZHYMPCH U REFY FPTPRYMY OBU PUKHEEUFCHYFSH EE; IDEO, RPUFBCHMEOOOSCHK CH YICHEUFOPUFSH, CHCHUFHRIM UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSCH Y OBRYUBM NOE, RPDDETSYCHBS FPYULH ЪTEOYS BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOSCHI. koos RTDDPMTsBM OBUFBYCHBFSH ABOUT UCHPEN, Y CH LPOGE ZHECHTBMS UPAJOYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE RTYOSMP VMBZPRTYSFOPE TEYEOYE. noe UPPVEIM PV LFPN yUNEK. pLYOMEL RPRTPUYM LBFTKH RETEDBFSH CH EZP TBURPTTSEOYE 2-A MEZLHA NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. rPLYOKHCH UYTYA, sündinud RTYVSHMB CH MYCHYA CH RPUMEDOYI YUYUMBI NBTFB.

zTHRRYTPCHLB mBTNYOB VSHMB FERTSH ABOUT NEUF: LEOYZ U 1-K DYCHYYEK ABOUT MYOY VYT-iBLKN, lBBP UP 2-K CH TEETCHE. fBOLPCHSHCHK RPML RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB TENY RPMKHYUBM CH FSHMKH OPCHHA NBFETYBMSHOHA YUBUFSH. tPFB RBTBYAFYUFPCH, LPFPTHA KOOS RETECH YЪ BOZMYY, FTEOYTPCHBMBUSH CH yUNBYMYY, ZPFPCHBS L CHSHRPMOEOYA VPECHPK ЪBDBUY. lFP UPUFBCHMSMP 12 FSHUSYU UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH YMY RTYNETOP 1/5 UYM UPAJOILPC, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH LFPN TBKPOE. yULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU" Y ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mpFBTIOZYS" UTBTSBMYUSH U PLFSVTS NEUSGB CH OEEV LITEOBYLY. NOPZYE OBY RPUSHMSHOSHE UKHDB Y FTBMSHAILY HYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH ULPTFE LBTBCHBOPCH CHDPMSH RPVETSSHS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, OBYUYFEMSHOSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH VSHMY UPUTEDPFPYUEOSCH CHCHTENS TEAVE ZMBCHOPN FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK kohta. CHULPTE VPZ CHPKOSH RTEDPUFBCHYM UPMDBFBN "UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" CHPNPTSOPUFSH KHYBUFCHPCHBFSH CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY RPLTSCHFSH UEVS OEKHCHSDBENPK UMBCHPK. 27 NBS tPNNEMSH RETEIPDIF CH OBUFHRMEOYE. VYT-iBLKN RPDCHETZBEFUS OBRBDEOYA.

h RTEDRTYSFYSI, h LPFPTSCHI TYULHEYSH CHUEN, PVSHYUOP OBUFKHRBEF FBLPC NNEOF, LPZDB FPF, LFP CHEDEF YZTH, YUKHCHUFCHHEF, YuFP UHDSHVB CHPF-CHPF TEYYFUS. rP KhDYCHYFEMSHOPNH UFEYEOYA PVUFPSFEMSHUFCH FSHUSYU YURSHCHFBOYK, LPFPTSCHN PO RPDCHETZBEFUS, LBL VSC CHPRMPEBAFUS OEPTSIDBOOP CH PDOPN TEYBAEEN RYJPDE. eUMY LFPF LRYЪPD VHDEF KHDBUOSCHN, ZHTTFHOB KHMSHCHVOEFUS. OP EUMY PO RTYCHEDEF CH EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHP THLPCHPDYFEMS, CHUE DEMP RTPYZTBOP. h FP CHTENS LPZDB CHPLTHZ RPMYZPOB RMPEBDSHA Ch 16 LCHBDTBFOSCHI LYMPNEFTPC, KhDETSYCHBENPZP UPMDBFBNY LEOZB, TBSHCHZTSCHCHBEFUS DTBNB vYT-iBLEKSHNB, S UBN, OBINNODPONSUSH mPMYZPOB UKHYYCHBS LPNNEOFBTYY, YUYFBS PE CHZMSDBI FP UFTBI, FP OBDETSDH, TBUUUYFSHCHBA, LBLPCHSH VHDHF RPUMEDUFCHYS FPZP, YuFP FBN RTPYUIPDYF. eUMY LFY 5500 VPKGPCH, LBTSDSCHK UP UCHPYN ZPTEN Y OBDETSDPK DPVTPCHPMSHOP RTYVSHCHYYE JTBOGYY, bZhTYLY, MECHBOFB, FYIPZP PLEBOB, UPVBTBOOSHCH, OEUNSDSCHK UP UCHPYN ZPTEN Y OEUNDOTSDPK SFUS, RPFETRSF RPTBTSEOYE, OBUYE DAMP VHDEF UETSHEOP RPDPTCHBOP. th OBPVPTTPF, EUMY CH LFPF NPNEOF, TEAVE LFPC ENME SING UPCHETYBF CHEMILIK RPDCHYZ, VHDHEEE RTYOBDMETSYF OBN!

retchsche VPY RTPchedeosch LBL OEMSHЪS MHYUYE. noe DPOPUSF, YuFP 27 NBS, LPZDB ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH RTPFYCHOILB RTPYMY ATSOEE VYT-iBLEKNB, YUFPVSH PLTHTSYFSH RPIYGYY UPAYOILPC, YFBMSHSOULBS NPFPDYCHYFSH Y RPFETSMB UPTPL YЪ OYI, PVMPNLY LPFPTSCHI KHUESMY RPME VPS. 28 Y 29 NBS OBY PFTSDSHCH, CHSHUMBOOSCH PE CHUEI OBRTBCHMEOSI, HOYUFPTSYMY EEE YFHL RSFOBDGBFSH FBOLPCH Y BICHBFYMY 200 RMEOOSCHI. 31 . URKHUFS DCHB DOS ZHTBOGKHULBS LPMPOOB RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB vTPYB PCHMBDECHBEF RPYGYEK tPFPODB UYOSHSMY, TBURPMPTSEOOPK CH 50 LYMPNEFTBI L ЪBRBDH. 1 YAOS mBTNYOB YOURELFYTHEF OBIY CHPKULB NEUFi kohta. EZP DPOUEEOYE RPMOP PRFYNYNB. h NYTE UPDBEFUS PRTEDEMEOOPE NOOOYE. oELPFPTSCHE RTEDULBSCHBAF, YuFP LFP DEMP NPZMP VSC OBYUYFEMSHOP RTECHPKFY ZTBBOYGSCH FBLFYUEULPK PRETBGYY. TBDYP Y ZBJEFSH UDETSBOOP, CHSHCHVYTBS CHSTBTTSEOYS, ULHRP OBUYOBAF ICHBMYFSH ZHTBOGKHULYE ChPKULB Y YI LPNBOYTPCH.

TEAVE UMEDHAEIK DEOSH tPNNEMSH CHPЪPVOPCHMSEF OBUFHRMEOYE kohta. LFP TB KOHTA BFBLHEF GEOFT RPYYGYY ZEOETBMB TYYUY, OBYOOOPZP PLYOMELLPN LPNBODHAEIN ZHTPOFPN. OENGSH PCHMBDECHBAF CH ZPF-UMSH-ULBTBVE RPYGYEK PDOPK BOZMYKULPK VTYZBDSH, RTEPDPMECHBAF CH LFPN RHOLFE VPMSHYPE NYOOPE RPME, RTYLTSHCHBAEE RPDUFHRSH L zBBMB Y VYTSIAFRTBSCH, YBLEKMBYNTBY RTPFYCH OBUYI CHPKUL PDOKH DYCHYYYA bZHTYLBOULZP LPTRHUB. CHRECHSHCHE U YAOS 1940 ZHTBOGKHYSCH Y OENGSHCH CHOPCHSH CHUFTEYUBAFUS CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY. uOBYUBMB CH NEMLYI UFSHYULBI NSCH ЪBICHBFSHCHBEN 150 RMEOOSCH. OP PUEOSH ULPTP ZHTPOF KHUFBOBCHMYCHBEFUS CH RTEDD4Y VYFCHSHCH. dChKHN CHTBTSEULIN RBTMBNEOFETBN, LPFPTSCHE RTEDMBZBAF LBRYFKHMYTPCHBFSH, LEOYZ PFCHEYUBEF, YuFP PO OE EB LFYN RTYYEM UADB.

NETSDH FEN CH RPUMEDHAEYE DYO RTPPHYCHOIL UFSZYCHBEF LPMSHGP PLTHCEOOYS. vBFBTEY FSTSEMSCHI PTHDYK, CH FPN YUYUME 155-Y 200-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSCHI, CHEDHF RP OBYN RPIYGYSN PZPOSH, LPPTTSCHK UFBOPCHYFUS CHUE VPMEE YOFEOUYCHOSCHN. FTY, YUEFSHTE, RSFSH TB TEAVE DEOSH YFKHTNPCHYLY Y "AOLETUSCH" kohta UPCHETYBAF OBMEFSCH RP UPFOE UBNPMEFPCH PDOPCHTENEOOP. rTPDPCHPMSHUFCHYE RPUFHRBEF CH OEDPUFBFPYUOPN LPMYUEUFCHE. h VYT-iBLEKNE CHUE NEOSHYE PUFBEFUS VPERTYRBUPCH, KHNEOSHIBEFUS RTDPDCHPMSHUFCHEOOSCHK TBGYPO, UPLTBEBEFUS TBDBYUB CHPDSH. rPD RBMSAIN UPMOGEN, UTEDY REUUBOSCHY CHYITEK ЪBEYFOILY OBIPDSFUS CH RPUFPSOOPK FTECHPZE, TSYCHHF CHNEUFE U TBOEOSCHNY, IPTPOSF NETFCHSCHI TSDPN UPVPK. 3 YAOS ZEOETBM tPNNEMSH OBRTBCHMSEF RYUSHNP, OBRYUBOOPE YN UPVUFCHEOOPTHYUOP, U FTEVPCHBOYEN UMPTSYFSH PTHTSYE "CH RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POY POY." 5 YAOS PDYO YЪ EZP PZHYGETPCH RPCHFPTSEF LFP RTEDMPTSEOYE. ENH PFCHEYUBEF PZPOSH OBYEK BTFYMMETYY. OP CH FP CE CHTENS PE NOPZYI UFTBOBI L OBN RTPVKhTsDBEFUS YOFETEU RHVMYLY. ZhTBOGKHYSCH VYT-iBLEKNB RTYCHMELBAF CHUE VPMSHYEE CHOINBOYE REYUBFY Y TBDYP. pVEEUFCHOOPE NOOOYE ZPFPCHYFUS CHSCHOEFY UCHPA PGEOLKH. chPRTPU UFBCHYFUS FBL: NPTsEF MINU EEE UMBCHB PUEOYFSH OBUYI UPMDBF?

7 YAOS VYT-iBLEKN RPMOPUFSHHA PLTHTSEO. 90-S OENEGLBS DYCHYYS Y YFBMSHSOULBS DYCHYYS “fTYEUF”, RPDDETSBOOSCH DCHHNS DEUSFLBNY VBFBTEK Y UPFOSNY FBOLPCH, ZPFPCHSH L YFKHTNH. "rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE YEUFSH DOEK!" RTYLBYBMP LEOYZH UPA'OYUUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHEWETPN 1 YAOS. fY YEUFSH DOEK YUFELMY. "rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE UPTPL CHPUENSH YUBUPCH", RTPUYF ZEOETBM tyuy. uMEDHEF ULBYBFSH, YUFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB, OBOEUYE FBLYE RPFETY 8-K BTNYY CHCHBCHYE FBLPE ЪBNEYBFEMSHUFChP, FBLPCSHCH, UFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB HPNPTSOB. YuFP LBUBEFUS TPNNEMS, FP, UFTENSUSH VSHCHUFTEE DPUFYUSH EZYRFB, RPMSHJHSUSH UNSFEOYEN UTEDY BOZMYUBO, PYUEOSH TBDTBTSEO LFYN UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ZHTBOGKKEFTSBEZF YHTBOGKFÜFSZEFB P LPNNHOILBGYY. VYT-iBLEKN UFBOPCHYFUS EZP PUOPCHOPK ЪBVPFPK Y EZP ZMBCHOPK GEMSHA. BY HCE OEPDOPLTBFOP RPSCHMSMUS TEAVE RPIYGYSI Y UDEMBEF LFP EEE OE TB, YUFPVSH KHULPTYFSH DEKUFCHYS YFKHTNHAEYI CHPKUL kohta.

8 YAOS OBUYOBAFUS PCEUFPYUEOOOSCH BFBLY. REIPFB RTPFPYCHOILB OEPDOPLTBFOP, RTY RPDDETSLE LTHROSHHI UYM BTFYMMETYY FBOLPCH, OBUFPKYYCHP, OP VEKHUREYOP RSCHFBEFUS PCHMBDEFSH FEN YMY YOSCHN HYUBUFLPN OBUYI RPYI. PYUEOSH FSSEMSCHK DEOSH DMS OBYI CHPKUL Y FSSEMBS OPYUSH, CH FEYOOYE LPFPTPK RTYCHPDSFUS CH RPTSDPL OSTA RPUFTBDBCHIYE PF PVUFTEMB RPYYGYY. 9 YAOS BFBLY CHPЪPVOPCHMSAFUS. chTBTSEULBS BTFYMMETYS HUYMYMBUSH PTHDYSNY LTHROPZP LBMYVTB, U LPFPTSCHNY OE NPZHF CHEUFY VPTSHVH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSH PTHDYS RPMLPCHOILB mPTBO-yBNRTPJ. OBOY UPMDBFSH RPMKHYUBAF CHUEZP MYYSH PLPMP DCHHI MYFTPC CHPDSHCH UHFLY, YUFP CH ЪDEYOEN NEUFOPN LMYNBFE SCHMSEFUS UPCHETYOOOP OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHN. pDOBLP OEPVIPDYNP EEE DETSBFSHUS, RPFPNKH YuFP CH UCHSY UP UNSFEOYEN, RPUFEREOOOP PICHBFSCHCHBAEIN TBMYUOSHE RPDTBDEMEOYS BOZMYKULPK BTNYY, URPTPFYCHMEOYE LEOZYCHMEOYE TOBEBOOBEEYE FTYPVTEFOYE LEOZBAEYE RTYPVTEFOYEN. “ZETPYUEULBS PVPTPOB ZHTBOGGHPCH!” "vMEUFSAKE RPDCHYZ"! "ОENGSH TBVYFSH RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN!" PE CHEUSH ZPMPU FTHVSF YOZHPTNBGYPOOSCHE BZEOFUFCHB mPODPOB, OSHA-kPTLB, nPOTEBMS, lBYTB, TYP-DE-tsBOEKTP, vHIOPU-bKTEUB. nsch RTYVMYTSBENUS L GEMY, LPFPTHA OBNEFYMY, CHPЪMPTSYCH TEAVE CHPKULB "UCHPVPDOPC ZhTBOGYY" kohta, UFPMSH OEBOBYUYFEMSHOSH RP YUYUMEOOPUFY, VPMSHYKHA TPMSH CH LFYUP VPMSHHYHIUP VPMSHHYHIUP VPMSHHYUP. RKHYLY RPD VYT-iBLKNPN CHPCHEUFYMY CHUENKH NYTH P OBYUBME CHPTSDEOYS ZhTBOGYY.

OP PFOSHHOE NOE OE DBEF RPLPS NSCHUMSH P URBUEOYY BEYFOILPC. koos RPOINBA, YuFP POY OE UNPZHF CH FEYUEOOYE RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOPZP CHTENEY PFTTBTSBFSH BFBLY, RPDDETSBOOSCH NPEOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. lPOYUOP, S KHVETSDEO CH FPN, YuFP CH MAVPN UMHYUBE DYCHYYS OE UDBUFUS, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL VHDEF MYYEO KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYS KHCHYDEFSH, LBL RETED TPNNNEMEN RTPKPMDEF DMYOOPKIPO YFPYPKIPO YFPYOOBS HDHF OERPLPMEVYNP UFPSFSH TEAVE NEUFA, FP RTPFYCHOILH, YuFPVSH PDPMEFSH YI, RPOBDPVYFUS kohta HOYUPPTSYFSH YI RP YUBUFSN. OP TEYUSH YDEF P FPN, YuFPVSH URBUFY CHPKULB, BOE P FPN, YuFPVSH RTYNYTYFSHUS U YI ZETPYUEULPK ZYVEMSHA. NOE UPCHETYEOOP OEPVIPDYNSCH DMS DBMSHOEKYI PRETBGYK LFY UPFOY RTECHPUIPDOSH PZHYGETPCH Y KHOFET-PZHYGETPCH, LFY FSCHUSYU PFMYUOSHI UPMDBF. UPCHETYYCH PDYO RPDCHYZ, POY DPMTSOSCH FERETSH UPCHETYYFSH DTHZPK: RPTCHBFSHUS ULCHPSH LPMSHGP CHTBTSEULYI CHPKUL, RTPKDS YUETE NYOOSCH RPMS, Y RTYUPEDYOIFSHUS LUPCHETYYFSH DTHZPK.

iPFS S CHPDETTSYCHBAUSH PF OERPUTEDUFCHEOOPZP CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHB CH THLPCHPDUFCHP UTBTSEOYEN, FEN OE NEOEE CH FEYOOYE 8. 9 YAOS S RTDDPMTsBA U VPMSHYPK OBUCHEBULFKIKKNB KHLBSHCHBS, YuFP YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP CHBTsOP, YUFPVSH LEOYZ, RPLB EEE OE RPJDOP, RPMKHYUM RTYLB RPRSHCHFBFSHUS CHSHCHKFY Y PLTHTSEOYS . koos RPChFPTSA PV LFPN 10 YAOS yuETYUYMMA, U LPFPTSCHN S PVUKhTSDBM FPZDB ChPRTPU P nBDBZBULBTE. FEN CHTENEOEN TBCHSB RTYVMYTSBEFUS, Y S FEMEZTBZHYTHA LPNBODITH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPK DYCHYYY: „ZEOETBM LEOYZ! "OBKFE Y RETEDBKFE CHBYN CHPKULBN, YuFP CHUS ZhTBOGYS UNPFTYF CHBU Y ZPTDYFUS CHBNY kohta!" b H LPOGE DOS ZEOETBM UT BMBO vTHL, OBYUBMSHOIL YNRETULPZP YFBVB, PVYASCHMSEF NOE, YuFP U UBNPZP KhFTB RTPFPYCHOIL CHEDEF PTSEUFPYOOOSCH BFBLY TEAVE VYT-iBLÜBBHLOSFOYDBYBHLUBBOYSFOYDBY, OPCHHA RPYGYA, EUMY LFP ENKH KHDBUFUS UDEMBFSH. PRETBGYS DPMTSOB RTPYPKFY OPIUSHA.

umbes UMEDHAEE KhFTP, 11 YAOS, CHPUFPTTSEOOP-NTBUOSCH LPNNEOFBTYY TBDIY ZBJEF. rPULPMSHLH OILFP OE OBEF, YuFP ZHTBOGKHSCH RSCHFBAFUS CHSHKFY YI PLTHTSEOYS, CHUE, PYUECHYDOP, TsDHF U NYOHFSHCH TEAVE NYOHFKH, YuFP YI URPTPPHYCHMEOYE VHDEF UMPNMEOP kohta. OP CHPF CHYUETPN vTHL RPUSCHMBEF NOE UMEDHAEE YJCHEUFYE: „ZEOETBM LEOYZ Y VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH EZP CHPKUL DPUFYZMY UMSH-ZPVI Y OBIPDSFUS CHOE DPUZBENPUFY RTPPHYCHOILB.” koos VMBZPDBTA CHEUFOILB, PFRHULBA EZP, ЪBLTSCHCHBA DCHETSH. PUFBAUSH LÕUNASÖÖGIGA UBNYN UPVPK-s. UETDGE VSHEFUS PF CHPMOOYS. NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF YUKHCHUFCHP PZTPNOPK ZPTDPUFY, MSHAFUS UMESH TBDPUFY!

1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS OBUYFSHCHBMB DP UTBTSEOYS RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN RTYVMYJFEMSHOP 5500 YUEMPCHEL, B RPUME DCHHIOEDEMSHOSHI PECH LEOYZ CHCHCHPDOMSCHEM PFFEKPDOMSCHEM PFFEKPPYMPYMBYMPHDB HTSVE UPMDBF. oELPFPTPPE LPMYUEUFCHP TBOEOSCHI HDBMPUSH CHSHCHEFFY CH FSHM CHNEUFE U YUBUFSNY. OBOY CHPKULB PUFBCHYMY TEAVE RPME VPS 1109 PZHYGETPCH Y UPMDBF, KHVYFSHCHI, TBOEOSCHY YMY RTPRBCHYI VEJ CHEUFY kohta. UTEDY KHVYFSHCHI FTY UFBTYI PZHYGETB: RPDRPMLPCHOIL VTPY, NBKPTSH UBCHE Y vTYLPOSH. UTEDY TBOEOSCHI, PUFBCHYIUS TEAVE RPME VPS-i, NBKPTSH RAYHB Y vBVPOOP kohta. rTYYMPUSH PUFBCHYFSH YUBUFSH RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP KHOYUFPTSEOOPK VPECHPK FEIOIL. OP RPFETY, LPFPTSHCHE NSCH OBOEUMY RTPFYCHOILH, CH FTY TBBB RTECHPUIPDIMY OBUY RPFETY.

12 YAOS OENGSH PVYASCHYMY, YFP OBLBOKHOYE LAULAVAD “CHSMY YFKHTNPN” VYT-iBLEKN. ъBFEN VETMYOULPE TBDYP PRHVMYLPCHBMP UMEDHAEE LPNNAOYLE: “fBL LBL ZHTBOGKHSCH, VEMSHY GCHEFOSCH, ЪBICHBUEOOSCH RMEO RPD VYT-iBLKNPN, OE RTYOBDMETSBF FUTBHFZTOPHTOPTHOMSHY, FPUTBFUTB FÜFTNEMSHY CHPEOOOSCHN ЪBLPOBN.” yuBU URKHUFS S RPRTPUYM RETEDBFSH RP vY-vY-uY TEAVE CHUEI SSHCHLBI UMEDHAEE UBSCHMEOYE kohta: „eUMY ZETNBOWLS BTNYS PVEUUEUFYF UEVS HVYKUFCHPN ZHTBOGKHULYI UPMDBY UPMDBY SHИLPBUS CHPA TPDYOH, ZEOETBM DE zPMMSH DPMTSEO UPPVEYFSH, YuFP, L UCHPENKH ZMHVPLPNH UPTSBMEOYA , VKhDEF CHSCHOKHTSDEO RPUFKHRYFSH FBLCE U OENGBNY, ЪBICHBUEOOSCHNY CH RMEO EZP CHPKULBNY". l LPOGKH DOS VETMYOULPE TBDYP PVYASCHYMP: „pFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHTBOGHQULYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI, BICHBUEOOSHI CH RMEO PE CHTENS PECH ЪB VYT-iBLEKN, OE NPTsEF OEPNOILBOYLOHFSH. u UPMDBFBNY ZEOETBMB DE zPMMS VHDHF PVTBEBFSHUS LBL U UPMDBFBNY.” fBL POP Y VSHMP CH DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY.

h FP CHTENS LBL 1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RETEZTHRRYTPCHBMBUSH CH UYDY-vBTTBBOY LBFTKH VEJ RTPNEDMEOYS RTYUFKHRYM L EE RPRPMOEOYA, OBYBOYTPCHBOOBS BCHYBTYBTYPSHBMBUSH BUFYE CH KHUYMYCHYIUS DEKUFCHYSI BOZMYKULPK YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK BCHYBGYY, B OBYB BCHYBZTHRRRB "mPFBTYOZYS" HYUBEBMB UPCHNEUFOP U VPNV BTDYTPCHEYLBNY BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOP-CHP'DKHYOSCHI UYM UCHPY OBMEFSCH TEAVE LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFYCHOILB-st. h FP CE CHTENS OBOY RBTBYAFYAFYUFSHCHSHCHRPMOSMY VMEUFSEYE PRETBGYY. fBL, OBRTYNET, CH OPYUSH U 12 UMBES 13 YAOS ZTHRRSH RBTBYAFYUFPCH HOYUFPTSYMY 12 UBNPMEFPCH TEAVE CHTBTSEULYI BTPPDTPNBI CH MYCHYY, B LBRYFBO VETCE, UVTPEOOOPUPMTBFNYFT ABPMTYSHBBLLY , UKHNEM, DP FPZP LBL EZP UICHBFYMY, RPDTSEYUSH 21 VPNVBTDYTPCHAIL, 15 ZTHJPCHYLPCH Y ULMBD ZPTAYUEZP BHTPDTPNE H lBODY kohta.

pDOBLP 8-S BTNYS, CHOEBROP PICHBUEOOBS NPTBMSHOPK KHUFBMPUFSHA, RPLYOKHMB LITEOBYLH, PUFBCHYCH TEAVE NEUFE OBYUYFEMSHOP LPMYUEUUFCHP VPECHPK FEIOIL. ZEOETBM PLYOMEL OBDESMUS UPITBOIFSH RP LTBKOEK NETE fPVTHL, UIMSHOP KHLTERMEOOHA LTERPUFSH, UOBVTSBCHYKHAUS U NPTS. OP 24 YAOS ZBTOYPO, OBUYFSHCHBCHYIK 33 FSCHUSYUYUEMPCHEL, UDBMUS OENGBN. mYYSH U VPMSHYYN FTHDPN BOZMYUBOBN KHDBMPUSH ЪBLTERIFSHUS TEAVE CHCHUPFBI UMSH-bMBNEKOB kohta. pDYO HYUBUFPL RPYYGYY KHDETSYCHBMB 2-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN ZEOETBMB lBBP, OBLPOEG CHCHEDEOOBS CH DEM. UTEDY TEYETCHPCH OBIPDIMBUSH FBOLPCHBS ZTHRRB RPMLPCHOILB TENY, UTPYUOP UOBVTSEOOBS NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFSH. rPMPTSEOYE VSHMP FSTSEMPE. CHEUSH chPUFPL, PICHBUEOOSCHK FTECHPZPK, PTSYDBM CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH Y YFBMSHSOGECH CH LBYT Y BMELUBODTYA.

OP LFPF KHRBDPL DHib OBYI UPAJOYLPCH, LBL RPLBBBMY UPVSHCHFYS, OPUYM MYYSH CHTENEOOSHCHK IBTBLFET. dPMTSEO VSHM OBUFKHRYFSH DEOSH, LPZDB VMBZPDBTS ZPURPDUFCHH TEAVE NPTE, OPCHSHCHN RPDLTERMEOYSN, SCHOPNH RTECHPUIPDUFCHH BCHYBGYYY, OBLPOEG, CHPEOOSHPEOOSHCHN URPUPUPVOLPVOPUFSn PPEOFSHLPDPPPNN AF bfh CHTENEOOHA UMBVPUFSH. chRTPYUEN, CHPKULB tPNNEMS, VPECHSHCHE RTYRBUSCH LPFPTSCHI OBIPDIMYUSH TEAVE YUIPDE, RTYPUFBOPCHYMY UCPE RTPDCHYTSEOYE CHREDED. pDOBLP UMPTSYCHYBSUS PVUFBOPCHLB PUPVEOOOP RPDYUETLYCHBMB VPMSHYPE OBYEOYE OBUYI DEKUFCHYK. zEOETBM PLYOMEL VMBZPTPDOP RTYOBM LFP. 12 YAOS PO PRHVMYLPCHBM CH YUEUFSH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY OBNEYUBFEMSHOPE LPNNAOYLE: „pVYAEDYOOOSCH OBGYY, ЪBCHUCCHYM PO, YUEUFSH, YUEUFSH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC MBZPDBTOPUFY CH UCHSY U DEKUFCHYSNYY LFYI ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPKUL YI DPVMEUFOPZP ZEOETBMB.”

yEUFSH DOEK URKHUFS CH mPODPOE 10 FSHUSYU ZHTBOGKHPCH, CHPEOOSCHI YYFBFULYI, UPVITBAFUS TEAVE FPTCEUFCHEOOPE UPVTBBOYE, YUFPVSH PFNEFIFSH CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYOH RTYYSHCHBOS18. Chue Yuefshchte ufbtsb bmshvetf-ipmmb ЪBRPMOEOSCH DP PFLBB, OBULPMSHLP bFP RPЪCHPMSAF YOUFTHHLGYY RP VEЪPRBUOPUFY. pZTPNOPE FTEIGCHEFOPE RPMPFOEE, KHLTBYEOOPE mPFBTYOZULIN LTEUFPN, RTPFSOHFP ЪB FTYVHOPK Y RTYCHMELBEF L UEVE CHPTSH CHUEI RTYUHFUFCHHAEYI. oBIPDS CHPMOPCHBOOSCHK PFLMYL CH UETDGBI, ЪCHHYUBF "nBTUEMSHEB" Y "mPFBTYOZULIK NBTY". ъBOYNBS NEUFP, PLHTSEOOSCHK YUMEOBNY oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB Y UPCHUEN OEDBCHOP RTYVSHCHYYNYY ZHTBOGYY DPVTCHPMSHGBNY, S UMSHCHYKH, PLTHTSEOOSCHK YUMEOBNY LPGYPOBMSHOPZPJOFHYPMYBUUBS SOYSI. h LFPF DEOSH OBTSDKH U OBDETSDPK S YURSHCHFSHCHBA MILPCHBOIE. alates CHSHUFKHRBA U TEYUSHA. lFP OEPVIPDYNP. ZETPY UPCHETYBAF RPDCHYZY CH VPTSHVE. OP DMS FPZP, YuFPVSH CHPPDKHYECHYFSH YI TEAVE RPDCHYZ, OHTSOSCH RMBNEOOSCH UMchB kohta.

gYFYTHS YYTEYUEOYE yBNZhPTB: „tBUUHDYFEMSHOSHCHE MADI RTPЪSVBMY. OP RP-OBUFPSEENH TSYMY FPMSHLP MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK", -- S OBRPNYOBA P RKHFY, RTPKDEOOPN "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYEK" JB DCHB ZPDB. “OBN RTYYMPUSH NOPZP RETETSYFSH, RPFPNH YuFP NSCH MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK. OP NSCH FBLCE Y RTPЪSVBMY! bI! lBL NSCH TBUUKHDIFEMSHOSHCH!.. NSCH ZPCHPTYN U UBNPZP RETCHPZP DOS: ZhTBOGYS OE CHSHCHYMB YI CHPKOSHCH; CHMBUFSH, KHUFBOPCHMEOOBS RKhFEN PFLBB PF OBGYPOBMSHOSCHI YOFETEUPCH, OE SCHMSEFUS ЪBLPOOPK CHMBUFSHA; OBIY KUKKUS TBPTCHBOSHCH, NSCH DPLBSCHBEN LFP DEMPN: CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVPK... lPOYUOP, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY CHETYFSH CH FP, YuFP CHEMYLPVTYFBOYS VHDEF UFPCHBOSHCH, Y bSHFPNTPPLLP DETSBFFETYBEN, YbSHFPNTPFUHDB, Y bSHFPNTPP FP ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD OE RTYNYTYFUS U RPTBTSEOYEN. th YUFP TSE, NSH OE PIYVMYUSH!” ъBFEN S RTYCHEFUFCHHA OBUYI VPTGPCH PE CHUEN NYTE Y KHYUBUFOYLPCH DCHYTSEOYS uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PE ZhTBOGYY. koos RTYCHEFUFCHHA FBLCE YNRETYA, CHETOKHA YNRETYA, YUIPDOKHA VBKH DMS CHPTSDEOYS UFTBOSHCH. TBHNEEFUS, RPOBDPVYFUS, YUFPVSH RPUME CHPKOSH VSHMB YЪNEOOOB SELLE UFTHHLFKHTB. OP ZhTBOGYS EDYOPDHYOP OBNETECHBEFUS UPITBOIFSH SEE EDYOUFCHP Y FETTYFPTYBMSHOHA OERTYLPUOPCHOOPUFSH. „dBCE FP RTYULPTVOPE NHTSEUFChP, U LPFPTSCHN CHPKULB, PRHFBOOSCH MTSSHA chYYY, ЪBEEBAF FE YOMY YOSHE CHMBDEOOYS YNRETYY PF UTBTsBAEEKUS ZhTBOGYYYY EE UPAJOILPTBBEEPCHEPCHURNCHYCHYYYY, PPLNBBEEB FOOMS YOMY YOSHE CHMBDEOOYS N LFPC OERTELMPOOPC CHPMY ZHTBOGKHIPCH..." koos LPOUFBFYTHA, YuFP, OEUNPFTS OH UFP-ga, uTBTSBAEBSUS zhTBOGYS CHURMSCHCHBEF TEAVE RPCHETIOPUFSH PLEBOBI kohta. “lPZDB MHYU CHPTSDBAEEKUS UMBCHSH PBTYM CH VIT-iBLEKNE PLTPPCHBCHMEOOOSCH ZPMPCHSHCH EE UPMDBF, NYT RTYOBM zhTBOGYA...”

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Poliitiline ajalugu 20. sajandi Prantsusmaa Arzakanjan Marina Tsolakovna

"Vaba Prantsusmaa"

"Vaba Prantsusmaa"

Samaaegselt Prantsusmaa lüüasaamisega algas tema vastupanu ajalugu okupantidele. Seda seostatakse ennekõike silmapaistvate Prantsuse sõjaliste, poliitiliste ja riigimees XX sajand Kindral Charles de Gaulle.

De Gaulle sündis 22. novembril 1890 aristokraatlikus perekonnas ning kasvas üles patriotismi ja katoliikluse vaimus. Pärast Saint-Cyri kõrgema sõjakooli lõpetamist võitles ta Esimese maailmasõja väljadel ja lõpetas kapteni auastmega. Sõdadevahelisel perioodil jätkas de Gaulle oma sõjaväelist karjääri. Kuid juba 20ndate keskpaigast ulatus tema tegevus sõjaväeteenistuse piiridest kaugele. Ta kirjutas ja pidas palju kõnesid. Neljas de Gaulle'i raamatus - "Ebakõla vaenlase laagris" (1924), "Mõõga serval" (1932), "Professionaalsele armeele" (1934) ja "Prantsusmaa ja selle armee" (1938). ) - kajastas autori enda sõjalist doktriini ja tema elukreedot. Ta oli sisuliselt esimene Prantsusmaal, kes ennustas tankivägede otsustavat rolli tulevases sõjas ning esitles end Prantsuse natsionalismi pooldajana ja tugeva täidesaatva võimu toetajana.

De Gaulle oli kindel vastane Prantsuse armee kindralstaabis välja töötatud kaitsetaktikale, mis põhines ideel, et Maginot' liin on ligipääsmatu. Ta hoiatas selliste vaadete destruktiivsuse eest ja kutsus üles tugevdama riigi kaitsevõimet. De Gaulle pidas vajalikuks ennekõike moodustada Prantsusmaal sõidukitega varustatud täiendav tankikorpus uusim mudel. Ta otsis poolehoidjaid sõjalistest ja poliitilistest ringkondadest. 1934. aastal õnnestus tal isegi kohtuda Paul Reynaud'ga, kuid de Gaulle ei saavutanud oma ideedele tõhusat toetust.

Teise maailmasõja alguses määrati komandöriks koloneli auastmes teeninud de Gaulle tankiväed Alsace'is. Kui Saksamaa alustas 1940. aastal kiiret pealetungi läänerindel, sai ta käsu juhtida kiiruga üles tõstetud soomusdiviisi. Terve mai võitles ta ennastsalgavalt, kandes suuri kaotusi. Vaenlasel oli tohutu eelis tankide, suurtükiväe ja lennunduse vallas. Sõjaväeteenistuste eest ülendati de Gaulle brigaadikindraliks.

Pariisis määras Paul Reynaud oma kabineti ümberkorraldamisel de Gaulle'i sõjaministri asetäitjaks. Kindral saabus kohe pealinna. Ta nõudis kangekaelselt sõja jätkamist ja püüdis Reynaud’d selles veenda. De Gaulle kutsus valitsust kolima Prantsusmaa Põhja-Aafrika valdustele ja võitlema, tuginedes riigi tohutule koloniaalimpeeriumile. Ministrite nõukogu esimees otsustas aga võimu üle anda marssal Petainile. Siis pani de Gaulle toime enneolematu teo. Ta keeldus resoluutselt allumast uutele alistuma suunduvatele Prantsuse võimudele ja lendas 17. juunil 1940 sõjaväelennukiga Londonisse.

Inglismaa pealinnas kohtus mässuline kindral kohe Briti peaministri Winston Churchilliga ja kinnitas talle kindlat kavatsust võitlust jätkata. 18. juunil pidas de Gaulle Londoni raadios kuulsa kõne, mis oli adresseeritud kaasmaalastele. Selles väitis ta, et olukord Prantsusmaal pole kaugeltki lootusetu, sest alanud sõda oli globaalse iseloomuga ja selle tulemust ei otsusta ainult lahing Prantsusmaa pärast. Kõne lõppes järgmiste sõnadega: „Mina, kindral de Gaulle, kes viibib praegu Londonis, kutsun Prantsuse ohvitsere ja sõdureid, kes viibivad Suurbritannia territooriumil või kes võivad seal viibida, minuga kontakti looma. Mis ka ei juhtuks, Prantsuse vastupanu leek ei tohi kustuda ega kao. Nii heisati juba 1940. aasta juunis Prantsuse vastupanu lipp vaenlasele.

Londonis asutas de Gaulle organisatsiooni Vaba Prantsusmaa, mille eesmärk oli võidelda fašistlik SaksamaaÜhendkuningriigi poolel. Vichy valitsus mõistis de Gaulle'i tagaselja surma "kõrgendamise" ja "reetmise" eest. Sellest hoolimata hakkasid vabade prantslastega ühinema nii sõjaväelased kui ka tsiviilisikud väga erineva taustaga. poliitilised vaated ja uskumused. 1940. aasta lõpus oli inimesi vaid 7 tuhat, vähem kui kahe aasta pärast kasvas see arv kümnekordseks.

7. augustil 1940 allkirjastasid de Gaulle ja Churchill lepingu Prantsusmaa vabatahtlike vägede organiseerimise ja kasutamise kohta Inglismaal. De Gaulle kohustus moodustama ja teostama nende vägede kõrgeimat juhtimist vastavalt Briti valitsuse üldjuhistele. Suurbritannia ei tunnustanud de Gaulle'i õigusi teostada riigivõimu ja pidas “vabu prantslasi” vaid vabatahtlikeks nende teenistuses. See aga pakkus de Gaulle'ile regulaarset rahalist toetust ja andis võimaluse luua lisaks sõjaväelisele organile ka tsiviilorgan. De Gaulle’i käsutusse anti ka Inglise BBC raadiojaam. Selle kaudu tegi Vaba Prantsusmaa Prantsusmaale propagandasaateid.

Esiteks suunas de Gaulle oma jõupingutused Prantsuse, peamiselt Aafrika kolooniate oma valdusse. Toetajate abiga alustas ta seal aktiivset propagandat sõja jätkamise ja vabade prantslastega liitumise poolt. Põhja-Aafrika valitsus lükkas sellised ettepanekud kategooriliselt tagasi ja jäi Vichy valitsusele truuks. Prantsuse Ekvatoriaal-Aafrika kolooniad käitusid erinevalt. Juba augustis 1940 liitus Tšaad de Gaulle'iga. Mõne aja pärast läksid Kongo, Ubangi-Shari, Gabon ja Kamerun kindrali poolele. Mitmed väikesed Prantsuse valdused Vaikses ookeanis kuulutasid oma tunnustamist välja. See oli esimene suur edu. Tõsi, 1940. aasta septembris said gaulistid tõsise kaotuse. Inglise-Prantsuse eskadrilli ekspeditsioon, mille eesmärk oli vallutada Prantsusmaa Lääne-Aafrika tähtsaim sadam - Dakar, lõppes ebaõnnestumisega. Linnagarnison jäi Vichy poolele. Ometi oli Vabal Prantsusmaal nüüd oma territoriaalne baas Aafrika mandril. See võimaldas de Gaulle'il hakata looma oma "riigiaparaati" ja lahutada end otsustavalt Vichy valitsusest.

27. oktoobril 1940 andis de Gaulle välja manifesti prantslaste sõjaaegse juhtimise kohta. Selles mõistis ta hukka Petaini kabineti tegevuse, rääkis selle eksisteerimise ebaseaduslikkusest ja nimetas kollaboratsioniste "juhuslikeks liidriteks", kes alistusid vaenlasele. De Gaulle teatas, et kasutab Prantsusmaa nimel võimu ainult selleks, et kaitsta riiki vaenlase eest.

Päris 1940. aasta lõpus loodi Vaba Prantsuse Poliitikaamet. Selle tööd juhtis de Gaulle ise. Ta määratles ka direktoraadi ülesanded: „Looge ja kasutage teabeteenuseid, mis koguvad materjale Prantsusmaa ja impeeriumi poliitilise olukorra kohta. Organiseerida ja toetada Vaba Prantsuse liikumist Prantsusmaal ja impeeriumis ning püüda laiendada selle tegevust vanadele ja uutele poliitilistele, sotsiaalsetele, usulistele, majanduslikele, kutse- ja intellektuaalsetele organisatsioonidele ning veenda neid vajaduses allutada hetkel kõik isiklikud huvid ühele. - rahvuslik". Juhtkond koosnes Kindralstaap ja infoteenus. Neile allus kolm bürood. Esimene määratles konkreetsed ülesanded. Teine eesmärk oli viia need läbi Prantsusmaa ja koloniaalimpeeriumi territooriumil. Hiljem kasvas see kuulsaks teadlikkuse ja tegevuse keskbürooks (CBRA). Kolmas tegeles välisriikidega kontaktide loomisega. De Gaulle saatis selle esindajad erinevatesse maailma piirkondadesse, et saavutada vabade prantslaste tunnustamine välisriikide valitsuste poolt.

Septembris 1941 andis de Gaulle välja vaba Prantsuse määruse. Ta asutas Rahvuskomitee, mis täitis ajutiselt riigivõimu ülesandeid. Seda kutsuti eksisteerima kuni "kuni luuakse prantsuse rahva esindus, mis on võimeline väljendama rahva tahet, olenemata vaenlasest". Rahvuskomiteesse kuulusid esimehe kindral de Gaulle'i poolt ametisse nimetatud volinikud: Rene Pleven (komitee tegevust koordineeriv), Maurice Dejean (välisasjad), Rene Cassin (justiits- ja rahvaharidus), kindral Legentille (sõjaasjad), admiral Muselier. (sõjaväe- ja kaubalaevad), kindral Valen (lennundus), André Dietelme (siseasjad). Volinikud juhtisid rahvuskomissariaate. Niisiis loodi Vaba Prantsusmaa raames mingi valitsuse nägemus.

Vaba Prantsusmaa (alates juulist 1942 – Võitlev Prantsusmaa) koostöö liitlastega Hitleri-vastases koalitsioonis ei olnud alguses lihtne. Esiteks puudutas see de Gaulle'i suhete arengut Briti valitsusega, enne mida ta kaitses Prantsuse rahvuslikke huve. Vaba Prantslaste juht püüdis takistada Inglise mõju levikut Prantsuse koloniaalvaldustes.

1941. aasta suvel kukutati brittide ja "vabade prantslaste" ühise sõjalise operatsiooni tulemusena Lähis-Ida Prantsuse kolooniates - Süürias ja Liibanonis - Vichy režiim. 1942. aasta kevadel vallutas Suurbritannia Madagaskari saare ja likvideeris sealse Vichy administratsiooni. Britid tahtsid nendes Prantsuse valdustes oma võimu kehtestada. De Gaulle oli sellele kategooriliselt vastu ning liidetas tohutute jõupingutuste ja raskete diplomaatiliste läbirääkimiste hinnaga Süüria, Liibanoni ja Madagaskari Vaba Prantsuse liikumisega.

Kohe pärast Suure algust Isamaasõda de Gaulle algatas vabade prantslaste nimel koostöö NSV Liiduga, kes oli varem Vichyga diplomaatilisi suhteid hoidnud.

22. juuni 1941 sündmused leidsid kindrali Aafrikas. 30. juunil teatas Vichy valitsus diplomaatiliste suhete katkestamisest Nõukogude Liiduga. NSV Liidu täievoliline esindaja Vichy A.E. Bogomolovi juhtimisel kutsuti Prantsusmaalt kohe tagasi. Kuid juba 1. juulil telegrafeeris Nõukogude Liidu suursaadik Suurbritannias I. M. Maisky Londonist Moskvasse, et juba enne vaheaega Vichyga külastas teda eraviisiliselt de Gaulle'i esindaja Cassin, „kes kindrali nimel edastas kaastunnet ja parimad soovid NSV Liidule ja samal ajal "tõstatas küsimuse Nõukogude valitsuse ja de Gaulle'i vägede vahelise suhte loomisest". Augustis tõstatasid Cassin ja Dejean uuesti sama küsimuse I. M. Maiskyga. Ja 26. septembril 1941 edastas NSVL suursaadik Suurbritannias de Gaulle'ile ametliku kirjaliku vastuse: "Oma valitsuse nimel on mul au teile teatada, et ta tunnustab teid kõigi vabade prantslaste juhina, olenemata nende asukohast. on, kes on teie ümber koondunud, toetades liitlaste eesmärki."

Mõlemad pooled otsustasid ametlikke esindajaid vahetada. 1941. aasta novembri alguses saadeti A.E.Bogomolov Suurbritanniasse NSV Liidu täievolilise erakorralise suursaadiku auastmes liitlasriikide valitsuste juurde Londonis. Nõukogude valitsus usaldas talle Vaba Prantsusmaaga kontakti hoidmise ülesanded. Roger Garro, Raymond Schmittlen ja de Gaulle'i määratud sõjaväeline esindaja kindral Ernest Petit lahkusid Moskvasse.

USA säilitas Vichyga diplomaatilised suhted enne Teise maailmasõja algust. Ameeriklased olid aga huvitatud Prantsuse saarte kolooniate kasutamisest Atlandi ookeanis ja Vaikses ookeanis, mida kontrollisid vabad prantslased, oma sõjaliste mere- ja õhuväebaasidena.

Pärast seda, kui USA astus 1941. aasta detsembris sõtta liitlaste poolel, pöördus de Gaulle USA poole ettepanekuga sõlmida diplomaatilised suhted. Ametlik Washington ei andnud Vaba Prantsusmaa juhile pikka aega positiivset vastust. Alles 1942. aasta märtsis tunnustasid USA De Gaulle'i rahvuskomitee autoriteeti Vaikse ookeani saartel. 1942. aasta juulis avaldas USA valitsus kommünikee, milles tunnustas de Gaulle'i juhitud organisatsiooni.

Free India Subhas Chandra Bose on üks INC juhte. Ta on oma vaadetelt kommunistidele lähedased. Ta põgeneb okupeeritud Birmasse jaapanlaste juurde. Seal kuulutas ta 21. oktoobril 1943 nende rahaga "Vaba India" - "Azad Hind" kontrollis Andamani ja