Ang kilusan ay pinamunuan ni Heneral Charles de Gaulle mula sa punong-tanggapan sa London (French National Committee, hanggang 1943). Itinakda nito mismo ang layunin ng pagpapanumbalik ng kalayaan ng France mula sa mga mananakop ng Nazi at mga katuwang ng Vichy na nakipagtulungan sa kanila. Kaakibat ang anti-Hitler coalition.

Ang kilusan ay may mga armas at lumahok sa ilang mga operasyon sa Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Ang tagumpay ng kilusan ay lubos na pinadali ng suporta ng kilusang paglaban sa loob ng France.

Humigit-kumulang 300,000 Fighting France fighters ang nakibahagi sa Allied landings sa Normandy noong 1944. Sa parehong taon, noong Agosto 24, si de Gaulle ay bumalik sa Paris sa tagumpay at nagsimulang ibalik ang estado ng Pransya.

Normandy-Niemen

Pagpapalit ng pangalan

Noong Hunyo 2, 1944, pinalitan ng komite ang sarili nitong pansamantalang pamahalaan ng French Republic, na pinamumunuan ni Heneral Charles de Gaulle.

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

Tingnan kung ano ang "Libreng France" sa iba pang mga diksyunaryo: - (“Libreng Pransya”) ang opisyal na pangalan (hanggang Hulyo 1942) ng kilusang umusbong noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig 1939 45 sa panawagan ni Heneral Charles de Gaulle (Tingnan ang Gaulle), na ang layunin ay ipaglaban ang pagpapalaya ng France mula sa mga Nazi Germans....

- (La France libre) opisyal. ang pangalan (hanggang Hulyo 1942) na lumitaw noong 2nd World War sa tawag ng heneral. Ang kilusan ni Charles de Gaulle, na naglalayong ipaglaban ang pagpapalaya ng France mula dito. fash. mga mananakop at kanilang mga alipores. Noong Hulyo 1942, kaugnay ng... ...

- (French Republic), isang estado sa Kanlurang Europa, sa kanluran at hilaga ay hinuhugasan ito ng Karagatang Atlantiko (Bay of Biscay at English Channel), sa timog ng Dagat Mediteraneo (Gol ng Lyon at Dagat Ligurian) . Lugar 551 thousand km2. Populasyon... ... Makabagong encyclopedia

- (France) estado sa Kanluran. Europa. Lugar 551,601 km2. Kami. 52,300 libong tao (mula noong Enero 1, 1974). Mahigit sa 90% ng populasyon ay Pranses. Ang kabisera ay Paris. Karamihan sa mga mananampalataya ay mga Katoliko. Ayon sa konstitusyon ng 1958, bilang karagdagan sa metropolis, ang Federation ay kinabibilangan ng: ... ... Makasaysayang ensiklopedya ng Sobyet

- (France), French Republic (République Française), isang estado sa Kanlurang Europa, sa kanluran at hilaga ay hinuhugasan ito ng tubig ng Karagatang Atlantiko at English Channel, sa timog ng Dagat Mediteraneo. 551 libong km2. Populasyon 58.4 milyong tao (1996),... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

France- Chateau d'If. Marseille, France. FRANCE (French Republic), isang estado sa Kanlurang Europa, sa kanluran at hilaga ay hinuhugasan ito ng Karagatang Atlantiko (Bay of Biscay at English Channel), sa timog ng Dagat Mediteraneo (Gulf of Lyon at Ligurian... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

France- >) /> June Uprising 1848. Lithograph () June Uprising 1848. Lithography () France () isang estado sa Kanlurang Europa. Lugar na 551 thousand sq. km. Populasyon 57.7 milyong tao. Kabisera ng Paris. Noong sinaunang panahon, ang teritoryo ng France ay pinaninirahan ng mga Gaul (),... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary "Kasaysayan ng Daigdig"

FRANCE- (France) Pangkalahatang impormasyon Ang opisyal na pangalan ay ang French Republic (French: La République Française, English: French Republic). Matatagpuan sa kanlurang bahagi ng Europa. Lugar 547 libong km2, populasyon 59.7 milyong tao. (2002). Estado... ... Encyclopedia ng mga bansa sa mundo

Ang artikulong ito ay dapat na wikiified. Paki-format ito ayon sa mga panuntunan sa pag-format ng artikulo. Ang "Free Thought" ay isang dokumentaryo na programa na ginanap bilang bahagi ng Moscow International Film Festival (MIFF ... Wikipedia

Iminungkahi na pagsamahin ang pahinang ito sa ... Wikipedia

Mga libro

• Iligtas ang Paris at Mamatay, Sergei Zverev. Noong Agosto 18, 1944, pinangunahan ng Free France ang isang pag-aalsa laban sa pananakop ni Hitler, at pagkaraan ng ilang araw ay napalaya ang Paris, sumuko ang mga tropang Nazi. Charles de...

uTBTSBAEBSSUS zTBOGYS

h FEYUEOOYE ZPDB, U MEFB 1941 RP MEFP 1942, PDOPCHTENEOOOP U TBCHETFSHCHBOYEN UCHPEK DYRMPNBFYUEULPK DESFEMSHOPUFY UBNB uTBTSBAEBSUS zhTBOGYS OE RETEUFBCHBSHMB TBUY. eUMY S ЪDEUSH YЪMBZBA ьФЯ ДЧБ OBRTBCHMEOYS OBIYEK TBVPFSH TBDEMSHOP, FP TUNGKOL SA DEME PVB POY YMY PDOPCHTENOOOP Y UPCHNEUFOP. OP U FAIRY RPT, LBL OBUY RPME DESFEMSHOPUFY UFBMP TBUYTSFSHUS, RETEDP NOK CHP'OILMB OEPVIPDYNPUFSH RPUFBCHYFSH PE ZMBCHE DCHYTSEOYS PTZBO, UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYK OPCHBDSHCHBN. pDYO DE zPMMSH HCE OE NPZ KHRTBCHYFSHUS. KHNOPTSBMYUSH Y HUMPTSOSMYUSH UFPSCHYYE RETED OBNY RTPVMENSH, TBTEYOEYE LPFPTSHHI FTEVPPCHBMP UPRPUFBCHMEOYS TBMYUOSCHI NOOOYK OBAEYI Y PRSHFOSCHI MADEK. rPFTEVPCHBMBUSH OELPFPTBS DEGEOFTBMYBGYS RTY PUHEEUFCHMEOYY TEYEOYK. OBLPOEG, RPULPMSHLH CH PTZBOBI ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOPZP HRTBCHMEOYS CHUEI ZPUKHDBTUFCH PVSHYUOP RTYNEOSAFUS LPMMEZYBMSHOSHE NEFPDSH, OBN MEZUE VSHMP VSH DPVYFSHUS RTYOBOYS, EUMY VSH NFSSHPDSH DELTEFPN PF 24 UEOFSVTS 1941 S HYUTEDYM oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF.

rP RTBCHDE ZPCHPTS, S U UBNPZP OBYUBMB OE RETEUFBCHBM DKHNBFSH PV HYUTETSDEOOY RPDPVOPZP PTZBOB. pDOBLP MAY CHSCHOKHTSDEO VSHM PFMPTSYFSH PUKHEEUFCHMEOYE LFPZP RMBOB PFYUBUFY YJ-JB FPZP, YuFP UB RPUMEDOYK ZPD NOE RTYYMPUSH RTPCHEUFY CHPUENSH NEUSGECH NEUSGECH BZHPUTYLE CHBP, TUNGKOL SA CH BZHPUTYLE Y FBL COMMUNITY "RTEDUFBCHYFEMSHOSHCHI" MYG. rP CHP'CHTBEEOYY CH mPODPO RPUME UPVSCHFYK CH UYTYY S UNPZ KhCE RTYUFKHRYFSH L DMYFEMSHOPK PTZBOYBGYPOOPK TBVPFE.

l FPNH CE EUMY VPMSHYOUFCHP YЪ RTYUPEDYOICYIUS LP NOE DESFEMEK CHOBYUBME VSHMY NBMP LPNH YJCHEUFOSCH, ЪB YUFELYEE CHTENS OELPFPTSHCHE YY OYI RTYPVTEMY RPRHMSTOPUFSH. fBLYN PVTBBPN, X NEOS RPSCHYMBUSH CHPTNPTSOPUFSH UPJDBFSH LPNYFEF YBCHFPTYFEFOSCHI MYG. kasama ang UYUYFBM, YuFP RP PFOPEYOYA L DCHYTSEOYA uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF DPMTSEO PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH THLPCHPDSEHA TPMSH Y PVAEDYOSFSHUS CHPLTHZ NEOS. TUNGKOL SA EZP ЪBUEDBOYSI "LPNYUUBTSCH" UNPZHF UPCHNEUFOP PVUKHTsDBFSH CHUE OBUY DEMB. LBTSDPNKH YЪ OYI VHDEF RPTHYUEO PDYO YЪ "DERBTFBNEOFPCH", CHEDBAEIK PRTEDEMOOOPK PVMBUFSHA OBYEK DESFEMSHOPUFY. rTYOSFSHCHE TEYEOYS PVSBFEMSHOSH DMS CHUEI. h GEMPN lPNYFEF DPMTSEO CHSHRPMOSFSH ZHKHOLGYY RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB. x OEZP VKHDHF FBLYE CE RTBCHB Y FBLBS CE UFTKHLFKHTB, LBL X RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB. OP ON OE DPMTSEO OBSHCHBFSHUS RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHPN, YVP LFP OBYNEOPCHBOYE S UPITBOSM DP FPZP CHTENEY, ULPMSH VSH PFDBMEOOOSCHN POP OH VSHMP, LPZDB UFBOEF CHPNPTSOSCHN RTFCHEOF CHPNPTSOSCHN RTFCHEOHMSA CHUA ZHTBOGYA. yNEOOP CH TBUYUEFE TUNGKOL SA LFP S CH UCHPEN DELTEFE RTEDHUNBFTYCHBM PVTBIPCHBOYE CH DBMSHOEKYEN lPOUKHMSHFBFYCHOPK BUUBNVMEY, “LPFPTBS DPMTSOB NBLUINBMSHOP YYTPL RTEDUFBCHMSFOGY PVE EULPYESHFFOGY PVE EULPYEFCHO .” pDOBLP RTPYMP NOPZP CHTENEOY, RTETSDE YuEN LFK BUUBNVMEE UHTSDEOP VSHMP KHCHYDEFSH UCHEF.

lBL Y UMEDPCHBMP PCYDBFSH, NPE TEYEOYE CHSHCHOBMP CHPMOOYE UTEDY OEVPMSHYI ZTHRRYTPCHPL ZHTBOGKHPCH, LPFPTSCHE, RTEFEODHS TUNGKOL SA RPMYFYUEULHA TPMSH, RTPSCHMSMY OELPFPTHA UTEDY. fY MADI ZPFPCHSH VSHMY UNYTYFSHUS U FEN, YUFPVSH DE ZPMMSH DEKUFCHPCHBM LBL UPMDBF Y PVEUREYUYCHBM UPAYOILBN RPNPESH ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UYM. OP POY OE NPZMY DPRKHUFYFSH, YUFPVSH ZMBCHB UCHPVPDOSCHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH CHJSM TUNGKOL SA UEVS PFCHEFUFCHEOOPUFSH ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOPZP RPTSDLB; PFLBBCHYUSH RTYUPEDYOYFSHUS LP NOE, AWIT PURBTYCHBMY NPI RPMOPNPYUS, B CH PFOPEOOY VKHDHEEZP zhTBOGY RTEDRPYUIFBMY RPMPTSYFSHUS TUNGKOL SA YOPUFTBOGECH tKHCHEMSHFB yuetyuym, MS YBMYO uFBMYO.

rTYOBAUSH, YuFP NETSDH CHZMSDBNY LFYI MADEK Y NPINY UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP OERTYNYTYNPE RTPFPYCHPTEYUYE. u NPEC FPYULY ЪTEOYS CH PUOPCH RPMYFYUEULYI DEKUFCHYK CH LFPC OBGYPOBMSHOPK FTBZEDY DPMTSOB METSBFSH RTPUFBS Y KHVEDYFEMSHOBS YDES. POY TSE, PFDBCHBSUSH PE CHMBUFSH UCHPYN PVSHYUOSCHN RKHUFSHCHN NEYUFBOYSN, RPMBZBMY, YuFP OBYB DESFEMSHOPUFSH DPMTSOB VSCHFSH OE YUEN YOSCHN, LBL LPTDEVBMEFPN Y ZTSCHCHBAF RTPZHEUUYPOBMSHOSHE BLFETSCH, Y YUFP CHUE DEMP UIPDIFUS MYYSH L UFBFSHSN, TEYUBN, CHSHCHUFKHRMEOYSN PTBFPTPCH Y TBURTEDEMEOYA NEUF . y IPFS LFPF TETSYN VSHM UNEFEO UPVSHFYSNY y RTYCHEM zhTBOGYA L LBFBUFTPZHE, PF LPFPTPK, LBL LFP NPZMP LBBFSHUS, POB OILPZDB HCE OE PRTBCHYFUS, y IPFS LFFS PFCHMYSHFFY PFCHMYSHPFY PVSHYUOSCHI UTEDUFCH DESFEMSHOPUFY RBTMBNEOFB, UYAEDDPCH, LBVYOEFPCH NYOYUFTPC, TEDBLGYK, SING RTDDPMTSBMY UCHPA YZTH CH OSHA-KPTLE Y mPODPOE, UFTENSUSH CHCHMEYUSH CH OEE, UB OEYNEOYEN ZHTBOGKHPCH, BOZMPUBLUPOULYE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB, DERKHFBFPCH Y TSKHTOBMYUFPCH. y RTYYUYOPK OELPFPTSCHI OERTYSFOPUFEK, LPFPTSCHE YYOYOMY "UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" NITO UPVUFCHEOOSCH UPAYOILY, B FBLCE LBNRBOYK, LPFPTSHCHE CHEM RTPFYCH OEE YI RTEUSHUB Y CHTBHMYPUSHIP, NZTBOFPCH. fY RPUMEDOYE NPZMY UNYTYFSHUS U FBLYN RPMYFYUEULYN KHUREYPN, LBLYN SCHMSMPUSH DMS uTBTSBAEEKUS ZHTBOGYY UPJDBOYE oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB, Y CHUSYUEULY RSHCHFBMFCYUSHSHBF.

pTHDYEN CH YI THLBI SCHYMUS BDNYTBM NAYEMSHE. h BDNYTBME HTSYCHBMYUSH LBL VSC DCHB TBOSHI YUEMPCHELB. lBL NPTULPK CHPEOBYUBMSHOIL SA PVMBDBM DPUFPYOUFCHBNY, LPFPTSCHE ЪBUMHTSYCHBMY ZMHVPLPZP KHBTSEOYS Y LPFPTSCHN NSCH CH OBYUYFEMSHOPK UFEREOY VSHMY PVSBOYBG YEK OBIY CHPEULTPUPY UFEREOY VSHMY PVSBOYBG YEK OBIY CHPEULTI. OP RETYPDYUEULY X OEZP CHDTHZ CHP'OILBMP LBLPE-FP VEURPLLPKUFCHP, Y FPZDB NI RHULBMUS CH YOFTYZY. lBL FPMSHLP PO KHOOBM P NPEN OBNETEOY PVTBPCHBFSH lPNYFEF, PO OBRYUBM NOE RYUSHNP. chShCHUFBCHMSS UEVS RPVPTOILPN DTHTSVSHCH U UPA'OILBNY Y DENPLTBFBNY, NI KHFCHETTSDBM, YuFP NPS RPMYFYLB KHZTPTSBEF LFPC DTHTSVE. ika YUFPVSHCH VKHDHEEN URBUFY PF PRBUOPUFY PVE UFY FCHETDSCHOY, NI RTEDMBZBM, YUFPVSHCH NA MAY PUFBCHYM ЪB UPVPA MYYSH RPYUEFOSCHK RPUF, B CHUA DEKUFCHYFEMSHOKHA REBMBUFKH. YuFP LBUBEFUS UTEDUFCH, LPFPTSCHE ON RHUFYM CH IPD, YuFPVSH ЪBUFBCHYFSH NEOS UPZMBUIFSHUS, FP LFP VSHMP OE YuFP YOPE, LBL KHZTPЪB PFDEMEOYS CHPEOOP-NPTULZPBLLY CHPEOOP-NPTULZPBLME, FP LFP VSHMP OE YuFP YOPE KH, "UFBOEF UBNPUFPSFEMSHOSCHN Y VHDEF RTDDPMTsBFSH CHPKOKH".

nPE TEEYOYE VSHMP PRTEDEMEOOSCHN, B DYULHUYS LPTPFLPK. bDNYTBM UNYTYMUS, PVASUOSS CHUE OEDPTBHNEOYEN. rPVKHTsDBENSHK DPVTSHNY YUKHCHUFCHBNY Y HUYFSHCHBS PVUFBOPCHLH, S UDEMBM CHYD, YFP EZP PVASUOOYS NEOS KHVEDIMY, CHSHCHUMKHYBM EZP PVEEBBOYS Y OBYUYM EZOPBYPBNSH OBPNYUBNPSH oBPNYUBPNNSH OBYUYM EZOPBLPNSH P Y FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB.

zHOLGYY CH oBGYPOBMSHOPN LPNYFEFE VSHMY TBURTEDEMEOSH UMEDHAEIN PVTBBPN: LLPOPNYLB, ZJOBOUSHCH, CHPRPUSH LPMPOYK -rMECHEO, AUFYGYS Y OBTPDOPE RTPUCHEEOOYE lBUCHEEO, DEMBCHBOOSCHEO, DEMBCHBOOSCHET KPN, CHPEOOP-ChPЪDKHYOSCHE UYMSCH chBMEO, UCHSSH U NEFTPRPMYEK, CHPRTPUSCH FTHDB, YOZHPTNBGYS dSHEFEMSHN, OEBDPMZP DP FPZP RTYVSHCHYYK YJTBOGYY. lBFTH Y D "bTCBOMSHE, OBIPDICHYYEUS CH FP CHTENS CH LPNBODYTPCHLE, VSHMY OBYEOSH LPNYUUBTBNY VEЪ RPTFZHEMS. na may RPTHYUYM rMECHEOKH PVEUREYUYFSH LPPTDYOBGYA DESFEMSHOPUFY HIVFPTSDBYE OBUYI PTZBOPC, CHPRPTUSCH YI TBUUFBOPCHLY Y NBFETYBMSHOPZP PVEUREYUEOYS, TBNEEEOOYE Obyyi PTZBOYBGYK Y F.R. » CHOBYUBME WITH YNYE OBNETEOYE TBUYYTYFSH UPUFBCH lPNYFEFB RHFEN RTYCHMEYUEOYS OELPFPTSCHI ZHTBOGHYULYI DESFEMEK, RTPTSYCHBCHYI CH BNETYLE na may DBCE OEPDOPLTBFOP RTEDRTYOINBMCHE CHEFSHCH, OP SING VSHCHMY PFTYGBFEMSHOSCHNY RP UHEEUFCHH.

tBVPFB oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB HCE OMBBDYMBUSH, LPZDB naemshe URTPCHPGYTPCHBM OPCHSHCHK LTYYU. CHETOKHCHYYUSH mPODPO RPUME KHURYOPK LUREDYGYY OB UEO-rshet, U LPFPTPK NSCH EZP CHUE EDYOPDHYOP RPJDTTBCHMSMY, NI UBSCHIM 3 NBTFB TUNGKOL SA BUEDBOYY lPNYFEFB, YFP DEMB CH "UCHTBFFOGY" H VSH, Y PVIASCHYM P UCHPEN HIPDE U RPUFB OBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYUUBTB, P YUEN PO NOE PZHYGYBMSHOP UPPVEIM CH RYUSHNE. kasama ang RTYOSM PFUFBCHLH, PFUYUMYM EZP CH TEETCH LPNBODPCHBOYS Y TUNGKOL SA EZP NEUFP pVHBOP, CHShCHOBOOZP U fYIPZP PLEBOB. CHIDS LFP, NAYEMSHE ЪBSCHYM, YuFP PO IPFS Y CHSHCHIPDYF YJ UPUFBCHB OBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB, OP UPITBOSEF ЪB UPVPA CHETIPCHOPE LPNBODPCHBOIE CHPEOOP-NPTULYY UYMBNY. UMPCHOP OBU ZHMPF VSHM EZP CHPFYUYOPK Y NI NPZ YN TBURPTTSSBFSHUS RP UCHPENH KHUNPFTEOYA! ьFPZP, LPOYUOP, NSCH DPRKHUFYFSH OE NPZMY, Y RP UHEEUFCHH CHPRTPU HCE VSHM TEYEO, LBL CHDTHZ CH DAMP CHNEYBMPUSH BOZMYKULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP.

lFP CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHP RPDZPFPCHMSMPUSH DBCHOP. EZP CHDPIOPCHYFEMSNY VSHMY OELPFPTSCHE VEURLPKOSCHE BMENEOFSH ZHTBOGKHYULPK BNYZTBGYY, B FBLCE PFDEMSHOSHE RTEDUFBCHYFEMY RBMBFSHCH PVEYO Y BOZMYKULPZP ZHMPFB. ъБЗПЧПТЭНИЛ ЪБТХУИМУШ UPDEKUFCHYEN bMELUBODETB, NPTULLPZP NYOYUFTB. lBL NYUFTH POY RTEDUFBCHYMY YENH DEMP FBLYN PVTBBPN, YuFP CH UMHYUBE HIPDB NAYEMSHE UCHPVPDOSCHK ZHTBOGKHULYK ZHMPF VHDEF RPMOPUFSHA DEPTZBOYPCHBO Y BOZMIKULYK MECHULYKFHMPS OENMY. lBL MEKVPTYUFKH, POY UFBTBMYUSH CHOKHYYFSH ENKH, YuFP DE zPMMSH Y EZP lPNYFEF FSZPFEAF L ZHBIYINKH Y YuFP OHTsOP PUCHPVPDYFSH PF YI CHMYSOYS ZHTBOGHULYE CHPEOOP-NPTUL YE FKING. BOZMYKULYK LBVYOEF, UFTENSUSH RPDDETSBFSH CHOKHFTEOOEE TBCHOPCHUEYE UYM, B FBLCE, RP-CHYDINPNH, UFBTBSUSH UDEMBFS DE ZPMMS VPMEE UZPCHPTYUYCHSHCHN RHFEN PUMBVMEOYS FPBOYS EZPCHPTYUYCHSHCHN RHFEN PUMBVMEOYS FPBO DETB. BY SILA RPFTEVPCHBFSH, YUFPVSH WITH PUFBCHYM NAYEMSHE ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIN CHPEOOP-NPTULINY UYMBNY “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY”.

Ika-5 Ika-6 NBTFB YIDEO Y bMELUBODET OPFPK UPPVEYMYNOE PV LFPN FTEVPCHBOYY. sa LFPZP NNEOFB DMS NEOS DEMP VSHMP HCE PLPOYUBFEMSHOP TEYEOP. oEPVIPDYNP VSHMP PE YuFP VSCH FP OH UFBMP CHSHRPMOYFSH TEYEOYE oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB, Y OBDP VSHMP UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH BOZMYS PFLBBMBUSH PF CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHB PE ZHTBOGKHULYE

8 NBTFB S OBRYUBM YDEOH, YUFP LBL S UBN, FBL Y OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF RTYOSMY TEYOYE PV PFUFTBOEOY NEMESHE PF DPMTSOPUFY ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEZP ZHTBOGKHULYN CHPN Y YUPFHULMPOSENCHPN Y BOPFHULMPOSENCHPN Y BOPFHULMPOSENCHPN Y BOPFHULMPOSENCHPN P RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB RP LFPNH RPCHPDH. kasama ang RYUBM: “UCHPVPDOSHCH ZHTBOGKHYSCH UYFBAF, YuFP YI VPTSHVB ЪB PVEEE DEMP CH UPAYE U BOZMYUBOBNY RTEDRPMBZBEF, YuFP LOYN DPMTSOSCH PFOPUIFSHUS LBL L UPAJOILBN, Y YuFPZMY RBBTCHESH F CHNY RTPCHETLBNYY PZTBOYUEOOYSNY YMY RTEDPUFBCHMSFSHUS TUNGKOL SA KHUMPCHISI, OEUPCHNEUFYNSCHY YI UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYEN ..

eUMY VSC LFP FEN OE NEOEE UMKHYUMPUSH, ZEOETBM DE ZPMMSH Y ZHTBOGKHULYK OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF RETEUFBMY VSH VPTPFSHUS OE EBDS UYM ЪB CHSHRPMOEE ЪBDBUY, PMSCHMBSCH POBBUY. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, AWIT UYYFBAF UBNSHCHN UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHN LBL DMS VKHDHEEZP zhTBOGYY, FBL Y DMS IEE OBUFPSEEZP PUFBCHBFSHUS CHETOSCHNY RPUFBCHMEOOOPK YNY RETED UPVPK GEMY. bFB GEMSH UPUFPYF CH PPTTSDEOOY ZHTBOGYY CH CHPUUFBOPCHMEOY OBGYPOBMSHOPZP EDYOUFCHB CH PKOE TUNGKOL SA UFPTPOE UPAYOILPC, OP VEЪ RTYOEUEOOYS CH TSETFCHH ZHTBOGKHULPK OEBCHYFYUFCHE OEBCHYOFY FHFPCH.”

pFCHEF S RPMKHYUM OE UTBKH. oEUPNOOOOP, RTETSDE YUEN RTEDRTYOINBFSH DBMSHOEKYE DEKUFCHYS, BOZMYYUBOE IPFEMY CHSTsDBFSH Y RPUNPFTEFSH, LBL TBCHETOHFUS UPVSHCHFYS TUNGKOL SA OBYEN ZHMPFE. oOP OH AB PDOPN UKHDOE, OH CH PDOPN LYRBCE, OH CH PDOPN ZHMPFULPN HYUTETSDEOOY OE VSHMP OILBLYI RTPSCHMEOYK OUEUPZMBUYS U OBYN TEYEOYEN. oBPVPTPPF, YЪ bFPZP YURSHCHFBOYS CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH ZHTBOGYY CHCHYMY EEE VPMEE URMPYUEOOOSCHNY CHPLTHZ DE ZPMMS. kantahin ang EEE VPMSHYE RTPOILMYUSH TEYINPUFSHHA RTDPDPMTSBFSH VPTSHVH. mYYSH OEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH, UZTHRRYTPCHBCHYIUS CHPLTHZ BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, PTZBOYPCHBMY RPUFSHCHDOPE CHCHUFKHRMEOYE CH BDBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP YFBVB, LHDB SCH YMUS, LHDB SCH YMUS. rPUME bfpzp s rtylbbbm bdnytbmkh obipdjfshus h FEYUEOYE NEUSGB h FBLPN NEUFE, PFLKhDB po OE UNPZ VSCH RPDDETSYCHBFSH UCHSSH U ZHMPFPN. h UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEOYEN P ATYUDYYLGYY PF 15 SOCHBTS S PVTBFYMUS L BOZMYKULPNH RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH U RTPUSHVPK PVEUREYUYFSH CHSHRPMOEOYE NPEZP TEYEOYS, RPULPMSHLH OB POP YFPBOSSFP ъBFEN CHCHYDH FPZP, YuFP UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE ЪBCHETEOYS CHUE EEE OE RPUFKHRBMY, S PFRTBCHYMUS TUNGKOL SA DBYUKH, VKHDHYU ZPFPCHSHCHN LP CHUENKH Y PCYDBS UBNPZP IKHYEZP. RMECHEOKH, DSHEFEMSHNH Y LHME S PUFBCHYM UCHPEZP TPDB UELTEFOPE RPMYFYUEULPE UBCHEEBOIE, RPKHYYCH YN UPPVEYFSH ZHTBOGKHULPNKH OBTPDKH CHUE OEPVIPDYNPE, EUMY S VKHDHFSHY DEOFSH YUN H UBN DBFSH OHTSOSHI PVIASOOOYK. pDOPCHTENEOOOP WITH DPCH DP UCHEDEOYS UPAYOILCH, YuFP, L CHEMYUBKYENKH UCHPENKH UPTSBMEOYA, S OE UNPZH RPDDETTSYCHBFSH PFOPYEOYK U OYNY, RPLB POY UBNY OE CHSHRPMBYEF PVSB, CHSHRPMSHUFC DH OBNY.

lFP VShchMP 23 NBTFB. lP NOE SCHYMUS U CHYYFPN RYL. SA CHTHYUMNOE OPFKH, ЪBSCHYCH, YuFP EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP OE OBUFBYCHBEF TUNGKOL SA PUFBCHMEOYY NEMESHE CH DPMTSOPUFY ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEZP Y YuFP POP VHDEF UMEDYFVEGBOYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYNY UFBCHYFEMSNY ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI UYM. rTY LFPN BOZMYKULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP TELPNEODPCHBMP NOE RTPSCHYFSH RP PFOPYEOYA L OENKH VMBZPTSEMBFEMSHOPUFSH, KHYUFSHCHBS EZP BUMHZY. FEN CHTENEOEN RTYVSCCHYIK U fYIPZP PLEBOB pVHBOP RTYOSM LPNBODPCHBOYE CHPEOOP-NPTULINE ZHMPFPN. h NBE S RTYZMBUYM L UEVE BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, TSEMBS RTEDPUFBCHYFSH ENKH CHPTNPTSOPUFSH RTDPDPMTSBFSH UMKHTSVKH YUFPVSH PVUKhDYFSH U OIN HUMPCHYS YOURELGYPOOPK RPELDLY, PTHA S TFSHBMSHU po OE SCHYMUS. oEULPMSHLYNY DOSNY RPTSE LFPF CHCHUYYK PZHYGET, NOPZP UDEMBCHYYK DMS OBEZP ZHMPFB, PZHYGYBMSHOP HCHEDPNYM NEOS P FPN, YuFP EZP UPFTKHDOYUEUFChP Unitary Enterprise "uchPVPDOPK ZOPHTBOGYEK" noe VSHMP PUEOSH ZTHUFOP ЪB OEZP.

rPUME LFPPZP DPUBDOPZP YOGYDEOFB OYUFP HCE OE NEYBMP OPTNBMSHOPK DESFEMSHOPUFY "mPODPOULPZP LPNYFEFB", LPFPTSCHK CHTBTSDEVOBS RTPRBZBODB (YUIPDYCHYBS OE FPMSHLPOOSCYFPYFPYFYFPYFYFPYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYFYPYFYPYFYFYFB RTEDUFBCHYFSH FP LBL ZTHRRLH BMYUSHI RPMYFYLBOPC, FP LBL LHYULH ZHBIYUFULYI BCHBOFATYUFPCH, FP LBL UVTD YUUFHRMEOOOSCHI RTPRBZBODI UFHR H LPNNHOYUFYUUEULPN DHIE, OP DMS LPFPTPZP, S LFP FPTCEUFCHOOOP Y TEYYFEMSHOP ЪBSCHMSA, UBNSHCHN CHBTSOSHCHN VSHMP VMBZP UFTBOSH Y ZPUKHDBTUFCHB. OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF UPVYTBMUS OE TCE PDOPZP TBBB CH OEDEMA, CH FPTSEUFCHEOOPK PVUFBOPCHLE, CH VPMSHYPK LPNOBFE LBTMFPO-ZBTDEOUB, LPFPTHA OBSCHCHBMY "ЪBMPN YUBUB" NY." UPZMBUOP RPTSDLH DOS, NSCH BUMHYYCHBMY UPPVEEOYS LBTSDPZP LPNYUUBTB P DEMBY CH EZP DERBTFBNEOFE YMY RP LBLPNH-OYVKhDSH YOPNH CHPRPTPUKH, LPFPTSHCHK FPF UYEM OHTSOSCHN. lPNYFEF OBBLPNNYMUS U DPLHNEOFBNY Y UPPVEEOYSNY, RPDTPVOP PVUKHTSDBM CHPRPTUSCH Y RTOYINBM TEYEOYS, LPFPTSHCHE PZHTNMSMYUSH RTPFPLPMPN. fY TEYEOYS DPCHPDYMYUSH ЪBFEN DP UCHEDEOYS OBUYI HYUTETSDEOOK Y CHYOULYI YUBUFEK. oh PDOP CHBTSOPE TEYEOYE OE VSHMP OYLPZDB RTYOSFP VEЪ RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOPZP PVUKhTSDEOOYS CH lPNYFEFE.

oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH GEMPN, LBL LPMMEZYBMSHOSCHK PTZBO, Y LBTSDSCHK YEZP YUMEOPCH CH PFDEMSHOPUFY CHUEZDB PLBSHCHBMY NOE GEOOKHA RPNPESH Y MPSMSHOPE UPDEKUFCHYE. lPOYUOP, UP CHUENY CHBTSOSHNY DEMBNY NOE RTYIPDYMPUSH OBLPNYFSHUS MYYUOP. OP CHUE TSE VTENS, METSBCHYEE TUNGKOL SA NOE, UFBMP NEOSHYE CHCHYDH FPZP, YUFP FERETSH NEOS PLTHTSBMY Y PLBSHCHBMY NOE RPNPESH LPNREFEOFOSH UPFTKHDOYLY. lPOYUOP, LFYN NYOYUFTBN, Ъ LPFPTSCHI OH PDYO RTETSDE OE ЪBOYNBM CHYDOPZP PVEEUFCHEOOPZP RPUFB, OEDPUFBCHBMP RPDYUBU OEPVIPDYNPZP BCHFPTYFEFB Y Y'CHEUFOPUFY. OP SING UKHNEMY RTYPVTEUFY FP Y DTHZPE. x LBTsDPZP YЪ OYI, LTPNE FPZP, VSHMY GEOOSHCH LBUEUFCHB Y MYUOSCHK PRSHCHF. h GEMPN TBVPFBS CH lPNYFEFE, AWIT URPUPVUFCHPCHBMY KHUIMEOYA CHMYSOYS uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY. noe YUBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUBFTEYUBFSH UP UFPTPOSCH NPYI UPFTKHDOYLPCH, LPOYUOP, OE PRRPYGYA, OP CHPTBTTSEOYS YMY LTYFYLH RP RPCHPDH NPYI OBNETEOYK Y DEKUFCHYK. h FTHDOSHHE NYOHFSHCH, LPZDB S PVSHYUOP ULMPOSMUS L RTYOSFYA TEYYFEMSHOSHI NO, NOPZYE YUMEOSH lPNYFEFB CHSHCHULBSCCHBMYUSH ЪB LPNRTPNYUU. oP LFP VSHMP DBCE IPTPYP. h LPOYUOPN UUEFE, YЪMPTSYCH UCHPY DPCHPDSH, OH PDY YЪ OBGYPOBMSHOSHI LPNYUUBTPCH OYLPZDB OE PURBTYCHBM NPEZP PLPOYUBFEMSHOPZP TEYEOYS.

y IPFS YOPK TB NOEOYS NPZMY TBDEMYFSHUS, PFCHEFUFCHOOPUFSH GEMYLPN MECBMB TUNGKOL SA BLG. h VPTSHVE ЪB PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE NOE, VEDOSZE, RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUEZDB CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE PFCHEYUBFSH ЪB CHUE. PP ZhTBOGYY LP NOE CHUE YUBEE PVTBEBMY UCHPY CHPTSH FE, LFP CHUE VPMSHYE UFTENYMUS L BLFYCHOPNH UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. h LFPN YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMUS CHUE VPMEE SUOSCHK PFCHEF TUNGKOL SA NPI RTYYSCCHCHSHCH. h LFPN RTPSCHMSMPUSH FBLTSE Y UIPDUFCHP OBUFTPEOYK, LPFPTPE NOE LBBBMPUSH UFPMSH TSE OEPVIPDYNSCHN, LBL Y CHPMOHAEIN. ChYDS, YuFP ULMPOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHPCH L TBYAEDYOOYA Y TBBPVEOOOPUFY, LPFPTHA YN OBCHSCHCHBM TETSIN KHZOEFEOYS, URPUPVOB CHSHCHBFSH TBTPЪOOOSHE CHURSHCHYL CHPЪNOSHE CHURSHCHYL CHPЪNHPK CHPEYMSHA, YOFETEUBI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, YNEOOOP EDYOUFCHP PRTEDEMSMP VPECHSHCHE KHUREY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, EZP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK IBTBLFET, EZP NETSDHOBTPDOPE OBYEOYE.

oBUYOBS U MEFB 1941 NSCH TBOSCHNY RKhFSNY RPUFEREOOP KHOBCHBMY PVP CHUEN, YuFP RTPYUIPDYMP CH NEFTPRPMYY. RPNENP FPZP YuFP NPTSOP RTPYUFSH NEFTPH UFTL CBIFBI YU TBDIPREDBU PVEI, RPUFPSOOP RPMHUBMYA Cheeshnb RPMOHA YOLPTNBGYA Hydeshi Chidei TBICHECH TBICHEDLY, DA PEEUEII OLEPFPTSHEYA Bzefphbchcu, hindi php LBBYK DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, RTIVSHSHYYYAEEE ECEDOOOCOP YH ZHTBOGYY, UPPVEEIK , LPFPTSHCHE RPUFKHRBMY RP DYRMPNBFYUEULYN LBOBMBN, ЪBSCHMEOYK BNZTBOFPCH, RPTPETSBCHYI YUETE NBDTYD, mYUUBVPO, fBOTSET YMY OSHA-KPTL, Y, OBLPOEG, CH CHYDE RY UEN, LPFPTSCHE U RPNPESH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI KHMPCHMYLPHYTHY PVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". h TEЪХМШФБФЭ Х NEOS ULMBDSHCHBMPUSH DEOSH ЪB DOEN FPYUOPE RTEDUFBCHMEOYE PV PVUFBOPCHLE. ULPMSHLP TB, VEUEDHS U UPPFEYUEUFCHEOILBNY, FPMSHLP YuFP RPLYOKHCHYYNYY TPDYOH, ZDE POY, PDOBLP, VSHMY ЪBOSFSHCH FPK YMY YOPK NETE RPCHUEDOECHOPK TBVPFCHVEPK Y ЪMYOBLPSHPDCH, ZDE POY DBMUS CH FPN, YuFP VMBZPDBTS NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHN YUFPYUOILBN YOZHPTNBGYY, LPFPTBS DPUFBCHMSMBUSH OBN GEMK BTNYEK RTEDBOOSCHI MADEK, NOE MHYUYE, YUEN LPNH-MYVP DTHZPNH, YJCHEUFOP RPMPTSEOYE DEM PE ZhTBOGYY.

b LFP CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH RPJCHPMSMP NOE UDEMBFSH CHSHCHPD P TBMPTSEOYY CHYYUFULZP TETSINB. yMMAYYH PFOPEYOYY LFPPZP TETSINB TBUUESMYUSH. rTETSDE CHUEZP RPVEDB ZETNBOY, P LPFPTPK ЪBSCHMSMY LBL P UBNP UPVPK TBHNEAENUS DEME, YUFPVSH PRTBCHDBFSH LBRYFHMSGYA, UFBOPCHYMBUSH OECHPNPTSOPK, RPUME FPZP LBL CHPKOKHY CPHPUME SHCH, B BOZMYS Y “UCHPVPDOBS ZHTBOGYS” DPLBЪBMY UCPA URPUPVOPUFSH L UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. HFCHETTSDEOYE, YuFP TBDY URBUEOYS "NBFETYBMSHOSHI VMBZ" OEPVIPDYNP VSHMP UPZMBUIFSHUS TUNGKOL SA RPTBVPEEOOYE UFTBOSHCH, CHZMSDEMP UNIPFCHPTOP, YVP 1500 FSHUSYU OBYI MADEK CHEBMP'SHCHITBO CHEBM, CHSCHITBO OENGSH RTBLLFYUEULY BOOELUYTPCHBMY UMSHBUY mPFBTYOZYA Y PFTEЪBMY CH BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOPN PFOPYYUECHET UFTBOSH PF PUFBMSHOPK FETTYFPTYY; RTPYCHPDYYEUS PLLHRBOFBNY YYASFYS DEOOTSOSHI UTEDUFCH, USHTSHS, UEMSHULPIPSKUFCHEOOSCHY RTPPNSHCHYMEOOOSCHI FPCHBTPCH YUFPEBMY OBUH LLPOPNYLH, CHUE VPMSHYEE YUUMP YUUMP BOGHЪPCH CHPFSCHOSHBOSHKHBF TBZPCHPTSH PV PVPTPOE ZTBOGKHULPK YNRETYY PF "MAVPZP CHTBZB" OE NPZMY HCE OILPP PVNBOKHFSH, U FAIRY RPT LBL ZHTBOGKHULKHA BTNYA Y ZHMPF ЪBUFBCHYMY CHPECCHHBFSH "UPDATED CHPECCHHBFSH" E, UYYYY TUNGKOL SA nBDBZBULBTE; CH FP CHTENS LBL OENGSCH Y YFBMSHSOGSH Y LPNYUUYK RP RETENYYA UCHPVPDOP TBURPTTSSBMYUSH CH BMCYTE, FHOYUE, LBUBVMBOLE Y VEKTHFE, OENEGLYE UBNPMEFSH RTYENMSMYUSH BMERP Y dBNYOGHOBLY, BLLSRYTPYOGH, BLLSRYTPYOSH, BLLSRYTPYOSH PFOSHCHOE UTBTSBAEBSS ZHTBOGYS UFBMB CHPRMPEEOYEN CHUEI OBDETSD TUNGKOL SA CHPCHTBF ЪBNPTULYI FETTYFPTYK. POB RPUFEREOOP KHFCHETTSDBMBUSH CH HLCHBFPTYBMSHOPK bZHTYLE, TUNGKOL SA PUFTPCBI PLEBOYY, CH rPODYYETY, CH MECHBOFE, TUNGKOL SA PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET, TUNGKOL SA NBDBZBULBTE Y PE ZhTBOGKHULPN UPNBMY. chNEUFE U FEN POB HCE ЪBTBOEE OERTELMPOOP ЪBSCHMSMB P UCHPYI OEPURPTYNSCHI RTBCHBI TUNGKOL SA UECHETOKHA bZHTYLKH, UBRBDOHA BZHTYLKH, BOFYMSHULYE PUFTPPCHB Y YODPLYFBK.

YuFP LBUBEFUS "OBGYPOBMSHOPK TECHPMAGYY", U RPNPESHA LPFPTPK TETSYN chyy RShchFBMUS RTYLTSCHFSH UPVUFCHOOKHA LBRYFHMSGYA, FP UPЪDBCHBMPUSH CHREYUBFMEOYE, YuFP CHYYUFSH TECHZHPHMYLBAB UBNY RP UEVE RPMEOSCH, OP CH GEMPN POY VSHMY DYULTEDYFYTPCHBOSH FEN, YuFP YI RTPchedeoye UCHSCHCHBMY U TBZTPNPN Y RPTBVPEEOYEN zTBOGYY. TBZPCHPTSH CHYYUFPCH P NPTBMSHOPN PJDPTPCHMEOYY KHLTERMEOYY CHMBUFY, DBCE YI VEUURPTOSCH RPRSHCHFLY OBCHEUFY RPTSDPL CH PVEEUFCHEOOP-LLPOPNYUUEULPK TSYYOY TUNGKOL SA CHSTBTSBMYYUSH YCHBOYY NBTYBMB REFEOB, UPЪDBOYY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI LPNYUUYK Y LPNYFEFPCH, B RP UKHEEUFCHH POBYUBMY RPDMSHCHE TERTEUUYY, YE RPMYGYYY GEOYHTSCH, RTYCHYMEZYY Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYE YETOPZP TSCHOLB. yFP LPOYUMPUSH FEN, YuFP CH UBNPN CHYYYUFULPN THLPCHPDUFCHE RPSCHYMYUSH RTYOBLY EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHB Y TBVTPDB. chPF LBL TBCHYCHBMYUSH UPVSHCHFYS U LPOGB 1940 Y CHRMPFSH DP MEFB 1942: KhChPMSHOOYE mBChBMS; UPЪDBOIE CH rBTYETSE nBTUEMEN DEB, DEMPOLMEN, MAYYETPN, nBTLE, UABTEЪPN Y DTKHZYNYY "OBGYPOBMSHOPZP OBTDOPZP PVAEDYEOYS" RTPRBZBODH CH RPMSHЪKH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U OENGBNY; VEULPOYUOSCH YЪNEOOOS RPMOPNPYUK dBTMBOB; PFUFBCHLY YUMEOPCH LBVYOEFB: yVBTOEZBTY, vPDKHOB, bMSHVETB, zhMBODEOB, RKTHFPOB, yeChBMSHE, BYBTTB Y DTHZYI, LPFPTSCHE PDO ЪB DTKHZYN ABOUT УБ ОКЭШЧРПМОНБ; ЪБЗБДПУОПЭ ЪППЦІДБOOPE RTELTBEEOYE RTPGEUUB CH TYPNE {174} ; PFUFBCHLB chEKZBOB; RPLHOYEOYE lPMEFFB TUNGKOL sa mBChBMS; TUNGKOL SA RPUMEDOEZP ZMBCHPK RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB. UBN NBTYBM REFEO PFLTSCHFP RTYOBCHBM UCHPE PFYUBSOPE RPMPTSEOYE. “s PEKHEBA ULCHETOSCHK CHEFET, LPFPTSCHK DHEF YЪ NOPZYI TBKPOPCH zhTBOGYY, ZPCHPTYM PO, CHCHUFKHRBS RP TBDYP CH BCHZKHUFE 1941. veURPLPKUFChP PCHMBDECHBEF KHNBDECHBEF h DKHYY CHLTBDSHCHBEFUS UPNOEOYE. bCHFPTYFEF RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB PURBTYCHBEFUS. rTYLBYSHCHSHCHRPMOSAFUS RMPIP. oBUFPSEYK OEDKHZ PICHBFSHCHBEF ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD.” h YAOE UMEDHAEEZP ZPDB, PFNEYUBS CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYOH UCHPEK RTPUSHVSH P RETENYTYY, BY UBSCHIM CH TEYUY, FTBOUMYTPCHBCHYEKUS RP TBDYP: “with PFOADSH OE ULTSHCHBAFTCH YuFFY PFOADSH OE ULTSHCHBAFTCH YuFFY FMY RMBTYSHE.”

rP NETE FPZP LBL DHFP CHEMYUYE CHYYYUFULLPZP TETSINB YUYUEBMP RPCHUADH, CH NEFTPRPMYY CHPOYLBMY PYUBZY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. eUFEUFCHEOOP, TEYUSH YMB P DEKUFCHYSI, PUEOSH TBMYUOSHI RP IBTBLFETH, YBUFP OE PUEOSH YUEFLP PRTEDEMOOOSCHI, OP RTEUMEDPCHBCHYI EDYOKHA GEMSH. h PDOPN NEUFE UPUFBCHMSMY, REYUBFBMY Y TBURTPUFTBOSMY TBOPZP TPDB MYUFPCHLY. h DTHZPN UPVYTBMY UCHEDEOYS TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOPZP IBTBLFETB P RTPPFYCHOYLE. NHTSEUFCHEOOSCH MADI UPJDBCHBMY ZTHRRSH DEKUFCHYS, LPFPTSCHESCHSHRPMOSMY UBNSHCHE TBOPPVTBOSCH ЪBDBUY: OBMEFSCH TUNGKOL SA CHTBZB, RPTYUH YNHEEUFCHB, RPMHYUEOYE TBURTEDEDEMETSOYE, ABBMCHES, ABBMCHE, ABBMCHE, DPUFBCHMSMYUSH DTKHZYNY RHFSNY, RETEYPD Y PDOPK ЪPOSHCH DTHZHA, RTYEN YMY PRTBCHLH BZEOFPCH, RETEYPD ZTBOYGSCH F. R. h TSDE NEUF UPDBCHBMYUSH ЪBTPDSHY PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS, YUMEOSH LPFPTSCHI PVAEDYOSMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK MYVP RP KHLBBOYSN CHCHUYI YOUFBOGYK, MYVP CH UYMKH PVEODHR. pDOYN UMPCHPN, ЪБ CHOEYOEK RBUUYCHOPUFSHY VEDEKUFCHYEN, LPFPTSCHE, LBBBMPUSH, GBTYMY H NEFTPRPMYY, uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE OBUYOBMP TSYFSH UCHPEK BLFYCHOPK RPDRPMSHOPK TSYOSHAR. VPKGSH UPRTPFYCHMEOYS PE ZHTBOGYY ZPFPCHYMYUSH FERTSH OBOPUYFSH HDBTSH RP CHTBZH, OEUNPFTS TUNGKOL SA ZHUFHA UEFSH RPMYGEKULYI Y DPOPUYLPCH.

h UEOFSVTE 1941 OBYUBMBUSH UETYS YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHI OBRBDEOYK TUNGKOL SA OENEGLYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. RETCHSHCHNY VSHMY KHVYFSH LPNEODBOF ZBTOI'POB CH OBOFE, PZHYGET CH vPTDP Y DCHB UPMDBFB CH rBTYTSE TUNGKOL SA KHMYGE YBNRYPOOE. ъBFEN YUYUMP KHVYFSHI UFBMP TBUFY. NUFS ZHTBOGKHBN, CHTBZ UPFOSNY TBUUFTEMYCHBM ЪBMPTSoilPCH, VTPUBM CH FATSHNSCH FSHUSYU RBFTYPFPCH, LPFPTSHCHE RPFPN CHSHCHUSCHMBMYUSH YJ ZhTBOGYY, DKHYM YFTBZHBCHREBM TERE UPTYPTYPDY, DKHYM YFTBZHBYEBMY TERE UPTYPTYPDY. u YUKHCHUFChPN NTBYUOPK ZPTDPUFY KHOBCHBMY NSCH PV LFK CHPKOE PDYOPYUEL, LPFPTSHCHE RPDCHETZBMY UEVS PZTPNOPNH TYULKH, VPTSUSH U PLLHRBOFBNY. u DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, ZYVEMSH ZHTBOGKHIPCH TSETFCH PFCHEFOSHI TERTEUUYK OENGECH CHSHCHCHBMB CH OBUYI UETDGBI ULPTVSH, OP PFOADSH OE PFYUBSOIE, RPFPNH YuFP NSCH LFPSH LPBFCH LBFFSHOUT LPBFCH LBFFSHOUT pDOBLP YUIPDS Y BMENEOFBTOSCHI FTEVVCHBOYK CHPEOOPK OBHLY, NSCH UYUYFBMY, YuFP VPTSHVPK OHTsOP THLLPCHPDYFSH Y YuFP L FPNKH TSE EEE OE OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF OBUYOBFSH VPECHTSCHFSHY. vPTSHVB, TBUUUYFBOOBS TUNGKOL SA FP, YUFPVSH OE DBCHBFSH RTPFYCHOILH RPLPS, ЪBFEN BLFYCHOSHE PRETBGYY CHOKHFTEOYI UYM uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH OBNEYOOOSCHI RHOLFYCHOILH, OBBULPPOG, OBPULPPOG OBNETECHBMYUSH OBYUBFSH CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF, NPZMY VSC VSCHFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSCHNY RTY HUMPCHYY, YuFP CHUE LFP HDBMPUSH VSC PUHEEUFCHYFSH LBL PDOP GEMPE CH UPUEFBOY Y DEKUFCHYSNY BTNYK PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. NETSDH FEN CH 1941 uPRTPFYCHMEOYE EDCHB OBUYOBMP ЪBTPTsDBFSHUS, Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH OBMY, YUFP POP NPTsEF RPFETREFSH RPMOPE RPTBTTSEOYE VHLCHBMBBSHOP EPDEE, VHLCHBMBBSHOP EPDEE F ZPFPCHSHCCHHUBDIFSHUS TUNGKOL SA RPVETETSSHE.

ChPF RPYUENH 23 PLFSVTS S ЪBSCHYM RP TBDYP: “fPF ZhBLF, YuFP ZHTBOGKHYSHCH KHVYCHBAF OENGECH, SCHMSEFUS BVUPMAFOP OPTNBMSHOSCHN Y BVUPMAFOP PRTBCHDBOOSHCHN. eUMY OENGSCH OE IPFSF, YuFPVSH NSCH YI KHVYCHBMY, YN UMEDHEF PUFBCHFSHUS DPNB... rPUME FPZP LBL YN OE HDBMPUSH RPLPTYFSH NYT, LBTSDSCHK OENEG OBEF, YuFP UFBOVEF KHREPNOMY, YuFP UFBOVEF KHRNMY OP UHEEUFCHHEF FBLFLYLB CHEDEOYS CHPKOSCH. chPKOPK DPMTSOSCH THLPCHPDYFSH FE, LPNH LFP RPTHYUEOP... h OBUFPSEE CHTENS NPK RTYLBJ DMS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPC FETTYFPTYY: OENGECH PFLTSCHFP OE HVYCHBFSH! SA CHCHCHBO EDYOUFCHEOOSCHN UPPVTBTCEOYEN: UEKYBU CHTBZ NPTSEF UPCHETYOOOP WEURTERSFUFCHEOOP PUHEEUFCHMSFSH NBUUPCHSHCHE HVYKUFCHB OBUYI RPLB EEE VEJPTTHTSOSHI VPTGPC. oBRTPFYCH, LBL FPMSHLP NSCH UNPTSEN RETEKFY CH OBUFHRMEOYE, VHDHF PFDBOSCH UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE RTYLBYSHCH.”

UFTENSUSH UPLTBFYFSH UCHPY RPFETY, LPFPTSCHE RTY UMPTSYCHYEKUS PVUFBOPCCHLE VSHMY UMYYLPN CHEMILY RP UTBCHOEYA U DPUFYZOHFSHCHNY CHEUSHNB OOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY VSHMY UMYYLPN CHEMILY RP UTBCHOEYA U DPUFYZOHFSHCHNY CHEUSHNB OOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY TEKHMSHFCHBFSHNY PCHBFSH TEBLGYA NBUU TUNGKOL SA OENEGLYE TERTEUUY CH YOFETEUBI KHLTERMEOYS OBGYPOBMSHOPK UPMYDBTOPUFY Y URMPYUEOYS UYM ZHTBOGHYULPZP OBTPDB. 25 PLFSSVTS, TUNGKOL SA UMEDHAEIK DEOSH RPUM LBJOY 50 ЪБМПЦОЛПЧ Ш оКОФЭ й ыБФПВТИБОК І 50 RBFCHDPYPFPCH Ъ UFTEMYCHBS OBYI MAD EK, CHTBZ TBUUUYFSHCHBM ЪBRKHZBFSH ZhTBOGYA. ZhTBOGYS DPLBTSEF, YuFP EE ЪBRKHZBFSH OEMSH... s RTYYSCCHBA CHUEI ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y CHUEI ZHTBOGKHTSEOPL RTELTBFYFSH CHUSLHA TBVPFH Y CHUSLPE DCHYTSEOYE FBN, ZDE POY VHDUSHF, ZDE POY VHDUSHF1 DP 4 YUBUPCH 05 NYOHF, U FEN YUFPVSH LFP UETSHEOPE RTEDPUFETETSEOYE , LFB NPEOBS OBGYPOBMSHOBS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBMB UYMKH VTBFULPK UPMYDBTOPUFY ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y RPLBЪBMB CHTBZH, LBLBS PRBUOPUFSH RPDUFETEZBEF EZP UADH." OBLBOKHOE OBNEYOOOPZP DOS S RPCHFPTYM UCHPK RTYYSHCHCH. uPUFPSCHYBSUS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTYPVTEMB PE NOPZYI NEUFBI, PUPVEOOOP TUNGKOL SA ЪBCHPDBI, CHOKHOYYFEMSHOSHCHK IBTBLFET. h TEЪKHMSHFBFE PE NOE KHLTERYMBUSH TEYINPUFSH OE DPRKHULBFSH, YUFPVSH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSHCHMYMPUSH CH BOBTIYA; OBRTPFYCH, S IPFEM DPVYFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBOOPUFY, OE RTEUELBS CHNEUFE U FEN YOYGYBFYCHSHCH, LPFPTBS VSHMB EZP DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK, Y OE PFCHETZBS CHBINOPK YЪPMYTPCHBOOPUF PFYCHMEOYE NPZMP VSH VSHCHFSH RPMOPUFSHA MILCHYDYTPCHBOP PDOYN HDBTTPN.

PE CHUSLPN UMKHYUBE KHYBUFOYL DCHYTSEOYS UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y EZP PTZBOYBGYY PE NOPZYI PFOPEYOSI DEKUFCHBMY FERETSH U VPMSHYPK TEYINPUFSHA, OP POY YURSHCHFSHCPEHBMY PUFTHA OEICHBYUSCHIFLH. FBN, ZDE POY NPZMY Y DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBKFY, FP EUFSH CH FPN, YuFP PUFBCHBMPUSH PF BTNYY, RHFSH RTEZTBTSDBMY CHYYUFSH. y FEN OE NEOEE RETCHCHE KHDBTSHCH RP CHTBZKH VSHMY OBOUEOSCH CHPEOOOSCHNY. pZHYGETSCH BTNEKULYI Y PLTHTSOSHI YFBVPCH RTSFBMY PTHTSIE PF LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA. TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOBS UMKHTSVB RTDPDPMTSBMB FBKLPN CHEUFY LPOFTTBCHEDLH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PFRTBCHMSMB BOZMYUBOBN YOZHTNBGYA. rTY UPDEKUFCHYY ZEOETBMPCH ZHTTB, DEMEUFTOB, CHETOP {175} , vMPL-dBUUP, dATNEKETB, U RPNPESH, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PZHYGETULYI LMHVPCH RPDZPFBCHMYCHBMYUSH NPVYMYBGYPOOSHE NETPRTYSFYS. ZEOETBM lpy UFBM CHEUFY BLFYCHOHA RTPPRBZBODH RTPFYCH LBRYFKHMSOFULYI OBUFTPEOYK. UTEDY THLPCHPDYFEMEK NPMPDETSOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, CH UPUFBCH LPFPTSCHI CHIPDIMP OBYUYFEMSHOPE LPMYUEUFCHP VSHCHYI CHPEOOSCHI, NOPZYE FTEOYTPCHBMYUSH UBNY Y HYUMY DTHZYI CHMBDEFSHYI CHMBDEFSHYI. h PUFBCHYYIUS CHYOULY YUBUFSI RPYUFY CHUE PZHYGETSH, HOFET-PZHYGETSH Y UPMDBFSH OE ULTSHCHBMY UCHPYI OBDETSD CHOPPSH RTYOSFSH KHYUBUFYE CH VPSI.

oBUEMEOYE PFOPUYMPUSH LFPNH CHEUSHNB RPMPTSYFEMSHOP. rTYCHEOOBS YI ZhTBOGYY LYOPITPOILB, LPFPTHA S RTPUNPFTEM CH mPODPOE, UMKHTSYMB OBZMSDOSHCHN FPNKH DPLBBBFEMSHUFCHPN. h ZHYMSHNE VSCHM ЪBUOSF NPNEOF, LPZDB REFEO PE CHTENS PDOPK YUCHPYI RPEDPL CH NBTUEMSH RPSCHYMUS TUNGKOL SA VBMLPOE TBFKHYY RETED ChPKULBNYY OBTPDPN, LPFPTSCHE CHSTBTFCSBMY UCHPHYE RUBCHPYE YUKHCPHYE ZUKCHPYE NPTsOP VSHMP UMSHCHYBFSH, LBL, RPCHYOKHSUSH EDYOPDHYOPNH OBUFTPEOYA LFK NBUUSCH MADEK, NI LTYLOKHM: “oe ЪBVHDSHFE, YuFP CHUE CHSC NPVYMYЪPCHBOSHCH!” fY UMPCHB CHSHCHBMY VKHTOSHCHK LOFKHYBYBN CHUEI UPVTBCHYIUS, CHPEOOOSCHY Y OECHPEOOOSCHI, LPFPTSHCHE UNESMYUSH Y RMBLBMY PF CHPMOOYS.

fBLYN PVTBBPN, OEUNPFTS TUNGKOL SA FP YuFP BTNYS RPFETSMB KHVYFSHCHNY YMY RMEOOSCHNY VPMSHYOUFChP UCHPYI YBUFP MKHYYI UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH, POB UFYIYKOP UFTENYFSHCHNY, VBMFSHPOGY, VBMFSHPOGY, VBMFSHPOGY MEOYE. pDOBLP YNEOOP bFPZP Y OE IPFEMP "RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP", LPFPTPNH BTNYS RPDYYOSMBUSH. chYYYUFULYK TETSYN, UPITBOSCHYK CHOYUBME CHYDYNPUFSH OEKFTBMYFEFB, ЪBFEN CHUFBCHYYK TUNGKOL SA RHFSH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U CHTBZPN, RPNEYBM BTNYY PUKHEEUFCHYFSH UCHMS, Y CHFFBMCHBOYEPE SH CH FHRYLE, CHSHCHIPD YЪ LPFPTPZP NPTsOP VSHMP OBKFY, MYYSH PFLBBCHYUSH PF ZHTBNBMSHOPK DYUGYRMYOSCH. iPFS NOPZYE CHPEOOSH CHUE TSE RPIMY TUNGKOL SA LFP, PUPVEOOOP LFP UPUFPSM CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YMY LFP CHUFKHRYM CH FBKOHA BTNYA, YMY, OBLPOEG, FE, LFP RPTSE PUOPCHBM "bZLFTPYBGYA" Y DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSCHOKHTSDEOP VSHMP RETCHPE CHTENS UBNP ZPFPCHYFSH UCHPY LBDTSH.

h "UChPVPDOPK" ЪPOE FBLYE PTZBOYBGYY, LBL "lPNVB" PE ZMBCHE U LBRYFBOPN ZhTEO {176} , "mYVETBUSHPO", CH LPFPTPK PUOPCHOKHA TPMSH YZTBM BNBOAMSH D "BUFSH DE MB CHITSETY {177} , “ZhTBO-FYTET”, THLPChPDUFChP LPFPTPK ChPЪZMBCHMSM TsBO-rshet MECHY {178} , ЪBOYNBMYUSH BLFYCHOPK RTPRBZBODYUFULPK DESFEMSHOPUFSHA Y UPЪDBCHBMY CHPEOYYTPCHBOOSCH ZHTNYTPCHBOYS. pDOPCHTEENOOOP PUFBFLY VSHCHYI RTPZHUPAOSCHI PTZBOYBGYK "CHUEPVEEK LPOZHEDETBYY FTHDB" Y "ZhTBOGKHULPK LPOZHEDETBYY ITYUFYBOULYI FTHDSEYIUS" CHEMY RTPRBZBODДS CHEMY RTPRBZBODХPSY CHEMY RTPRBZBODКPFY RPMCHU. bOBMPZYUOHA TBVPFKH RTPCHPDYMY TBMYUOSHE ZTHRRYTPCHLY, UPUFPSCHIYE YUMEOOPCH VSHCHYYI RBTFYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY FBLYI, LBL UPGYBMYUFYUEULBS, oBTPDOSHE DENPLTBFSCH Y t EURLSHWHMYLBOGY. rPULPMSHLH ЪPOB OE VSHMB PLLHRYTPCHBOB OENGBNY, VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, EUFEUFCHEOOP, RTPPFYCH CHYYUFULLPZP TETSINB, RTPPHYCH EZP RPMYGYY FTYVHOBMPCH. rTY LFPN THLPCHPDYFEMY, ZPFPCHS UYMSCH, LPFPTSCHE CH UMHYUBE OEPVIPDYNPUFY NPZMY VSHFSH YURPMSHJPCHBOSH RTPPFYCH CHTBZB, DKHNBMY P ЪBICHBFE CHMBUFY Y CHYDEMY CH UPRTPPHYCH OPPHYPHY, CHUPCHOFFYCH P DMS UNEOSH TETSINB.

rPMYFYUEULYK IBTBLFET PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ATSOPK ЪPOSH DEMBM, EUFEUFCHOOOP, YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOPK, URPUPVUFCHPCHBM RTYCHMEYODBOCH YFPY YI RTPRBZBODE ЪMPVPDOECHOPUFSH Y ЪBTSYZBFEMSHOPUFSH, LPFPTSHCHE VKhDIMY KHNSCH. OP U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, RPMOPE UPZMBUYE Y CHSHCHFELBAEBS PFUADB UPCHNEUFOBS DESFEMSHOPUFSH THLPCHPDSEYI LPNYFEFPCH UFTBDBMY PF CHUEZP LFPP. UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YUFP TSDPCHCHE YUMEOSH FUYI PTZBOYBGYK Y UPYUKHCHUFCHHAEYE RPYUFY OE YOFETEUPCHBMYUSH OH DBMSHOEKYEK RTPZTBNNPK UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, OH HUMPCHYCHBFYFYS, OH HUMPCHYCHBFYBHY MEC. rP PVEENKH NOEOYA, ZMBCHOPE UPUFPSMP CH FPN, YUFPVSH UTBTSBFSHUS YMY RP LTBKOEK NETE ZPFPCHYFSHUS L LFPNH. dPVSHCHBFSH PTHTSYE, KHUFTBICHBFSH FBKOILY, RPDZPFBCHMYCHBFSH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PUHEEUFCHMSFSH OBMEFSCH CHPF P YUEN YMB TEYUSH! y LFK GEMSHHA OBDP VSHMP PTZBOYPCHCHBFSH ZTKHRRSCH TUNGKOL SA NEUFBI ЪOBAEYI DTHZ DTHZB MADEK, YULBFSH UTEDUFCHB DMS VPTSHVSH Y DETSBFSH SJSHL ЪB ЪХВБНЯ. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, EUMY CHOKHFTY PTZBOYBGYK Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP PFOPUYFEMSHOPE EDYOUFChP CHZMSDHR, FP RTBLLFYUEULBS VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, OPPVPTPF, TBTPJOOOSCHNY ZT KHRPVFCHEN YNELPCHFPDY, FP RTBLFYUEULBS FCHPCHBMY UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP Y PURBTYCHBMY DTKHZ KH DTHZB RTBCHP TUNGKOL SA YNECHYYEUS CH NYETOPN LPMYUEUFCHE PTHTSYE DEOSHZY .

h PLLKHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE, CH KHUMPCHYSI OERPUTEDUFCHOOOPK PRBUOPUFY, FBLPK LPOLCHTEOGYY OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP, PDOBLP TBPVEEOOPUFSH MADEK Y KHUIMYK RTPSCHMSMBUSH FBN ZPTBJEEDP U. fBN VShchMP RTSNPE Y PRBUOPE UPUEDUFChP U RTPFYCHOILPN. rTYIPDYMPUSH YNEFSH DEMP U ZEUFBRP. OE VSHMP OYLBLPK CHPNPTSOPUFY RETEDCHYZBFSHUS, RETERYUSCHCHBFSHUS, CHSHCHVYTBFSH LCHBTFYTH, OE RPDCHETZBSUSH UFTPZPNH LPOFTPMA. CHUE RPDPYFEMSHOSH RPRBDBMY CH FATSHNH Y CHCHUSCHMBMYUSH. yuFP LBUBEFUS BLFYCHOPZP uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, FP EZP VPKGCH OEKHNPMYNP RPDUFETEZBMY RSHCHFLY Y UNETFSH. h FYI KHUMPCHYSI UIMSH VSHMY LTBKOE TBURSHMEOSCH. CHNEUFE U FEN, RTYUKHFUFCHYE OENGECH UPЪDBCHBMP PVUFBOPCHLH, FPMLBCHYKHA TUNGKOL SA UPRTPFYCHMEOYE, TUNGKOL SA UPЪDBOYE RPDRPMSHOSHI PTZBOYBGYK. chPF RPYUENH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS CH LFK ЪPOE RTYPVTEFBMP OBRTSCEOOSHCHK CHPEOOP-ЪBZPCHPTEYUEULYK IBTBLFET. "zTBTSDBOULBS Y CHPEOOBS PTZBOYBGYS", PUOPCHBOOBS RPMLPCHOILPN fHOY, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS" PE ZMBCHE U TYRPYEN, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY UPRTPFYlFDBOOBS-UPRTPFY CHMEOFDBOOBS", mev {179} , PTZBOYBGYS "pUCHPVPTSDEOOYE UECHETB", LPFPTHA UZhPTNYTPCHBM LBCHBKEU, OBLPOEG, PTZBOYBGYS "zPMPU UECHETB", PUOPCHBOOBS Ch'OP, PE ZhMBODTYY, CH LTBA YBIFETCH. RPD TH LBLBFETCH YUSH RTDETTSYCHBFSHUS LBLPZP-MYVP RPMYFYUEULPZP OBRTBCHMEOYS, CHEMY FPMSHLP CHPPTHTSEOOHA VPTSHVH Y DEKUFCHPCHBMY OEVPMSHYYNYY , YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHNY DTKhZ PF DTHZB RPDRPMSHOSHSHNY ZTHRRRBNY.

h LPOGE 1941 LPNNHOYUFSHCH CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH CHUFKHRYMY CH VPTSHVH. dP LFPPZP YI THLPCHPDYFEMY ЪBOINBMY RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPEYA L PLHLHRBOFBN, ЪBFP TELP OBRBDBMY TUNGKOL SA BOZMPUBLUPOULYK LBRYFBMYYN Y EZP RTYUMHTS OILHRGE-“. pDOBLP YI RPCHEDEOYE NNEOFBMSHOP YYNEOYMPUSH, LPZDB ZYFMET OBRBM TUNGKOL SA TPUUYA, B POY UBNY U FTHDPN UKHNEMY HKFY CH RPDRPMSHE Y KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHSY, OEPVIPDYNSCHE DMS VPTSHVSH. chRTPYUEN, POY VSHCHMY L OEK RPDZPFPCHMEOSCH UCHPEK UYUFENK RBTFYKOSCHI SUEEL, UELTEFOPUFSHA UCHEPEK YETBTIYY, RTEDBOOPUFSHA UCHPYI LBDTPCH. h OBGYPOBMSHOHA CHPKOKH POY CHLMAYUMYUSH PFCHBTTSOP Y KHNEMP, PFLMYLBSUSH VEUURPTOP (PUPVEOOOP TSDPCHCHESH UMEOSCH) TUNGKOL SA ЪПЧ TPДYOSCH, OP OYLPZDB OE FETSS YBLTECHYЪ, LPMYU FETSS YBLTECHYDH, GBLTECH MAYUBCHYHAUS CH FPN, YUFPVSH KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHPA DYLFBFHTH, CHPURPMSHЪPCHBCHYUSH DTBNPK, LPFPTHA RETETSYCHBMB ZHTBOGYS . SING CHUE CHTENS UFTENYMYUSH UPITBOIFSH UB UPVPK UCHPVPDH DEKUFCHYK. OP CHNEUFE U FEN, RPMSH'HSUSH OBUFTPEOYSNY VPTGPCH uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH FPN YUYUME Y CH PYI UPVUFCHEOOSHI TSDBI, LPFPTSHCHE IPFEMY FPMSHLP CHPECHBFSH, POY KHRPTOP UFTENYPRYUSH PYUFFYE FYFSH EZP, EUMY PLBTSEFUS CHPNPTSOSHCHN, CH PTHDYE UCHPYI YUEUFPMAVICHSHI KHUFTENMEOYK.

fBL, CH PLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE POY UPЪDBMY "oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZHTPOF" ZTHRRYTPCHLH YUYUFP RBFTYPFYUEULPZP IBTBLFETB, Y PTZBOYBGYA "ZhTBOFYTETSH Y RBTFYPT VBSCHBLBOFFY" HOP DMS VPTSHVSH U OENGBNY. h FY PTZBOYBGYY SING RTYCHMELBMY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH OELPNNHOYUFYUEULYE BMENEOFSHCH, YUFPVSH FEN UBNSCHN NBULYTPCHBFSH UCHPY BNSHUMSHCH. kumanta ng ЪBUSHMBMY UCHPYI MADEK RPD TBOSCHN CHYDPN CH THLPCHPDSEYE PTZBOSHCH CHUEI DTHZYI PTZBOYBGYK. kantahin ang RTEDMPTSYMY NOE CHULPTE UCHPE UPDEKUFCHYE, RTY LFPN OH TUNGKOL SA NYOHFKH OE RETEUFBCHBS UMPUMPCHYFSH RP BDTEUKH "DEZPMMECHULZP NYZHB".

YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS NEOS, FP S IPFEM FPMSHLP, YuFPVSH SING RTYOPUYMY RPMSHЪKH. h VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN OEMSHHS RTEOEVTEZBFSH OILBLYNY UYMBNY, Y S UYFBM, YUFP YI KHYUBUFYE SCHYFUS UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHN CHLMBDPN CH FH UCHPEPVTBOKHA CHPKOKH, LPFPTBS CHEMBUSH CH HUMPCHYY. OP UMEDPCHBMP DPVYFSHUS, YUFPVSH POY DEKUFCHPCHBMY LBL YUBUFSH EDYOPK PTZBOYBGYY Y, ULBTSKH VEJ PVIOSLPCH, RPD NPYN THLPCHPDUFCHPN. rPMBZBSUSH PE NOPZPN TUNGKOL SA NPZKHYUKHA UYMKH OBGYPOBMSHOPZP YUKHCHUFCHB Y OEDPCHETYE, LPFPTPPE NOE PLBSCHBMY NBUUSH, NA MAY UTBH TEYM RTEDPUFBCHYFSH YN DPMTSOPE NEUFFCE NEUFFCE LTCHBOGKHUFPPE CHTENS, CH EZP THLPCHPDUFCHE. pDOBLP UFPMSH TSE FCHETDP S TEYM OE DPRHULBFSH, YUFPVSH POY UNPZMY ЪBOSFSH DPNYOTHAEE RPMPTSEOYE, PFFEUOYFSH NEOS Y PYUHFYFSHUS X THLPCHPDUFCHB. fTBZEDYS, TEYBCHYBS UHDSHVKH ZTBOGYY, DBCHBMB LFYN ZHTBOGKHYBN, LPPTTSCHI CHPNHEBCHYBS YI OEURTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH RPUFBCHYMB CHOE OBGYY, B PYYVLY RPCHEMY RP MPTsOPCHFSHFTY, CHPNHEBCHYBS YUBUFSH EDYOPK OBGYY, IPFS VSC FPMSHLP TUNGKOL SA RETYPD VPTSHVSHCH. kasama ang IPFEM UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH LFB CHPTNPTSOPUFSH OE VSHMB OBCHUEZDB RPFETSOB. y FPZDB, LBL y Ch RTPYMPN, UP UMPCHBNY "dB ЪDTБЧУФЧХЭФ ЖТКОГИС!" NPZMY VSC HNYTBFSH CHUE, LFP FBL YMY YOBYUE PFDBCHBM ЪB OEE UCHPA TSYOSH. h OERTETSCHOPN DCHYTSEOYY TSYYOY CHUE DPLFTYOSCH, CHUE YLPMSCH, CHUE TECHPMAGYY RTEIPDSEY. lPNNHOYIN OE CHUEOO. OP ZhTBOGYS CHEYUOB. kasama ang KHCHETEO, YuFP CH EE UKHDSHVE VPMSHYKHA TPMSH USCHZTBEF CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE FPF ZBLF, YuFP RTY CHUEI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI PE CHTENS PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS -CH LFPF OEDPMZYK, OPPD UFEK EEDPMZYK, OPPD TEYBACHEIK POBYUFFYK, OPPD TEYBACHEIK REBO EOOOPK OBGYEK.

h PLFSVTE 1941 S KHOOBM, YuFP h mYUUBVPO RTYVSHHM YЪ ZhTBOGYY TsBO nKHMIO {180} , LPFPTSHK IPFEM RPRBUFSH H mPODPO. kasama ang ЪOBM, LFP VShchM LFPF YuEMPCHEL. s ЪOBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, YuFP LBL RTEZHELF DERBTFBNEOFB y mHBT po RTPSCHYM CHSHUPLPPE NHTSEUFChP Y DPUFPYOUFChP PE CHTENS CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH CH yBTFT. OENGSH CHUSYUEULY PULPTVMSMY EZP, TBOYMY Y VTPUYMY CH FATSHNH. h LPOGE LPOGPCH SA VSHM PUCHPVPTSDEO, ENKH RTYOEUMY YICHYOEOYS. CHYYYUFSH UNEUFYMY EZP U RPUFB, Y NI OBIPDIYMUS CH PRBME. kasama ang ЪOBM, UFP SA IPFEM UMHTSYFSH. rПФПНХ С РПРТПУМ Х ВТІФБУЛИ ЦМБУFEК OBRTBCHYFSH LFPZP DPUFPKOPZP YUEMPCHELB CH BOZMYA. pDOBLP RTYYMPUSH TsDBFSH DCHB NEUSGB, YuFPVSH RPMKHYYFSH YI UPZMBUYE. "YOFEMMYDTSEOU UETCHYU" UFTENYMBUSH CHOSFSH nHMYOB L UEVE, B PO, OBPVPTPF, FTEVPCHBM, YUFPVSH EZP PFRTBCHIMY CH NPE TBURPTTSEOYE. vMBZPDBTS OBUFPSFEMSHOPK RTPUSHVE, U LPFPTPK S CH RYUSHNEOOOPK ZHTNE PVTBFYMUS L IDEOH, LFPF YuEUFOSCHK ZHTBOGKH UNPZ RTYVSCHFSH L NEUFKH OBYEOYS. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY NOE UFPYMP FBLYI TSE KHUIMYK PVEUREYUYFSH EZP CHPCHTBEEOYE PE ZhTBOGYA. h FEYUEOOYE DELBVTS MAY ANO ANG GINAGAWA NG OYN RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOSHESCH VUEEDCH. TsBO nKhMIO DP PFYAEDB CH mPODPO YNEM NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHUFTEYUY U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY CHUEI PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y, LTPNE FPZP, ЪPODYTPCHBM RPYUCHULYBFYOFYUFT CH TBMYUFYUFYU, CHOSHI UZHETBI. ayon sa IPTPYP OBM PVUFBOPCHLH FBN, ZDE M U UBNPZP OBYUBMB RTEDRPMBZBM EZP YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH. NI DEBM SUOSCH RTEDMPTSEOYS YUEFLP YIMBZBM UCHPY RTPUSHVSHCH.

yFPF YUEMPCHEL, EEE NMPPDK, OP HTSE OBLPRYCHYYK UMKHTSEVOSHCHK PRSHCHF, VSHM FPK TSE EBBLBMLY, YuFP Y CHUE NPI MKHYUYE URPDCHYTSOIL. CHUEK DKHYPK MAVSEIK ZHTBOGYA, KHVETSDEOOOSCHK CH FPN, YuFP "DEZPMMYYN" DPMTSEO VSHFSH OE FPMSHLP YOUFTHNEOFPN VPTSHVSHCH, OP Y DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK CHUSLPZP PVOPCHMEOYN HMSEFUS "UChPVPDOBS ZhTBOGYS", NI UFTENYMUS L VPMSHYYN DEMBN. l FPNH TSE, VKHDHYUYEMPCHELPN ЪDTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN, FTEЪChP PGEOYCHBS CHEY Y MADEK, NI PUEOSH PVDHNBOOP YEM RP RHFY, KHUESOOPN MPCHKHYLBNY RTPFPYCHOILB Y RTERSFUCSHHYSHYSNY. CHETYCHYK CH UCHPE DEMP, TBUYUEFMYCHSHCHK, OE UPNOECHBAEIKUS OY CH YUEN Y OYUENKH OE DPCHETSAEIK, BRPUFPM Y PDOPCHTEENOOOP YURPMOYFEMSH, NHMYO UB 18 NEUSGECH CHSHRPMOYYUKHYM: CHBTCHUBHYM UPRTPPHYCHMEOYS, UHEEUFCHPCHBCHYEE, RP UHFY DEMB, UYNCHPMYUEULY, NI RTECHTBFYM CH TEBSHOPE EDYOUFCHP. ъBFEN, UFBCH TSETFChPK RTEDBFEMSHUFCHB, RETEOEUS FATSHNH Y TSEUFPLYE RSCHFLY RPDMPZP CHTBZB, TsBO nHMYO PFDBM TSIYOSH ЪB ZhTBOGYA, LBL Y NOPZIE DTHZIE ITBVTSHCHE ABOUTCH, LPFCHIE ITBVTSHCHE ABOUT DPMZYE OPIY VPTSHVE, YUFPVSH ULPTEE OBUFHRIM TBUUCHEF.

NSH HUMPCHYMYUSH, YuFP PO RPUFBTBEFUS UOBYUBMB RTPCHEUFY TBVPFH CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK KOPSCH, YuFPVSH KHVEDYFSH YI UPJDBFSH RPD EZP THLPCHPDUFCHPN PVEPFHMTED BO U obGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN, DBCHBM PVEYE HLBBOYS Y BOINBMUS TEYOYEN CHOKHFTEOOYI URPTCH. rP PLPOYUBOY LFK TBVPFSH nKHMIO DPMTSEO VSHM ЪBOSFSHUS UECHETOPK ЪPOPK, YUFPVSH RPRSCHFBFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBFSH DMS CHUEK FETTYFPTYY EDYOSCHK UPCHEF UPRTPFYCHMEOYSHC, YUFPVSH OP LBL FPMSHLP ЪBYMB TEYUSH P UPЪDBOY EDYOPZP PTZBOB, LPFPTSCHK CHPЪZMBCHYM VSH CH NEFTPRPMYY CHUE PTZBOYBGYY, KHYUBUFChPCHBCHYYE CH DCHYTSEOYY UPRTPFYCHMEOILMPY: CHFHBPKSIPTOYMPY DC P CHOKHFTEOOYI CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UIMBI CH UFTBOE.

rTYOINBS PE CHOYNBOYE FPMSHLP RTEDUFBCHYFEMSHOSHCHK, OP PFOADSH OE THLPCHPDSEIK IBTBLFET, LPFPTSCHKNOE IPFEMPUSH RTYDBFSH LFPNH UPCHEFKH (YuFP CHRPUMEDUFCHYY KHDBMPUSH OULEDKHBMTFSH) CHIPTSDEOOYE YI CH UPCHEF VSHMP OEYVETSOP. chRTPYUEN, RP NPENKH NOEOYA, OBUY OYUYUBUFSHS PVASUOSMYUSH O UHYUEUFCHPCHBOYEN RBTFYK, B FEN, YuFP, RPMSHJHSUSH OBYNYY RTYYEDYYYYYYNYH CH CHEFIPUFSH ZPUKHDBTUYOSCHBYUCHBOY VE CHMBUFSH. ChPF RPYUENKH, RTYOBCHBS JB RBTFYSNYI TPMSH, S OE TSEMBM, YUFPVSH FERETSH POY PLBBBMYUSH PE ZMBCHE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS. OH CH LPEK NETE OH YI YIDEY, OH YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH OE SCHMSMYUSH YUFPYUOILPN uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, RPFPNKH YFP CHUE UFY RBTFYY VEJ YULMAYUEOYS PLBUBMYUSH OEUPUFP TESFEMSHESCHNY. OP EEE CHYUETB RETETSYCHBCHYE LTYYU CH TEHMSHFBFE LBFBUFTPZHSCH, AWIT OBYUBMY FERETSH KHLTERMSFSHUS. yI PFDEMSHOSHE BMENEOFSHCH, CHUFKHRBS CH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, ZTHRRYTPCHBMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK, RTDETTSYCHBSUSH TBNPL RTETSOYI PFOPEOYK.

rTBCHDB, MYYICHYYUSH LMYEOFHTSCH RTEDNEFB UCHPYI ЪBVPF, B FBLCE CHPNPTSOPUFY ЪBOINBFSHUS LPNVIOBGYSNYY FPTZPCHFSHUS YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, POY DKHNBFFMY Y DBCFPMY CHN YUFPLBN UCHPEZP UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYS, FP EUFSH L YDEBMBN UPGYBMSHOPK URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY, LHMSHFH OBGYPOBMSHOSHI FTBDYG JK, RTPRPCHEDY UCHEFULPZP IBTBLFETB ZPUKHDBTUFCHB Y ZPTSUYN ITYUFYBOWLIN YUKHCHHUFCHBN. yI UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE PTZBOYBGYY, PUOPCHBFEMSHOP PUYEEOOOSCH, IPFEMY, LBBMPUSH, FPMSHLP PDOPZP: OENEDMEOOOP CHOEFY UCHPK CHLMBD CH VPTSHVH, YURPMSHJHS FE YMY YOSCHE FEOD EUOFOFY. NETSDH FEN RPUMEDOEE OBUYOBMP PGEOYCHBFSH RP DPUFPYOUFCHH KHNEMSCHE DEKUFCHYS LFYI IPTPYP OBLPNSHI ENKH PTZBOYBGYK, FEN VPMEE YUFP POY PFTELBMYUSH PF UCHPYI RTETSOLYI PYYVPLYI. oBLPOEG, ЪB RPchedeoyen RBTFYKOSCHI DESFEMEK CHOINBFEMSHOP UMEDYMY UPAYOIL. dPVYCHBSUSH EDYOUFCHB OBGYY, RTYIPDIMPUSH UYUYFBFSHUS U ZHBLFBNY. h UCHSY U LFYN S DBM nHMYOKH YOUFTHLGYA CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF CHCHEUFY CH UPCHEF, LPFPTSCHK RTEDRPMBZBMPUSH UPJDBFSH, DEMEZBFPCH PF RBTFYK OBTSDKH U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY TBHI ЪZMYUOTPBSCHY PTZMYUOTPBSCHY.

eUMY S TBUUUYFSHCHBM FBLYN RKHFEN DPVYFSHUS OELPFPTPZP EDYOUFCHB CH RPMYFYUEULPK VPTSHVE ZHTBOGYY, FP FPZP TSE S IPFEM DPUFYUSH Y CH CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVE. h LFPN PFOPYEOYY RETCHBS FTHDOPUFSH RPTPTsDBMBUSH UBNYNY PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, LPFPTSHCHE, UPЪDBCHBS VPECHSHCHE PFTSDSH, IPFEMY UPITBOYFSH OBD OYNY UCHPA CHMBUFSH. l FPNH TSE, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN OULPMSHLYI ZPTOSCHI YMY FTHDOPDPUFHROSCHI TBKPOCH, LFY PFTSDSH NPZMY UKHEEUFCHPCHBFSH MYYSH CH CHYDE NEMLYI ZTHRR. fBL VSHMP, CH YUBUFOPUFY, CH “NBLY”, ZDE ZHTNYTPCHBMYUSH ZTHRRRSCH RBTFYIBO CH PUOPCHOPN YI MADEK, HLMPOYCHYIUS PF PFRTBCHLY CH ZETNBOYA Y LPFPTSCHN RTYIPDIMPUSH ULTSHCHBFYPKUS CH ULTSHCHBFYPKUS. pF OYI RPFPNKH NPTsOP VSHMP PTSYDBFSH FPMSHLP RBTFYBOULPK CHPKOSHCH, LPFPTBS DBMB VSC CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSHE TEKHMSHFBFSCH, EUMY VSH YI TBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS UFVEEK VUPC BUFSMBUPSHBOEK V. fBLYN PVTBJPN, RTEDPUFBCHMSS TBMYUOSCHN ZTHRRRBN CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH BCHFPOPNOP, OHTsOP VSHMP TBTEYYFSH RTPVMENKH, UPUFPSEKHA CH FPN, YuFPVSH UPEDYOYFSH YI RTSDHPE UPSHPKYFSH YI RTSDHPE UPSHPKYFOOO , RPDYYOSAEEKUS OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP NOE. fP RPJCHPMYMP VSH OBNEFIFSH DMS OYI CH ZHTNE RMBOB, UPZMBUPCHBOOPZP U UPAYOSCHN LPNBODPCHBOYEN, PVEYE ЪBDBUY, LPFPTSHCHE POY CHSHRPMOSMY VSC CH ЪBCHYUYNPUFY PFHY, CH LPUPOFCFOFY, PUZFPOFFY (!) CHCHUBDLB UPAOSHI CHPKUL CH ECHTPRE. kasama ang RPTHYUYM nHMYOKH DPVYFSHUS PF PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS LFPPZP LMENEOFBTOPZP CHBYNPDEKUFCHYS YI CHPEOOSCHI ZTHRR. noe RTYYMPUSH, PDOBLP, TsDBFSH OUEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH, RTETSDE YUEN KHDBMPUSH UPJDBFSH CH MYGE ZEOETBMB DEMEUFTOB LPNBODPCHBOIE FBKOPK BTNYY.

TsBO nKHMIO VSHM UVTPYEO TUNGKOL SA RBTBYAFE TUNGKOL SA AZ ZhTBOGYY CH OPYUSH TUNGKOL SA RETCHPE SOCHBTS. x OEZP VSHMP NPE RTEDRYUBOYE, UPZMBUOP LPFPTPNH NI OBYUBMUS NPYN DEMEZBFPN CH OEPLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE NEFTPRPMYY U BDBUYEK PVEUREYUYFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCOSHITPY TBMYRRYUYFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCOSHITP TBOM RRYU EZP RPMOPNPYS RPFPNH OE NPZMY CH RTYOGYRE PURBTYCHBFSHUS. oP ENH RTEDUFPSMP PUHEEUFCHYFSH YI RTY NPEK RPDDETZLE. h UCHSY U LFYN VSHMP TEYEOP, YuFP YNEOOP PO SCHYFUS PE zhTBOGYY GEOFTBMSHOSCHN ЪCHOPN OBYI UCHSJEK -RTETSDE CHUEZP U ATSOPK ЪPOPK, B RP NETE CHNPTSOPUFY Y UECHETOPK; YuFP CH EZP TBURPTTSEOY VHDHF OBIPDIFSHUS UTEDUFCHB UCHSY; YuFP L OENKH VHDHF RTYLTERMEOSCH OBIY UCHSOSCH; YuFP SA VKhDEF PUCHEDPNMEO P RETEVTPULE OBEZP MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB, ZTHJPCH, LPTTEURPODEOGYYY BOZMYYY PE ZhTBOGYAY PVTBFOP; OBLPOEG, YuFP PO VKhDEF RPMKHYUBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, OBRTBCHMSENSHCHE OBNY DMS TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH NEFTPRPMYY. u FYYNY RPMOPNPYYSNY nHMYO RTYUFHRIM L DEMH.

rP EZP YOYGYBFYCHE, RPDDETTSBOOPK UOYH, THLPCHPDYFEMY PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH CHULPTE PVEYNY HUYMYSNY UPЪDBMY UCHPEZP TPDB UPCHEF, RTEDUEDBFEBMFEMEN LPBCMPCHYPHYPPY LPNYFEFB. h NBTFE POY PRHVMYLPCHBMY UPCHNEUFOKHA DELMBTBGYA RPD OBCHBOYEN “edYOBS VPTSHVB, EDYOSCHK THLPCHPDYFEMSH”, PVSJHSUSH PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCHYK Y ЪBSCHPDTHMSS, FPPMZE POLDCHMSS . h DESFEMSHOPUFY TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK UFBM CHPGBTSFSHUS RPTSDPL. zPFPCHYMPUSH PVAEDYOOYE NETPRTYSFYK CH PFOPEYOYY CHPEOYBGYY RBTFYBOWLYI ZTHRR. h FP CE CHTENS U OBYEK RPNPESHA nKHMIO UPЪDBM RTY UCHPEK DEMEZBGYY GEOFTBMYPCHBOOSCH PTZBOSHCH.

fBL, OBRTYNET, "UMKHTSVB CHP'DKHYOSCHI NPTULYI PRETBGYK" RPMKHYUBMB OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP PF RPMLPCHOILB DECHBCHTEOB YOUFTHLGYY PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTYVSCHFYS Y PFRTBCHLY UBHDNPMEFPCH Y PFRTBCHLY UBHDNPMEFPCH Y LBTSDSCHK NEUSG CH MKHOOSCHE OPYU UBNPMEFSH "MYUBODT" YMY VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY, CHEDPNSHCHE FBLYNY RYMPFBNY, LBL mPTBO Y MYCHTY-MECHEMSH, LPFPTSHCHE NBUFETULY URTBCHMSMYUSH U FYNY UNEMSHYNY NG. MADY, LPFPTSCHE RPUFPSOOP TYULLPCHBMY UCHPEK TSYOSHA, PVEUREYUYCHBMY UYZOBMYBGYA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHMEOYE RBUUBTSYTPCH Y ZTHЪPCH Y PITBOKH. yuBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH RTYOINBFSH LPOFEKOETSH, LPFPTSCHE UVTBUSHCHBMYUSH TUNGKOL SA RBTBUAFBI CH KHUFBOPCHMEOOSCHI NEUFBI, RTSFBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH UPDETSBCHYYEUS CH OYI ZTHYSHCH. "UMHTSVB TBDYP", LPFPTHA TsAMYFF PTZBOYPCHBM TUNGKOL SA NEUFE, DEKUFChPChBMB FBLCE RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nHMYOB, RETEDBCHBS CH mPODPO Y RPMHYUBS PFFHDB ETSENEUSYUOP UPFOY, B FEN OFESSCHUSCHUSYU UCHPYI TBDYPUFBOGYK, PVOBTHTSEOOSHI RTPFYCHOILPN, Y CHPURPMOSS RP NETE CHPNPTSOPUFY UCHPY VPMSHYIE RPFETY. NHMIO UPJDBM FBLCE "VATP REYUBFY YOZHPTNBGYY" PE ZMBCHE U tsPTTSEN vYDP {181} , LPFPTSCHK DETTSBM OBU CH LHTUE TBMYUOSCHI OBUFTPEOYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY YOFEMMYZEOGYY, B FBLCE PVEEUFCHEOOSCHY RPMYFYUEULYI LTHZPCH. hYUTETSDEOOOSCHK RTY OEN "zMBCHOSCHK OBKHYOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYK LPNYFEF", CH LPFPTPN TBVPFBMY vBUFYD, mBLPUF, DE nBOFPO, rBTPDY, FEFTSEO, lHTFEO, DEVTE, UPUFBCHMCH ABOUT VTPEL. vMPL-MEOE THLPCHPDYM RP RPTHYUEOYA DEMEZBGYY ZHJOBUPCHSHNYY PRETBGYSNYYY ITBOYM DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, RPMHYUEOOOSCHYY MPODPOB. fBLYN PVTBBPN, YUETE RPUTEDUFCHP nHMYOB, DETSBCHYEZP CH UCHPYI THLBY PUOPCHOSHE OIFY THLPCHPDUFCHB, DESFEMSHOPUFSH OBEZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB UFBMB DBCHBFSH RTBLFYUEULYE TE МШББ bFP RPDFCHETTSDBMY CH RETCHSCHE CE NEUSGSHCH 1942 PYUECHYDGSHCH, RTYVSHCHBCHYE Y ZhTBOGYY.

h YI YUYUME VSHHM ANINO. h PDOKH Ъ ZHECHTBMSHULYI OPUEK SA RTYCHE Ъ rBTYTSB UCHSLY DPLHNEOPCH DMS OBYI UMKHTSV, B NPEK TSEOE BBBMYA CH GCHEFPUOPN ZPTYLE, LHRMEOOKHA TUNGKOL SA KHMYGE THBKBMSH. DESFEMSHOPUFSH EZP UEFI "lPOZHTETY oPFT-dBN" VSHMB CH RPMOPN TBZBTE.

OBRTYNET, OH PDYO Y OENEGLYI OBDCHPDOSHI LPTBVMEK OE RPKFY CH VTEUF, mPTYBO, OBOF, TPYZhPT, MB-tPYEMSH, vPTDP YMY CHSHKFY PFFHDB VEЪ FPZP, YUFEFPVSH VSHPODPMELFPO, YUFEFPVSH VSHPODPMELFO oh PDOP CHTBTSEULPE UPPTTHTSEOYE NPZMP VSHFSH RPUFTPEOP TUNGKOL SA VETEZKH MB-nBOYB YMY TUNGKOL SA bFMBOFYUEULPN RPVETETSSHE H YUBUFOPUFY, TUNGKOL SA VBBI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL VEЪ FPZPBHSE OFFBMY OFFPM CHEUFOSH OBN. lTPNE FPZP, TENY NEFPDYUEULY KHUFBOBCHMYCHBM UCHSY MYVP U DTHZYNY UEFSNY, MYVP U PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPK ЪPOSHCH, MYVP U LPNNHOYUFBNY. rPUMEDOYE, CHUFTEFYYYUSH U OIN OEBDPMZP DP PFYAEDB, RPTHYUYMY RETEDBFSH NOE, YuFP POY ZPFPCHSH RTYOBFSH NPE THLPCHPDUFCHP Y RPUMBFSH RPMONPPYuOPZP RTEDUFBCHYFEMS CHOPOD TBUFBCHYFEMS mPOYE.

h NBTFE CH mPODPO RTYVSHCHM OBFTY NEUSGB Y RTPCHEM U OBNY PYUEOSH RPMEЪОХА TBVPFH PDO YЪ THLPCHPDYFEMEK PTZBOYBGYY “PUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB” Y DPCHETOOPE MYGPЪRZ h BRTEME OBU RPUEFYM NNBOAMSH D "BUFSHE, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHK TBOBOSCHNY RPTPELFBNY Y TBUYUEFBNY, Y S UYUYE OKHTSOSHN OBRTBCHYFSH EZP DP CHPCHTBEEOOYS PE ZhTBOGYA CH UPTDOGYA CH UPOOOOSHE FFSSHCHCHEDOOOOSHE CHPRPTUSCH, UCHSBOOOSCH U UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ъBFEN RTYEIBM vTPUUPMEF. {182} . SA VSHM RPMPO CHUSLIYI UBNSHCHUPLYI RPMYFYUEULYI YDEK, ZMKHVPPL ULPTVEM P UKHDSHVE ZHTBOGYY, CHETZOKHFPK CH LBFBUFTPZHKH, TsDBM PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS FPMSHLP PFOH "DEZPMFPTSCHHCNB",. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY NI SCYMUS PDOYN YI CHDPIOPCHYFEMEK OBUYEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH UFTBOE. OP PDOBTSDSCH, CHSHRPMOSS RPTHYUEOOPE ЪBDBOYE, vTPUUPMEF VSHM UICHBUEO CHTBZPN Y RPLPOYUYM TSYOSH UBNPKHVYKUFCHPN, OE OBDESUSH TUNGKOL SA UCHPY UYMSCH. u RPUMBOYSNY PF OELPFPTSCHI RBTMBNEOFULYI DESFEMEK RTYVSHCHM FBLCE TPL, LPFPTSCHK CHRPUMEDUFCHYY VSHM BTEUFPCHBO Y HVYF. yЪ PLLLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOSH RTYEIBM rPMSH UYNPO, RPUMBOOSCHK "ZTBTSDBOULPK Y CHPEOOOPK PTZBOYBGYEK" DMS KHUFBOPCHMEOYS UCHSY. UYNPO U EZP ZPTSYUYN KHNPN Y IMPPDOPK TEYYNPUFSHA PLBBM uPRTPFYCHMEOYA VPMSHYE HUMKHZY. NI VSHHM KHVYF CHTBZPN OBLBOKHOYE PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. OBLPOEG, CH mPODPO YYASCHYMY TSEMBOYE RTYEIBFSH ZHYMIR, yBTMSH chBMEO, CHSEOP, dBOYMSH NEKET Y DTHZIE.

nPY VEUEDSCH U FYNY MADSHNY, CH VPMSHYOUFCHE UCHPEN NPMPDSHNY, RSHMLYNY, OBUFPKYYCHSHNY CH VPTSHVEY CH UCHPYI UFTENMEOYSI, RPLBUBMY NOE, DP LBLPK UFEREOY VSHM DYULTED CHHYFYTPCHBOT CHBCHYYK CH UFTBOE CH NPNEOF LBFBUFTPZHSHCH. dCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS VSHMP OE FPMSHLP CHURSHCHYLPK OBEK DP LTBKOPUFY PUMBVMEOOPK PVPTPPOSH. pOP RPTPTsDBMP FBLCE OBDETSDH TUNGKOL SA PVPCHMEOYE. Eumi FPMSHLP UPRSTPFICHMEEEE OU TBOBRUMCHMYFUS RPUMA RPEDSHECH, NPTSOP VSHMP Obdesfshus, YuFP Pop Uthobzpn Zmkhvpley Rtepvtbbboykboy Chuke Uyutpley Khuimyk Obgyy. CHUCFTEYUBSUSH U THLPCHPDYFEMSNY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS TUNGKOL SA NPK RTYYSHCHCH, S DKHNBM, YuFP, NPTsEF VSHFSH, FE YI OYI, LFBOEFUS CH TSICHHCHI, PVTBCHAF CHPLTH, PVTBCHAF CHPL, YK PE YNS PVEEEUEMPCHYUEULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI RTYOGYRPCH. OP LFP VSHMP VSH TEBMSHOP MYYSH RTY HUMPCHYY, UFP, LPZDB NYOHEF PRBUOPUFSH, POY RPDYYOSFUS FPK DYUGYRMYOE KHNB Y YUKHCHUFCH, VEЪ LPFPTPK OYUEZP OE UDEMBEYSH ABOUTMPLFFI Y UB.

PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE, OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF, LPZDB S DPMTSEO VSCHM U UPZMBUYS CHUEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y PF UCHPEZP YNEOY RTPCHPZMBUYFSH GEMSH, L LPFPTPK NSCH UFTENYMYUSH. bFPK GEMSHA VSHMP PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE CH RPMOPN UNSHUME UMPCHB, FP EUFSH PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE LBL YUEMPCHELB, FBL Y TPDOYOSCH. na may RTPCHPZMBUYM EE CH ZHTNE NBOYZHEUFB, RTYOSFPZP oBGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN RPUME FPZP, LBL PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y NPI RTEDUFBCHYFEMY PE ZhTBOGYY CHYEEN UBBMY PNO. h NBOYZHEUFE WITH ЪБСЧМSM, YuFP, TEYCH PFUFPSFSH UCHPVPDH, YUEUFSH Y VEJPRBUOPUFSH ZhTBOGYY CH NYTE RKHFEN HOYUFPTSEOYS CHTBZB, NSCH OBNETECHBENUS BFSHBOFYБ ЦДПК ЖТБОКХЦЭОLe, УНИОЧ ОЭДПУФПКОШЧК ТЦYН, RTY LPFPTPN NOPZIE ZTBTSDBOE VSHYESCHI Y. fBLYN PVTBBPN, S PUKhTSDBM LBL "FPF NPTBMSHOSCHK, UPGYBMSHOSCHK, RPMYFYUEULYK Y LLPOPNYUEULIK TETSIN, LPFPTSCHK RBM PE CHTENS RPTBTSEOYS", FBL Y "TETSYN, LIYK CH TE'KHMSHUFKHFKH." y MAY KHFCHETTSDBM: “pVAEDYOSSUSH DMS RPVEDSCH, ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD UPEDIOSEFUS DMS TECHPMAGYY.” nBOYZHEUF VSHM PRHVMYLPCHBO 23 YAOS 1942 PE CHUEI RPDRPMSHOSCHI ZBEFBI PVEYI ЪPO Ъ Ъ Ъ Ъ РТДИП П ТБДИП Ъ ВБТБИ Ъ ВБТБИ ПОППБ.

h LFPF RETYPD CHTENEY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN HUMPCHYS VPTSHVSC h NEFTPRPMYY CHSCHOKHTSDBMY NEOS PUFBCHMSFSH obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH mPODPOE. pDOBLP S YUBUFP DKHNBM P RETEOUEOOYY EZP DESFEMSHOPUFY TUNGKOL SA ZHTBOGKHULHA FETTYFPTYA, OBRTYNET CH vTBЪBCHYMSH. ьFPF CHPRTPU CHUFBCHBM PUPVEOOOP PUFTP FPZDB, LPZDB CH OBUYI PFOPEYOYSI U BOZMYEK CHPOILBM LTYYU. OP CH FBLYI UMKHYUBSI S PFCHYUBM UEVE: “lBL Y ZMHVYOSCH bZhTYLY UOPUIFSHUS U TPDYOPK, ZPCHPTYFSH U OEK, THLPCHPDYFSH uPRTPPFYCHMEOYEN? b CHCHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, OBRTPFYCH, YNEAFUS CHUE OEPVIPDYNSCHE UTEDUFCHB UCHSYY YOZHPTNBGYY. l FPNH CE OBIY HUYMYS RP MYOY DYRMPNBFYUEULYI PFOPYEOIK U UPAYOSHNY RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBNY FTEVPPCHBMY UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYI LPOFBLFPCH, PVUFBOPCHLY, LPFPTSCHE YNEMYUSH BOZMYKU LPFCH UUPAYOSHNY YEOSCH TUNGKOL SA VETEZBI lPOZP. oBLPOEG, S DPMTSEO VSHCHFSH RPUFPSOOP UCHSBO U FENY OBYNYYUBUFSNY, LPFPTSHCHE NPZHF DYUMPGYTPCHBFSHUS FPMSHLP TUNGKOL SA VTYFBOULYI PUFTPCBI.”

rППФПНХ Р ЧПЧТБЭОКИ У чПУФПЛБ С ХУФБОПЧОМ УЧПА TeYDEOGYA CH mPODPOE. fBN S RTPVSHHM DEUSFSH NEUSGECH.

kasama ang RTYRPNYOBA UEKYUBU UCPA TSYOSH FPZP RETYPDB. oEFTHDOP RPCHETYFSH, YuFP POB VSHMB ЪBRPMOOOPK. lPTYUE ZPCHPTS, S RPUEMYMUS CH ZPUFYOYGE “lPOOPF”. lTPNE FPZP, S UOINBM UOBYUBMB CH MUNYTE (CH yTPRYYTE), ЪBFEN CH VETLINUFEDE VMYJ UFPMYGSH DBYUKH, CH LPFPTPK RTPCHPDYM LBTSDHA UHVVPFKH Y CHULTEUEOSH U TSEOPK Y DPUETSHA bo OPK. rPTSE NSCH RETEEIBMY CH LCHBTFBM IBNRUFED CH mPODPOE. ZHYMYRR RPUME RPUFHRMEOYS CH NPTULHA YLPMH RMBCHBEF Y CHPAEF CH bFMBOFYUEULPN PLEBOE TUNGKOL SA VPTFC LPTCHEFB "tPYEMYU", B ЪBFEN TUNGKOL SA MB-nBOYE RPNPEOILPN LPNBODITB FPTREDOPZP LBF E ьMYЪBVEF, TSYCHHEBS CH RBOUYPOBFE “dBN DE UYPO”, ZPFPCHYFUS L ЪBOSFYSN CH PLUZHTDE. rPCHUADH OBUEMEOYE FBLFYYUOP CHSTBTSBEF OBN UCHPY UINRBFYY. lBCDPE NPE PZHYGYBMSHOP RPSCHMEOYE CHUBTEYUBEFUS U CHPPDHYECHMEOYEN; BOZMYYUBOE RTPSCHMSAF CHETSMYCHHA RTEDHRTEDYFEMSHOPUFSH, LPZDB CHYDSF NEOS U UENSHEK TUNGKOL SA KHMYGE, CH LYOP YMY TUNGKOL SA RTPZHMLE CH RBTLE. fBL TUNGKOL SA UPVUFCHEOOPN PRSHCHFE S KHVETSDBAUSH CH FPN, YuFP LBTSDSCHK RTEDUFBCHYFEMSH LFPZP CHEMYLPZP OBTPDB KHCHBTsBEF UCHPVPDH DTHZYI.

YuBEE CHUEZP NPK DEOSH RTPIPPDYF CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU. FBN S CHSHCHUMKHYYCHBA PFUEFSH, RPMKHYUBA RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF ZhTBOUKHB lHME, UFBCHYEZP OBYUBMSHOILPN LBVYOEFB RPUME FPZP, LBL lHTUEMSH HEIBM CH MYCHYA LPNBOSDCHBFSHY, VKPBOSDCHBFSH ILB NPEZP YFBVB, UNEOYCHYEZP TUNGKOL SA LFPN RPUFH DCHHI MYG: rEFY, LPPTSHCHK LPNBODYTPCHBO CH nPULCHH , Y pTFPMY, LPFPTSHK LPNBODHEF LPOFTNYOPOPUGEN “fTYPNZHBO”. fBN uKHUFEMSH DPLMBDSCHBEF NOE P RPUFKHRYCHYEK UB DEOSH YOZHPTNBGYY; rBUUY-DECHBCHTEO RTYOPUYF PFUEFSHCH, RPMHYUEOOOSCHE YJ ZhTBOGYY; YKHNBO RPMKHYUBEF PF NEOS KHLBBOYS PFOPUYFEMSHOP UCHPYI CHCHUFHRMEOYK RP TBDYP. fBN S TEYBA DEMPCHCHESCHPRPTUSCH U OBGYPOBMSHOSCHNY LPNYUUBTBNYY OBYUBMSHOILBNY UMHTSV, RTOYNBA RPUEFYFEMEK YMY RTYZMBYEOOSCHY MYG, PFDBA RTYLBYSH Y YOUFTHLFSGYY, RPDRYUSH CHBA DELTE. yuBUFP S ЪBCHFTBLBA, B YOPZDB Y PVEDBA CH PVEEUFCHE UPAOSHI RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK YMY ZHTBOGKHIPCH, U LPFPTSHNYE OHTsOP RETEZPCHPTYFSH. YuFP LBUBEFUS VPMSHYPK DMS NEOS TBVPFSH RP TEDBLFYTPCHBOYA UCHPYI CHCHUFKHRMEOYK, FP S HER DEMBA DPNB RP CHEYUETBN YMY CH CHULTEUEOSH. PE CHUSLPN UMKHYUBE, S UFBTBAUSH OE NEYBFSH TBVPFE UMHTSV OETBUUEFMYCHSHN TBURTEDEMEOYEN CHTENEY. lBL RTBCHYMP, CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU OILFP, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN YYZHTPCHBMSHOPZP VATP, OPIUSHA OE TBVPFBEF.

pDOBLP S DPMTSEO VSHM EEE DEMBFSH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHYYFSHCH. OBCHYUYNP PF VEUED U BOZMYKULYNYYYUFTBNY, BUEDBOYK YFBVB, GETENPOOK, TUNGKOL SA LPFPTSHCHE NEOS RTYZMBYBEF BOZMYKULPE YMY DTHZPE UPAЪOPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFChP mPODPOE. "ZhTBOGKHULYK YOUFYFHF", UTBH TSE RTYUPEDYOYCHYKUS L OBYENH DEMH CH MYGE UCHPEZP DITELFPTB RTPZHEUUPTB UPTB, RTEDPUFBCHMSEF OBYN UPPFEYUEFCHEOILBN GEOOSHCHPNPTSOPU FYPKY DMS BFHYPKO. “ZhTBOGKHULPE PVAEDYOEOEYE” RTDDPMTSBEF UCHPE DEM RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN FENKHOB Y NBDNHBEMSH UBMSHNPO. “DPN YOUFYFKHFB ZHTBOGYY” CHRMPFSH DP FPZP CHEYUETB, LPZDB PO VSHHM TBTHYEO VPNVBNY, RPIPPTPOYCH RPD PVMPNLBNY UCHPEZP BDNYOYUFTBFPTB tPVETB lTA, DPUFBCHMSEF YUCHMYPEKHYBNE OFFERNO BGYA. “dTHЪSHS ZHTBOGKHULYI DPVTPPCHPMSHGECH” -PVEEUFChP, THLPCHPDYNPE MPTDPN fYTTEMMPN, MPTDPN DE MB xPTT, MPTDPN bKCHPTPN yuetyuimmen Y UPUFPSEE ZMBCHOSCHN PN YЪ BOZBLMYUBOl PB YЪ BOBLMYUBOl US zhTBOGYY" CH yPFMBODYY RPD RTEDUEDBFEMSHUFCHPN OBEZP DTHZB MPTDB yochetlmbkdb PLBSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULIN VPTGBN KHNEMKHA Y CHEMYLPDHYOKHA RPNPESH . “zhTBOGKHULBS FPTZPCHBS RBMBFB” RPUTEDDOYUBEF CH FPCHBTPPVNEOE NETSDH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYEK Y FETTYFPTYSNY, RTYUPEDYOYCHYNYUS L “uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY”. “rTYENOSCHK GEOFT “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” VETEF TUNGKOL SA UCHPE RPREYOOYE CHUEI RTYVSHCHBAEYI U TPDYOSCH. “ZhTBOGKHULYK ZPURYFBMSH” MEYUYF NOPZYI OBUYI TBOEOSCHI. xYUBUFCHHS CH DESFEMSHOPUFY CHUEI LFYI PTZBOYBGYK, S UFTENMAUSH KHLTERYFSH CH BOZMYY, LBL Y RPCHUADH, OBUKH OBGYPOBMSHOHHA UPMYDBTOPUFSH.

“buUPGYBGYS ZHTBOGKHPCH CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY” PLBSHCHCHBEF NOE BLFYCHOHA RPNPESH. ynEOOP POB PTZBOYKHEF OUEULPMSHLP NBUUPCHSCHI NYFYOZPCH U KHYUBUFYEN ZTBTSDBOULZP OBUEMEOYS Y CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. fY NYFYOZY DBAF CHPNPTSOPUFSH: NOE CHUFTEFYFSHUS U ZHTBOGKHBNY, RTYUHFUFCHHAEIN CHSHCHULBBFSH UCHPY KHVETSDEOYS, B NEFTPRPMYY -KHUMSHCHYBFSH RP TBDYP OBIY TEYUFY RPCBHBYE. xCE 1 NBTFB 1941 H LYOZUKHK-IPMME RETED NOPZPFSHUSYuOPK BHDYFPTYEK WITH PREDEMYM OBUH ЪBDББУХ й ФЧЭТПЧШЧТБЪМ PANGKALAHATANG OBDETSCH. 15 OPSVTS CH PVIYTOPN ЪBME bMSHVETF-IPMMB, DP PFLBЪB ЪBRPMOEOOPN UPVTTBCHYNYUS, S FPTCEUFCHEOOP RTPCHPZMBUYM FTY PUOPCHOSHI RPMPTSEOYS OBYEK RPMYFYLY.

"UNSHUM RECHPZP RPMPTSEOYS, ULBJBM S, UPUFPYF CH FPN, YuFPVSH CHPECHBFSH, FP EUFSH RTYDBFSH CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYYK TBNBI Y CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYE NPEY KHYMYSN ZHTBOGKH ЪПЛП ЪПЛП ЪПЛП ЪПЛП ьФИ ХУМИС NSCH RTEDRTYOINBEN FPMSHLP RP ЪПЧХ ЖТBOГYYY CHE YOFETEUBI.” ъBFEN, TEYYFEMSHOP PUKhTsDBS LBL DPCHPEOOOSCHK TETSYN, FBL Y TETSYN chYYY, S ЪBSCHYM: “nSh UYFBEN OEPVIPDYNSCHN, YUFPVSH NPZHYUBS Y GEMYFEMSHOBS CHPMOB Y BFBUFTPZHSC CHNEUFE UP CHUEK OBDUFTPKLPK, CHPOYLYEK OBD LBRYFHMSGYEK. rP'FPNH CHFPTPPE RPMPTSEOYE OBYEK RPMYFYLY FTEVHEF RTEDPUFBCHYFSH UMPChP OBTPDH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVShchFYS RPJCHPMSF ENKH UCHPVPDOP CHSHCHULBBFSH, YuEZP SA IPUEF Y YuEZP." OBLPOEG, CH FTEFSHEN RPMPTSEOYY MAY OBNEYUBM PUOPCHSHCH, TUNGKOL SA LPFPTSCHI, RP OBYENH NOEOYA, DPMTSOSCH UFTPYFSHUS PVOPCHMEOOOSHE YOUFYFHFSCH ZhTBOGYY. “fY PUOPCHSHCH, ZPCHPTYM S, PRTEDEMSAFUS FTENS DECHYBNY UCHPVPDOSCHI ZHTBOGHPCH. NSH ZPCHPTYN: "YUEUFSH Y TPDYOB", YNES CH CHYDH, YuFP OBGYS NPTSEF CHPTPDYFSHUS FPMSHLP CH TEKHMSHFBFE RPVEDSCH, YuFP POB NPTsEF UKHEEUFChPChBFSH FPMSHLP LBL CHEMILBS OBGYS. NSH ZPCHPTYN: “uChPVPDB, TBCHEOUFCHP Y vTBFUFChP”, RPFPNKH UFP NSCH IPFYN PUFBFSHUS CHETOSCHNY DENPLTBFYUEULYN RTYOGYRBN. NSCH ZPCHPTYN "PUCHPVPTSDEOYE", YVP EUMY OBY HUYMYS OE PUMBVOKHF DP RPvedsch OBD CHTBZPN, YI OBCHETYOEYEN DPMTSOP SCHYFSHUS UP'DBOYE DMS LBTSDPZP ZHTBOGKHB FBTHBOGKHB FBLYI HUMPCHVLLFPY finery, UPTBOSS YUKHCHUFChP UPVUFCHOOOPZP DPUFPYOUFCHB.”

fPZDB RTYUHFUFCHHAEYE, PICHBUEOOSCH ZMHVPLYN CHPMOOYEN, VHTOP CHSTBTSBAF UCHPY YUKHCHUFCHB BOFKHYBBNB, Y CHTSCHCH BOFKHYBNB TBOPUYFUS DBMELP ЪB RTED EMSH bMSHVETF-IPMMB.

fBLYE UPTBOYS VSCHHBAF TEDLP. rTPYYCHPDS YOURELFPTULYE UNPFTSCH, S YBUFP RPUEEBA OBUYI DPVTPCPMSHGECH. OBOY UYMSCH, OBENOSCH, NPTULYE Y CHP'DKHYOSCH, IPFS Y PUEOSH OEVPMSHYYE Y TBUUESOOSCH, UPUFBCHMEOOOSCH OBNY Y TBTPYOOOSCHY YUBUFEK Y RPDTBDEMEOYK, RTEDUFBCHMSAF UPVPK GE FERTO . PTZBOYBGYPOOSCHK RMBO, LPFPTSCHK S DBM CHPEOOPNH, CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH Y CHPEOOP-CHPDHYOPNH LPNYUUBBTBN TUNGKOL 1942, FPYuOP CHSHRPMOSEFUS. kasama ang KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN RTY RPUEEEEY YUBUFEK, DYUMPGYTPCHBOOSCHI CH BOZMYY, LPZDB UPMDBFSCH, CHYDS CHVMYY FPZP, LPZP POY OBSCHBAF “vPMSHYPK yBTMSH”, UCHPYNY CHZMSDBPINY, UCHPYNY CHVMSDBPINY HYUEVKH, CHSTBTSBAF ENKH UCPA YULTEOOAA RTYCHSBOOPUFSH.

y CHUEK OBJEK OEVPMSHYPK BTNYY, LPFPTBS UTBTSBEFUS H bZhTYLE Y TUNGKOL SA CHPUFPLE, TUNGKOL SA BOZMYKULPK YENME OBIPDSFUS FPMSHLP HYUEVOSCH GEOFTSHCH. OP CH OYI PVKHYUBEFUS VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH OBUYI LBDTPCH. h MBZETE LENVETMY RPMLPCHOIL TEOKHBT RTEDUFBCHMSEF NOE VBFBMSHPO EZETEK, BTFYMMETYKULYK DYCHYIPO, FBOLPCHSHCHK ULBDTPO, PFTSD YOTSEETOSCHI CHPKUL RPDTBDEMEOYE UCHSYCHLBTSHULBUE UCHSYCHULTSHULBUE REGYBMYUFPCH. kasama ang RTPIPTSKH BTFYMMETYKULYK RBTL, ZDE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN NBKPTB VHF RTYCHPDYFUS CH RPTSDPL ZHTBOGKHULBS FEIOILB, RTYCHEOOBS TBOEE CH CHEMILPVTYFBOYA FSHMPCHSHNY UMHTSVBN Y OPTCHETSULCHMY Y YNY Y ZHTBOGYY PE CHTENS CHTBTSEULPZP OBEUFCHYS. PTHTSYE, VPERTYRBUSHCH, NBYOSCH YURPMSHKHAFUS DMS PUOBEEOOYS OPCHSHHI ZHTNYTPCHBOYK OBTSDKH U FEIOILPK, RPUFBCHMSENPK BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEOYEN OPCHSHHI ZHTNYTPCHBOYK OBTSDKH U FEIOILPK, RPUFBCHMSENPK BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEOYEN . RETEZPCHPTBNY Y RTBLLFYUEULYN CHSHRPMOEEOYEN LFPC CHBTsOPK ЪBDБУй ЪBOYNBEFUS UMKHTSVB CHPPTHTSEOYS RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN RPMLPCHOILB nPTEOB. PE CHTENS BCHYBGYPOOPK LBFBUFTPZHSCH RTY YURPMOOY UMKHTSEVOSCHI PVSBOOPUFEK LFPF RTELTBUOSCHK PZHYGET ZYVOEF, Y EZP RPUF ЪBOYNBEF NBKPT ZYTY. h , UBOYFBTPL, UELTEFBTEC. chTENS PF CHTENEY S OBETSBA CH nPMCHETO, B ЪBFEN CH tiVTUZHPTD L "LBDEFBN UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". h 1940 S UPЪDBM ьФХ YЛПМХ, RTEDOBOBYOOOHA DMS UFKhDEOFPCH Y HYUBEYIUS, RETEEIBCHYI CH BOZMYA. chULPTE NSCH RTECHTBFYMY EE CH PZHYGETULHA YLPMH, LPFPTPK LPNBODHEF NBKPT vPDKHO. rSFSH EE CHSCHHRHULPC DBMY 211 LPNBODYTPCH CHJCHPDPCH, YЪ OYI 52 RBMY CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. oYUFP OE PVPDTSEF FBL ZMBCHH UCHPVPDOSHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH, LBL LPOFBLF U LFK NPMPDETSHA, OBDETSDPK TUNGKOL SA CHPTPTSDEOOYE RPNETLYYEK UMBCSHCH ZHTBOGYY.

h FP CHTENS LBL RPDTBDEMEOYS OBENOSHI CHPKUL, OBIPDSEYEUS CH CHEMILPVTYFBOYY, RTPIPDSF PVHYUEOYE, YUFPVSH UBFEN UTBTSBFSHUS TUNGKOL SA TBMYUOSHI ZHTPOFBI, OBUY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE CHEMILPVTYFBOYY BI, KHUBUFCHHAF CH VYFCHE TUNGKOL SA LPNNHOILBGYSI CH BFMBOFYLE, MB-nBOYE, TUNGKOL SA UECHETOPN NPTE , H bTLFYLE. dms bfpzp nshch dpmtsosch rpmshjpchbfshus VBBBNY UPAЪOILPC. h UBNPN DEME, X OBU OEF OEPVIPDYNSHI NBFETYBMPCH DMS TENPOFB, UPDETSBOYS Y UOBVTSEOYS OBUYI UHDHR. FEN VPMEE NSCHOE NPTSEN UOBVDYFSH YI OPCHSHCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY: rchp, ZYDTPMPLBFPTBNY, TBDBTBNY Y DT., RTYNEOOYS LPFPTSCHI FTEVHEF TBCHYFYE CHPEOOOPK FEIOIL. oBLPOEG, TUNGKOL SA PVIYTOPN FEBFTE CHPEOOP-NPTULYI PRETBGYK, GEOFTPN LPFPTSCHI SCHMSEFUS BOZMYS, OEPVIPDYNP FEIOYUUEULPE Y FBLYUEULPE EDYOUFCHP HUIMYK.

ChPF RPYUENH, IPFS UKhDB, ​​​​LPFPTSCHE NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN, OBIPDSFUS CH RPMOPN OBYEN TBURPTSSEOYY, OEBCHYUYNP PF YI RTPYUIPTSDEOOYS, IPFS SING CHUE RMBCHBAF RPD FTEIGCHEFOSCHN FTEIGCHEFOSCHN ZHMBSHLPCHSA BOGKHYULYN KHUFBCHBN, IPFS POY CHSHCHRPMOSAF RTYLBYSH FPMSHLP UCHPYI OBYUBMSHOYLPCH, LPTPUUE ZPCHPTS, IPFS TUNGKOL SA ZHMF PUFBEFUS YUUFP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHN, CHUE TSE, ЪB TEDLINE YULMAYUEOYEN, LPZDB NSCH YURPMSHJKHEN EZP OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP, NI RTOINBEF KHUBUFYE ZMBCHOSCHN EVPCHVETBYЪHIPN CHIPCHVETBYЪ UBOBNY. chRTPYUEN, LFP YDEF ENKH TUNGKOL SA RPMSHЪKH, FBL LBL PO CHLMAYUBEFUS CH UYUFENKH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOKHA RP VPEURPUPVOPUFY, DYUGYRMYOE, BLFYCHOPUFY. UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSCH BOZMYUBOE, PGEOYCHBS RP DPUFPYOUFCHH OBUH RPNPESH, PLBYSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULYN CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN YTPLHA NBFETYBMSHOKHA RPDDETTSLH, YI BTUESOB CHFPDYFSH, YI BTUEVOBSHCH FPDY CH RPTSDPL Y UOBVTSBFSH OBIY UKHDB, OEUNPFTS TUNGKOL SA TBMYYUYE FYRPCH Y CHPPTHTSEOYS. OPCHSCHE NBFETYBMSHCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOSEF BOZMYKULYK ZHMPF, OENEDMEOOOP RPUFBCHMSAFUS Y OBYENKH ZHMPFKH. OPCHSCHE UKHDB: LPTCHEFSHCH Y LBFETB, RPTSE ZHTEZBFSCH, UNYOGSHCH, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY -RETEDBAFUS OBN RTSNP U CHETZHEK. eUMY OBY OEVPMSHYPK ZHMPF UNPZ UCHZTBFSH UCHPA TPMSH Y RPDDETTSBFSH YUEUFSH ZHTBOGKHULPZP PTHTSYS TUNGKOL SA NPTSI, LFYN SA PVSBO LBL RPNPEY UPAJOILCH, FBL Y BUMHZBN OBYI NP TSLPCH.

s KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN LBTSDSCHK TB, LPZDB OBCHEEBA RPDTBBDEMEOYS ZHMPFB CH ZTYOPLE, rPTFUNKHFE, lBKHUE, dBTFNHFE. hYUYFSHCHBS IBTBLFET VPTSHVSH, B FBLCE OEVPMSHYKHA YUYUMEOOPUFSH OBUYI NPTSLPC, NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN FPMSHLP NBMSHCHE UHDB. oP FY LPTBVMY "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" U YUEUFSHA DEMBAF CHUE, YFP CH YI UIMBI.

rTETSDE CHUEZP NSCH CHPPTHTSYMY, LPOYUOP, UKHDB, LPFPTSHCHE RTYVSHCHMY YJ ZhTBOGYY. l CHUOE 1942 YI OBYI RFY RETCHSHCHI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL PUFBAFUS “TAVI”, “NYOETCH”, “TSAOPO”, LPFPTSHCH OPTCHETSULYI, DBFULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPDBI BFBLCHTBFSHFMY, NYOETCH, NYTBTSFSH, NYOETCH, CH; "OBTCHBM" YUYUEY KH nBMSHFSCH CH DELBVTE 1940; "uATLHZH" VSHM RPFPRMEO CH ZHECHTBME 1942. lPOFTNYOPOPUGSH "fTYPNZHBO", "MEPOBT", NYOPOPUGSH "NEMSHRPNEO" Y "VHLMSHE" CH FEYOOYE OEULPMSHLYI NEUSGECH ULPTFYTPCHBMY PBYEBOYECHBOYECHLBYECHBOYECHBOYECHLBYECHBOYUCHLBYECHLBYECHBOYUCHLBYECHLBYEMBYEMBYECHBOYUCHBMY BYE ъBFEN "fTYPNZHBO" VSHM PFRTBCHMEO TUNGKOL sa fYIYK PLEBO, "mePRBT" RTYVSHHM CH ATSOKHA bZHTYLKH; RPTSE SA PUHEEUFCHMSM UCHSSH U PUFTPPCHPN TEAOSHPO Y OBLPOEG RPFETREM LPTBVMELTHYE OYE VMY fPVTHLB. "NEMSHRPNEO" RETEYEM CH UECHETOPE NPTE. “vHLMSHE” RTECHTBFYMUS CH PDYO YI OBIYI HYUEVOSCHI LPTBVMEK. yЪ OBYI RSFY RPUSCHMSHOSHCHI UHDHR FTY, “UBCHPTOSHSO DE VTBJB”, “lPNNBODBO dAVPL”, “lPNNBODBO dPNYOE”, LHTUYTHAF X VETEZPCH bZhTYLY; "nPLE" RPNPZBEF PITBOSFSH LPNNHOILBGYY CH YTMBODULPN NPTE; “YECHTEK” RBFTKHMYTHEF CH PLEBOYY, CH TBKPOE OHNEB, Y RTYUPEDYOSEF 27 NBS 1942 L “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” PUFTPPCHB xPMMYU Y ZHAFAOB. dChB FTBMSHAILB, "lPOZT" Y "MAUSHEO-tsBO", CHSHRPMOSAF UCHPY FTHDOSH PVSBOOPUFY TUNGKOL SA RPDUFHRBI L BOZMYKULIN RPTFBN. DEUSFSH NPTULYI PIPFOILLPCH RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH RTYLTSHCHFYY UPAYYUEULYI FTBOURPTFPCH NETSDH lPTOHMMPN Y rB-DE-LBME. FERETSH YI FPMSHLP CHPUENSH, FBL LBL DCHB YI OYI VSHMY RPFPRMEOSCH. VSHMY CHCHEDEOSH CH UFTPK YEUFSH RBFTHMSHOSHI UKHDPCH: “rKHMSHNYL”, ЪBFPOHCHYYK X rMYNKhFB CH OPSVTE 1940, “CHYLYOZ”, RPZYVYK CH PFLTSCHFPN NPTE X VERPCHFBOCH , YDBO PODAU", "tHO DE ZhMP", RTDDPMTsBAEIK VPTPЪDYFSH NPTS, "MEPOYMSH", YURPMSHЪHAEIKUS CH LBUEUFCHE RMBCHHYUEK VBSHCH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB. CHURPNPZBFEMSHOSHCHK LTEKUET "LBR DE RBMSHN" LHTUYTHEF NETSDH UYDOEEN Y OKHNEB. YuEFSHTE RMBCHHYUYE VBSHCH, "KhTBZBO", "bNSHEO", "bTTBU" Y "DYMICBOF", LPNRMELFHAF "NPTULKHA YUBUFSH" RPTFB zTYOPL Y VBH LYRBTSEK "vYT-iBLEKN" rPTFUNKHFB, Z DE PVHUNKHFB. uFBTSHCHK VTPOEOPUEG "lHTV" CHSHRPMOSEF TPMSH HYUEVOPZP GEOFTB DMS TELTHFPCH, NBUFETULYI, ULMBDB VPERTYRBUPCH Y RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHYS. oBIPDSUSH TUNGKOL SA SLPTE TUNGKOL SA rPTFUNKHFULPN TEKDE, NI RPDDETSYCHBEF UCHPEK BTFYMMETYEK PVPTPOH bFPZP LTHROPZP RPTFS.

h UPUFBCH OBEZP OEVPMSHYPZP ZHMPFB CHIPDSF FBLCE LPTBVMY, RPMKHYUEOOOSCH X BOZMYUBO. bFP RTETSDE CHUEZP LPTCHEFSHCH, RPUFTPEOOOSCH RPUME OBYUBMB CHPKOSH DMS RTYLTSCHFYS LBTBCHBOPCH. fY LPTCHEFSH VEURTETSHCHOP PITBOSAF LPNNHOILBGYY NETSDH BOZMYEK, YUMBODYEK, OSHABHODMEODPN Y lBOBDK. OBN VSHHMY RETEDBOSH DECHSFSH LPTCHEFPCH: “bMYUE”, RPZYYYK CH VPA CH NBTFE 1942, “NYNPJB”, ЪBFPOHCHYYK URKHUFS FTY NEUSGB CHNEUFE U OBIPDICHYYNUS TUNGKOL SA EZP VPTFKH LPTFYTPYLBOFFYLPPOLYBOBODY PN 2-ZP TBZB VYTP, “blPOIF”, “mPVEMYS” , “tPYEMYU”, “TEOPOLAMSH” “lPNNBODBO D”fSHEO D”pTCh”, “lPNNBODBO dTPZH”, “lPNNBODBO DEFTKHBKB”. l YYUMH RPMHYUEOOOSCHI OBNY UHDPC FBLCE PFOPUSFUS CHPUENSH FPTREDOSCHI LBFETPCH 28-K ZHMPFYMYY, VPTPJDSEYE TUNGKOL SA VPMSHYPK ULPTPUFY MB-NBOY Y BFBLHAEYE CHTBTSEULYE CTBTSEULYE FTAFSBVPILPHA OFFBOURPTFMYSH HDPMSH RPVETETSSHS ZhTBOGYY. lTPNE FPZP, OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH CHPUENSH NPFPTOSHHI LBFETPCH, PVTBKHAEYI 20-A ZHMPFYMYA, LPFPTBBS DEKUFCHHEF CH MB-NBOYE UPCHNEUFOP U OBYNYY PIPFoilbny ZhtbogkhULGY Y. chRTPYUEN, NSCH ZPFPCHYNUS L CHPPTHTSEOYA UPCHETYEOOOP OPCHSCHI UHDHR. NOPZIE Y ZHTEZBFPCH, LPFPTSCHE OBYUYOBAF CHSHCHIPDYFSH YY BOZMYKULYI BTUEOBMPCH, UTBH TSE RPUME UrKHULB TUNGKOL SA CHPDH RTEDPUFBCHMSAFUS CH OBUYE TBURPTTSEOYE UPAJOILBNY. NSHCH CHSMY YUEFSHTE YI OYI: “delkhchetf”, “bChBOFAT”, “uATRTY”, “lTHB DE mPTIO”. ъB OBNY PUFBCHMEOSCH FBLCE NYOPOPUEG "lPNVBFBO", RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY "LATY" Y "dPTYU", UFTPIFEMSHUFCHP LPFPTSCHI ЪBLBOYUYCHBEFUS. OBN IPFEMPUSH VSH RTYPVTEUFY Y DTHZYE LPTBVMY, LPFPTSHCHE HCHEMYYUMY VSC YUYUMP RPFPRMEOOOSHI OBNY CHTBTSEULYI RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL, FTBOURPTFPCH, UFPTPTSCHSHHI UHDHR Y YUHIYUMPME UVYFSHC OP OBYB TPMSH Y TBENBI DEKUFCHYK PZTBOYUYCHBAFUS OE OEDPUFBFLPN UHDHR, B OEICHBFLPK MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB.

hCE L YAOA 1942 700 NPTSLPC “UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” RPZYVMY ЪB TPDYOH. OBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH OBUYFSHCHBAF 3600 YUEMPCHEL RMBCHUPUFBCHB. l OIN CE OHTsOP PFOEUFY VBFBMSHPO UFTEMLPCH RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN bNYP D'OCHYMS, LPFPTSCHK OBNEOM DEFTKHBKB, RPZYVYEZP TUNGKOL SA RPME VTBOY OP-NPTULYI LPNBODPCBOYEN bNYP D'OCHYMS, LPPFPTSCHK OBNEOM DEFTKHBKB, RPZYVYEZP TUNGKOL SA RPME VTBOY OP-NPTULYI MEFUYULLPCH, PVPTSOFPUBSHFCH, OPPTSOFFPSHUBCH, OPPTSOFPUBSHH. YUBUFSH, UMHTSBF CH OBLPOEG, UADB CE. PFOPUSFUS DEUBOFOP-DYGETENPOOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS, LPFPTSCHE PVHYUBAFUS CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOY RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN LBRYFBO-MEKFEOBOFB LYZHZHETB h NBE NEUSGE S RTYYYE L UPZMBYEOYA U BOZMY KULINE BDNYTBMPN MPTDPN nBHOFVFFEOPN {183} , PFCHEFUFCHEOOSCHN ЪB RTPchedeoye "LPNVYOTPCHBOOSHI PRETBGYK", PV KHUMPCHYSI YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS LFYI TCHHEYIUS CH VPK CHPKUL. CHULPTE SING RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH UNEMSHI OBMEFBI TUNGKOL SA ZHTBOGKHULPE RPVETETSHE.

oby MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH LPNRmelFPCHBMUS OBRPMPCHYOH YJ NPTSLPC, OBIPDICHYIUS CH 1940 ZPDH CH BOZMYY. h zBVPOE, TUNGKOL SA VMYTSOEN chPUFPLE OELPFPTSHCHE RTYUPEDYOMYUSH L OBN RPUME FPZP, LBL UTBTSBMYUSH RTPPHYCH OBU. fBL VSHMP U LLRBTsBNY RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "bSLU", ЪБФПОХЧИЕК Х dBLBTБ, RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "рПУЭМе", ЪББФРМЭООНПКА ТПН Х rПТФ-ЦBOФИМС, RPUSHMSHOPZP UKHDOB "vHZOCHYM" Ш", LPFPTPPE NSCHCHCHOCHTSDEOSCH VSHCHMY CHSHCHEUFY YJ UFTPS TUNGKOL SA TEKDE MYVTECHYMS. chTENS PF CHTENEY L OBN RTYUPEDYOSAFUS PFDEMSHOSH LBDTPPCHCHES NPTSLY, RTYVSHCHCHBAEYE YJ ZhTBOGYY, UECHETOPK bZhTYLY, bMELUBODTYY, U BOFYMSHULYI PUFTPPCHCH, U dBMSHOFPPLBP. h CHPEOOP-NPTULPC ZHMPF OBVYTBEFUS NBLUINBMSHOPE LPMYUUEUFCHP NMPDSCHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH YYUYUMB OBIPDSEYIUS H BOZMYY, bNETYLE, MECHBOFE, EZYRFE, TUNGKOL SA PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET. oBLPOEG, FPTZPCHSHCHE LPTBVMY RTEDPUFBCHMSAF CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN VPMSHYKHA YUBUFSH UCHPEZP RETUPOBMB. UBNPC FSTSEMPK ЪBDBUEK DMS CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP LPNYUUBTYBFB SCHMSEFUS RPRPMOEOYE LPTBVMEK LPNBODOSHCHN UPUFBCHPN. EZP RTYIPDIFUS LPNRMELFPCHBFSH YI UBNSHCHI TBMYUOSCHI, ЪBYUBUFHA OERPDZPFPCHMEOOOSCHI MADEK, OE UYYFBSUSH U YI UREGYBMSHOPUFSHA. x OBU NBMP LBDTPCHSHCHI PZHYGETPCH. NSHCH PURMOSEN YI OEDPUFBUKH ЪB UUEF PVHYUEOYS NPMPDETSY. rPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN LBRYFBOPC 2-ZP TBZB ChYFYEMS Y ZEKTBMS, RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBCHYI “YLPMSHOSHCHN PFDEMPN”, NPTULBS YLPMB “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” TBFETBFSHCHBEFBOGY TBCHEPDCHBFEMSHOP PT FYUSHE" Y YIKHO "fHBMSH" Y "VEMSH rKHMSH". ъB YUEFSHTE CHSHCHRKHULB POB DBMB 80 LBODYDBFPCH TUNGKOL SA PZHYGETULYK YUYO. CHUE UCHPY URPUPVOPUFY PFDBMY ZHTBOGKHULPNH CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH ZHMPFKH LFY MADI, ЪBLBMEOOSCH U UBNPZP OBYUBMB ZPTEUFSHA, VYFCHBNY Y OBDETSDBNY. U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH YYTPPL YURPMSHKHEN CH OBUYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI UIMBI LBDTSH PZHYGETPCH EBRBUB, LPFPTSCHI VETEN U FPTZPCHSHHI LPTBVMEK YY UTEDSH RETUPOBMB UHGLPZP LB OBMBZP LB OBMBZP. dCHEUFY LBODYDBFPCH, OBVTBOOSHI FBLYN PVTBBPN, RTPUFPSF TUNGKOL CHBIFE TUNGKOL SA VPTFCH ZHTEZBFPCH, LPTCHEFPC, LBFETPCH Y FTBMSHEYLPCH CH PVEEK UMPTSOPUFY VPMEE NYMMYPOB YUBUPCH.

oEUNPFTS TUNGKOL SA LFY UPLTBEEOYS CH MYUOPN UPUFBCHE, YUBUFSH ZHTBOGKHYULPZP FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB, OBIPDSEBSUS CH MBZETE UPAYOLPCH, PLBSCCHBEF YN OBYUYFEMSHOHA RPNPESH. йЪ 660 RBUUBTSYTULYI FPZPCHSHCHI CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 2700 FSCHUSYU FPOO, LPFPTSHCHE RTYOBDMETSBMY ZHTBOGYY CH OBYUBME CHPKOSHCH, 170 LPTBVMEK CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 70FYU FPOOYHD HBFSH CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI RPUME ЪBLMAYUEOYS "RETENYTYS". ObyB UMKHTSVB FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nBMZMCHB Y VEOTsBOB, B RPJDOEE UNEKETUB Y BODAU-ZhBTYYB LPNRMELFHEF ZHTBOGKHULYY LYRBTSBNY VPMSHYPE YUYUMP UHDHR. lTPNE FPZP, LFB UMKHTSVB KHYBUFCHHEF H HRTBCHMEOYY OBYNYY UKHDBNY, OBIPDSEYNYUS H BOZMYUBO; CH LFPN UMKHYUBE TSDPN U BOZMYKULIN ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHN ZHMBZPN TUNGKOL SA LPTNE YMY TUNGKOL SA NBYUFE LPTBVMEK-YZOBOOYLPCH TBCHECHBEFUS FTEIGCHEFOSCHK ZHMBZ. ъB LFPF RETYPD OBNY VSHMY PUOBEEOP 67 FPTZPCHSHCHI UHDHR CHPDPY'NEEEOYEN CH 200 FSCHUSYU FPOO. dCHBDGBFSH YЪ OYI NSCH RPFETSMY. l CHUOE 1942 YЪ PVEEZP YUYUMB 580 PZHYGETPCH Y 4300 NBFTPUPCH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB VPMEE YUEFCHETFY RPZYVMP TUNGKOL SA NPTE.

rBUUBTSYTULYE UKHDB BOINBAFUS RETECHPLPK CHPKUL. fBL, “YMSH DE ZhTBOU”, “ZHEMYLU TKHUUEMSH”, “rTEYDBO rPMSH DHNET” DPUFBCHMSAF TUNGKOL SA CHPUFPL VTYFBOULYE RPDLTERMEOYS YBCHUFTBMYYYYODYY. fTBOURPTFOSHCHE UKHDB, RETECHPЪSEYE USCHTSHE, PTHTSIE, VPERTYRBUSCH, RMBCHBAF PVSHYUOP CH UPUFBCHE LBTBCHBOPCH. yOPZDB OELPFPTSHN YI OYI RTYIPDIFUS RETEUELBFSH PLEBO CH PDYOPYULH. fY UKhDB OYLPZDB OE ЪBDETTSYCHBAFUS DPMZP CH RPTFH, ZDE YUBUFP RPDCHETZBAFUS VPNVBTDYTPCHLBN. h PFLTSCHFPN NPTE UMHTSVB HFPNYFEMSHOB Y PRBUOB. rTYIPDYFUS VSCHFSH OBYUELKH DOEN Y OPYUSHA, UFTPZP UPVMADBFSH YOUFTHLGYY, RPUFPSOOP ЪBOINBFSH UCHPY RPUFSH RP VPECHPK FTECHPZE. YuBUFP RTYIPDYFUS HYUBUFCHPCHBFSH H VPSI, UFTEMSFSH YPTHDYK, NMOYEOPUOP NBOECHTYTPCHBFSH, YuFPVSH YVETSBFSH FPTREDSH YMY VPNVSH. uMHYUBEFUS, YuFP UKHDOP RPZTHTSBEFUS Ch CHPDKH Y FSH PLBSCHCHBEYSHUS CH IMPPDOPK, RPLTSCHFPK NBUMSOSHNY RSFOBNY CHPDE, B TSDPN FPOKHF FPCBTYEY. UMHYUBEFUS FBLCE, YuFP FSH YURSHCHFSHCHBEYSH PZTPNOKHA TBDPUFSH, RTYUHFUFCHHS RTY RBDEOY CHTBTSEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB YMY OBVMADBS RSFOP NBHFB RTYOBL FPOH EEK RPDCHPDOPK MPDLY. yOPZDB FSCH UBN VSHCHBEYSH LFPNH RTYUYOPK, LBL LFP VSHMP U RTPUFSHCHN ZTHJPCHSHCHN UKHDOPN "zhPTF-VEOCE", LPFPTPPE CH NBE 1942 H PFLTSCHFPN NPTE KHOSHAZHBKHODMEODB ODB RPFPRYMPHADL.

pDOBTDSCH CH MYCHETRKHME BDNYTBM UT RETUY OPVMSH, LPNBODHAYK RETEDCHYTSEOYSNY Y VPECHSHNY DEKUFCHYSNY LPTBVMEK TUNGKOL SA CHUEN BFMBOFYUEULPN FEBFTE CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, RTYZMBODY CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK VEFPOYTPCHBOOPN RPDYENOPN KHVETSIEEE. TUNGKOL SA VPMSHYI NPTULYI LBTFBI, TBCHEYOOOSCHI RP UFEOBN, PVPOBYUBMPUSH RPUFPSOOP NEOSAEEUS TBURMPMPTSEOYE CHUEI LBTBCHBOPC UPAYOILCH, CHUEI CHPEOOSCHI LPTBVMEC, CHUEI UBSHBIRPPHCEBLUE FBOPCHMEOOOSCH YMY RTEDRPMBZBENSHE RPIYGYY ZETNBOULYI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL, UBNPMEFPCH, TEKDETCH. GEOFTBMSHOBS FEMEZHPOOBS UFBOGYS, UCHSBOOBS U CHOEYOINY MYOSNY, U TBDIPUFBOGYSNY, YYZhTPCHBMSHOSCHNY VATP Y PVUMKHTSYCHBENBS OECHPYNHFYNSCHN TSEOULIN RETUFBOGYSNY , RPYUFY VEUYKHNOP RETEDBEF RTYLBYSHCH, RPTHYUEOYS, UPPVEEOYS LPNBODPCHBOYS DBMELYN NPTULINE BDTEUBFBN Y RP RPM HUEOYS PFCHEFSH RPUMEDOYI. CHUE ZHYLUYTHEFUS TUNGKOL SA UCHEFSEYIUS FBWMYGBI. fBLYN PVTBBPN, CHEMYUBKYBS VYFCHB TUNGKOL SA LPNNHOILBGYSI RTEDUFBEF PE CHUEI UCHPYI RETYREFYSI.

TBUUNPFTECH CHUE CH GEMPN, MAY RETECHPTSKH CHZMSD TUNGKOL SA LBTFSHCH, DITO PVPOBYUEOSCH OBUY UYMSCH. kasama ang CHYTSKH YI CH RPDPVBAEYI NEUFBI, FP EUFSH FBN, ZDE POY OBYVPMEE CHUEZP DPUFPKOSH OZTBDSHCH. yN RP ŽJYTH RETEDBEFUS RTYCHEFUFCHYE ZMBCHSHCH "UChPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". OP ЪBFEN, PUПЪOBCHBS, LBL YUYUMEOOP OECHEMILY POY RP UTBCHOYA U YOPUFTBOOSCHNY UYMBNY, CH LPFPTSHCHE POY CHIDDSF, CHURPNYOBS, YuFP FBN, CH FHMPOE, lBUBVMBOLEH, BMELUBOHTBOY, dMELUBLDBOYFC KHULYE LPTBVMY, RPOINBS, LBLHA YUFPTYYUEULHA CHPNPTsOPUFSH RTEDPUFBCHMSEF LFB CHPKOB NPTULPNKH RTYYCHBOYA ZhTBOGYY, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, LBL NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF ZTKHUFSH, Y S RPLYDBA RPDYENOPE KHVETSIEE U FSCEMSCHN UETDGEN.

BOBMPZYUOPE YUKHCHUFCHP RTYNEYYCHBEFUS L NPEC ZPTDPUFY, LPZDB S CHufTEYUBAUSH U OBYNY MEFUYILBNY TUNGKOL SA FPK YMY YOPK BOZMYKULPK VBJE. ChYDS CHUE YI DPUFPYOUFCHB Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, DKHNBS P CHUEN FPN, YuFP NPZMB VSH UDEMBFS ZHTBOGKHULBS BCHYBGYS U VB CH OBEK UECHETOPK bZHTYLE, TUNGKOL sa VMYTSOEN chPUMMSHYMY YMY US, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, YuFP CHEMILPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE VPZBFUFChP TBUIPDHEFUS RP-RHUFPNKH. OP LFP ЪBUFBCHMSEF NEOS EEE VPMSHYE FTHDYFSHUS OBD FEN, YUFPVSH HUYMYS FAIRIES, LFP UNPZ RTYUPEDYOYFSHUS LP NOE, VSHMY ЪBOUEOSCH TUNGKOL SA UUEF ZhTBOGYY. eUMY S RP CHRPMOE RPOSFOSHN RTYUYOBN PFDBM TBURPTTSEOYE, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFYUILY, MEFBAEYE U BOZMYKULYI VB TUNGKOL SA BOZMYKULYI UBNPMEFBI, CHIPDAYMY CH UYUFENKH BOZMYKULPK BCHYBGYBLYY, FMYKULPK BCHYBGY SC OBUY MEFUILY RTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK EDYOPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE GEMPE. lFP VShchMP OEMEZLP UDEMBFS. uOBYUBMB OBUY UPA'OILY UPCHETYOOOP OE ЪBVPFYMYUSH PV BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY." yUIPDS YЪ RTBLLFYUEULYI UPPVTBTTSEOYK Y OEDPUFBFLB CHTENEY, POY RTYOINBMY CH UCHPY YUBUFY OELPFPTTSHI OBUYI RYMPFPCH. OP EDYOUFCHEOOP, YuFP POY NPZMY OBN RTEDMPTSYFSH, LFP CHLMAYUYFSH OBUYI DPVTPPCHPMSHGECH CH lPTPMECHULYE CHPDKHYOSCHE UYMSCH. kasama ang OE refinery U LFYN UPZMBUIFSHUS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPMPTSEOYE OBYI MEFYUYLPCH PUFBCHBMPUSH RPYUFY CH FEYOOYE ZPDB OEPRTEDEMEOOSCHN. oELPFPTSCHE YЪ OYI, PVAEDYOOOSCH PE ZHTBOGKHULYE ULBDTYMSHY, NPZMY KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH CHPDHYOSCHI VPSI CH UTYFTEE Y MYCHYY. dTHZYE, CHTEOOOP RTYOSFSHCHE CH BOZMYKULYE ULBDTYMSHY, KHYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH VYFCHE ЪB BOZMYA. OP VPMSHYOUFCHP YЪ-ЪB OEDPUFBFLB NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFY, FTEOYTPCHLY YYOSCHCHBMY PF VEDEKUFCHYS ЪB RTEDEMBNY BCHYBGYPOOSCHI VB CH BOZMYY YEZYRFE.

oP Y FB RTPVMENB VSHMB CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH TEEOB. CHEUOPK 1941 WITH UNPZ TEYYFSH RTYOGYRYBMSHOSCH CHPRPTUSCH U BOZMYKULIN NYOYUFTPN BCHYBGYY UTPN bTYUYVBMSHDPN uYOLMETPN. yuEMPCHEL YYTPLLPZP KHNB Y VMBZPTDPUFCHB, NI RPOINBM, UFP UKHEEUFChPCHBOYE BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY" OE MYYEOP RPMSHSHSH. NI UPZMBUYMUS U NPYN RTEDMPTSEOYEN P UPЪDBOY OBUYI ULBDTYMYK RP PVTBGH BOZMYKULYI. BOZMYYUBOE RTEDPUFBCHMSMY OBN OEDPUFBAEIK OBENOSCHK RETUPOBM Y PVKHYUBMY CH UCHPYI YLPMBI OBUYI MEFUYLPCH. YYMYYYEL OBYI RYMPFPCH Refinery UMHTSYFSH CH BOZMYKULYI YUBUFSI. OP SING DPMTSOSCH VSHMY OBIPDIFSHUS TUNGKOL SA RPMPTSEOY PFLPNBODITPCHBOOSCHI ZHTBOGHYULYI PZHYGETPCH, RPDYUYOOOSCHI ZHTBOGKHULYN KHUFBCHBN Y OPUSEYI ZHTBOGHYULHA ZHTNKH. 8 YAOS 1941 MAY OBRYUBM YЪ lBYTB UYTH bTYUYVBMSHDH RYUSHNP, RPDFCHETTSDBS UPZMBYYOEYE, CHSTBVPFBOOPE TUNGKOL SA LFYI PUOPCHBI RPMLPCHOILPN hBMEOPN. u FAIRY RPT LFP UPZMBYYE OEHLPUOYFEMSHOP UPVMADBMPUSH NBTYBMBNY BCHYBGYY rPTFBMPN CH mPODPOE, mPOZ-NPTPN, ЪBFEN feddetpn TUNGKOL SA chPUFPLE.

h LPOGE 1941 NSCH UPЪDBMY CH BOZMYY ULBDTYMSHA YUFTEVYFEMEK "YMSH DE ZhTBOU" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN UYFYCHP. lPZDB PO VSHHM UVYF OBD ZHTBOGYEK, PFLKHDB, CHRTPUEN, PO CHETOKHMUS, EZP ЪBNEOYM DARETSHE. TUNGKOL SA DTHZPK DEOSH RPUME OBYUBMB LBNRBOY CH UYTYY CH EZYRFE VSHCHMB UZHTNYTPCHBOB ULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU", LPFPTBS UTBTSBMBUSH UOBYUBMB CH MYCHY RPD LPNBODPCH BOYEN RPD LPNBODPCH BOYEN rPBKHTEDMYBOYEN ZDE PE ZMBCHE EE CHUFBM nHYPFF {184} , RPZYVIYK TUNGKOL SA UMEDHAEIK ZPD CH VPA U CHTBZPN. h MECHBOFE PTZBOY'HEFUS ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mPFBTYOZYS" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN rYCP. bFPF RPUMEDOYK, UVYFSHCHK URKHUFS OUEULPMSHLP OEDEMSH OBD CHTBTSEULPK FETTYFPTYEK, UKHNEM DPVTBFSHUS DP UCHPYI Y DEUSH KHNET. EZP JBNEOSEF lPTOYMSHPO-nPMYOSHE. dMS RPDDETTSLY OBUYI PRETBGYK CH UBIBTE CH TBKPOE PIETB yuBD PTZBOYPCHBOB UNEYBOOBS ULBDTYMSHS "vTEFBOSH" PE ZMBCHE U UES-RETEЪPN. CHEUOPK 1942 UPVTBOSH YUBUFSHA CH mPODPOE, YUBUFSH H TEKBLE MEFUYULY, LPFPTSHCHE RPTSE UPUFBCHSF CH TPUUYY ULBDTYMSHA, B ЪBFEN RPML "opTNBODIS". bFPK YUBUFSHHA RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBMY FAMBO, mYFFPMSHZH, B RPUME YI UNETFY rHKBD. oBLPOEG, OELPFPTSCHE YI OBUYI RYMPFPCH RETEDBOSHCH RP NPENKH RTYLBYH CH TBURPTSTSEOYE LPTPMECHULYI CHPDHYOSCHI UYM. nPTME, ZEKPMSH, ZEDC LPNBODHAF FBN ULBDTYMSHSNY. dChPE RPUMEDOYI RPZYVOKHF CH VPA. UMBChB UFPYF DPTPZP CH CHP'DKHYOSCHI UTBTSEOYSI. rPFETY BCHYBGYY “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” CH DCHB TBBB RTECHSHUIMY YUYUMEOOPUFSH DEKUFCHHAEEZP MEFOPZP UPUFBCHB.

pDOBLP EUMY NYTPCHPK IBTBLFET CHPKOSHCHCHOKHTSDBM NEOS RPUFHRBFSH FBL, YUFPVSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH RTOYINBMY KHUBUFYE CH VPSI TUNGKOL SA CHUEI FEBFTBI CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, ZMBCHOPE KHUBUFYE CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCPOHKYE BBFCHOPE KHUBUFYE TYLE CH TBKPOE, CH LPFPTPN OBYVPMEE VSHMB ЪBYOFETEUPCHBOB ZHTBOGYS. HOYUFPTSYCH YFBMSHSOULHA BTNYA CH YJYPRYY, RTEZTBDYCH OENGBN DPTPZH CH UYTYA, UBDHYYCH CH OBTPDSCHYE RPRSHFLH CHYY CHCHUFKHRYFSH RTPPFYCH UCHPVPDOPK ZHTBOGKHULPK ZHTBOGKHULPKCHBZHSHMY OFFICIAL Y, Y.

h OPSVTE 1941 BOZMYYUBOE RTEDRTYOSMY ЪDEUSH EEE PDOP OBUFHRMEOYE. eUMY VSC YN KHDBMPUSH DPUFYUSH ZTBOYGSCH fHOYUB, DMS OBU CHBTsOP VSHMP VSH RTYKFY FHDB CHNEUFE U OYNY, PLBBCH YN RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP RPNPESH CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. еUMY TSE, OBPVPTPF, CHTBZH HDBMPUSH VSH PFVTPUIFSH YI, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY VSH UDEMBFSH CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YUFPVSH RPNPYUSH YN PUFBOPCHYFSH RTPPFYCHOILB, RTETSDE CHREFYUUS EON. h MAVPN UMHYUBE NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY RTYMPTSYFSH NBLUINKHN KHUIMYK, OP UPITBOYFSH UCHPE UPVUFCHOOPE MYGP, U FEN YUFPVSH PDETSBFSH RPVEDH, RPMEYOKHA DMS zhTBOGYY.

NSH NPZMY DEKUFCHPCHFSH DCHPSLP: OBYUBFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PF PIETB uBD TUNGKOL SA ZHEGGBO UYMBNY UBIBTULPK LPMPOOSCH, DBCHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOOPK melMETLPN, MYVP CHLMAYUYFSH CH BOZMYKULDCHYMECHO ZPFPCHE CH MECHBOFE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN mBTNYOB. kasama ang TEYM PUHEEUFCHYFSH PVB CHBTYBOFB, OP FBL, YUFPVSH DEKUFCHYS OBUYI UPMDBF RTYOEUMY RTSNHA RPMSHЪKH ZTBOGYY.

ъBICHBF ZHEGGBOB Y RPUMEDHAEIK NBTY TUNGKOL SA FTYRPMY RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK PRETBGYA, UPRTTSSEOOKHA U VPMSHYYN TYULPN. еUMY VSH POBO OE KHDBMBUSH, ITS DPMZP OECHPNPTSOP VSHMP VSC CHPPVOPCHYFSH YI-YB OEVSHCHBMSHHI FTHDOPUFEK, UCHSBOOSCHI U ZHPTNYTPCHBOYEN, UBTSCEOYEN Y UOBVTSESOCHBTBu LPMPOY. bFB LPMPOOB DPMTSOB VSHMB DEKUFCHPCHFSH CHUENY UYMBNY FPMSHLP FPZDB, LPZDB BOZMYUBOE, CHOPCHSH PCHMBDECH LITEOBYLPK, CHYMY VSHCH FTYRPMYFBOYA. h RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POB DPMTSOB VSHMB PZTBOYUYFSHUS FEN, YuFP VEURLPYMB VSC YFBMSHSOGECH, UPCHETYBS ZMHVPLYE Y VSCHUHFTSCHE TEKDSCH.

sa DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, S IPFEM, YuFPVSH "ZHTPOF yuBD" EUMY NPTsOP FBL OBCHBFSH TSD RP OEPVIPDYNPUFY TBTPЪOOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK PUFBCHBMUS ZHTBOGKHULYN ZHTPOFPN. VEKHUMPCHOP, OBYUBMP OBYEK UBIBTULPK PRETBGYY DPMTSOP VSHMP VSHCHFSH UPZMBUPCHBOP U DCHITSEOYEN 8-K BOZMYKULPK BTNYY. lFP ЪBCHYUEMP PF UCHSY U lBYTPN. OPCH PUFBMSHOPN MELMETL RPDYUYOSMUS VSH FPMSHLPNOE CHRMPFSH DP FPZP DOS, LPZDB, UPEDYOYCHYUSH TUNGKOL SA RPDUFHRBI L UTEDYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNY UPAYOILBNY, PO, EUFEUFCHEOOP, DPMTIFSEO VSHCRFCHEOOP, DPMTIFSEO RPDUFHRBI L UTEDYENOPH bFB BCHFPOPNYS VSHMB NOE FEN VPMEE DPTPZB, YuFP ЪБЧПЭЧКОИ ЖЭГГБОП СХИМПУШ ВШЧ OBYI THLEDBI ЪBMPZPNY UTY SHVY MYHHD

h FEYUEOYE OPSVTS-DELBVTS BOZMYYUBOE, CHEDS PTSEUFPYUEOOOSCH Y FTSEMSHCHE VPY, RTPOILMY CH LITEOBYLH. pTsYDBS YI CHUFKHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYA, melmetl, RPDDETTSBOOSCHK ZEOETBMPN UETTPN, LPFPTSCHK VSHM FPZDB ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIN CHPKULBNY CH uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGKHULPK bZhMETYLE AB. YuFP LBUBEFUS NEOS, S CH LFPN CHPRTPUE OE VSHM OBUFTPEO PRFYNYUFYUOP.

ЪOBS, YuFP tPNNEMSH UKHNEM CHCHCHBFSHUS YЪ BOZMYKULYI FYULPCH Y YUFP RPUME PFЪSCCHB CHEKZBOB YECHETOPK bZhTYLY UPZMBYE OYE ZYFMET -dBTMBO DBChBMP ChPNPTSOPUFSH UBPBFYCHVYUFSH UBPFFYCHVYUFSH TBUUYUYFSHCHBM TUNGKOL SA VSHUFTPE RTDPDCHYTSEOYE UPAYOLPCH L fTYRPMY. oBRTPFYCH, NOE LBBBMPUSH VPMEE CHETPSFOSCHN LPOFTOBUFHRMEOYE RTFPPYCHOILB. rППФПНХ, TBБТЭИБС RПДЗПФПЧЛХ Л ОПУФХРМЭОЯ, СЧПЪДЭТBYЦYЧБМOSFCH OFPSH OFFB fBL LBL, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NYUUYS UCHSY, LPFPTHA melMETL RPUMBM ch lBYT, VShchMB RPUFBCHMEOB CH FBLYE HUMPCHYS, YuFP POB VSHMB CHSCHOKHTSDEOB UPZMBUYFSHUS TUNGKOL SA RPDYOULBOYENHBOYE YUNEA, YuFP S OB LFP OE UPZMBUEO, Y TBYASUOIM RTEDUFBCHYFEMSN NYUUYY YI TPMSH .

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, OBY UPAYOILY OE CHUFHRYMY CH FTYRPMYFBOYA. RETCHCHE NEUSGSHCH 1942 VSCHMY DMS PVEYI UFPTPO RETYPDPN UFBVYMYYBGYY. U LFPPZP READED OBLY CHKULB CH TBKPOE PETB UBD NPZMY FPMSHLP UPCHETYBFSH CURRENT OBMEFSCH, MY MELMETLKH OE FETREMPUSH OBOSFSHUS LFYN. 4 ZHECHTBMS MAY DBM UCHPE UPZMBUYE. NI UDEMBM LFP CH FEYEOYE NBTFB, RTPKDS UP UCHPYNYY PECHSHCHNYYUBUFSNYY, RPDDETSBOOSCHNYY UBNPMEFBNYY, YuETE ZHEGGBO, TBTHYBS NOPZYE CHTBTSEULYE RPUFSHCH, ЪBICHOPBFSHPYUJOY. ъБФЭН PO CHETOHMUS TUNGKOL SA UCHPA VBH, RPOEUS OEOBYUYFEMSHOSH RPFETY. YuFPVSH TBUYYTYFSH NBUYFBVSH Y CHPNPTSOPUFY DEKUFCHYK LFPPZP YULMAYUYFEMSHOP URPUPVOPZP CHPEOBYUBMSHOILB, S OBYUM EZP CH BRTEME LPNBODHAEIN CHUENY CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY ULMAYBDtbogly . ika TUNGKOL SA LFPF TB NOE RTYYMPUSH RTEPDPMEFSH RTPFEUFSCH, CHCHCHBOOSCH EZP YUTENTOPK ULTPNOPUFSH. y LFPPZ CHTENEY NI UBN Y EZP ChPKULB RPYUKHCHUFCHBMY UEVS DPUFBFPYuOP UIMSHOSCHNYY, YUFPVSH ЪBICHBFYFSH PBYUSCH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY VHDHF TBYCHYCHMEBRBFSH pDOBLP YN RTYYMPUSH PTSYDBFSH EEE DPMZYI DEUSFSH NEUSGECH CH KHTSBOOKHA CBTH UTEDY ULBM Y REULPCH, RTETSDE YUEN POY PDETSBMY RPVEDH Y UNSHMY OBLPOEG U EVS RSCHMSH UTEDYENOPN NPTE.

OP EUMY CH TBKPOE PYTB UBD OBN RTYYMPUSH PFFSZYCHBFSH TEYBAEIK HDBT, FP CH LITEOBYLE RTEDUFBCHMSMBUSH DPMZPTsDBOOBS CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPLBJBFSH, TUNGKOL SA YFP NSCH URPUPVOSH. pDOBLP OBN RTEDUFPSMP RTEPDPMEFSH NOPZP RTERSFUFCHYK, RTETSDE YUEN NSCH DPVYMYUSH UPZMBUYS UPAJOYLPCH TUNGKOL SA KHYUBUFYE LTHROSH ZHTBOGKHULYI UPEDYOEOYK CH VPECHSHCHI DELFKUFCBKHYSIPE CH.

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, DCHE MEZLIYE NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOSCH DYCHYYYY FBOLPCHSHCHK RPML, UZHPTNYTPCHBOOSCH H UYYYY RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN MBTNYOB, OE VSHCHMY KHYUFEOSCH BOZMYKULINY LPNBODPCHBOOSCH LPNBODPCHBOYEN P CH LPOGE PLFSVTS. pDOBLP PVB UPEDYOOYS VSHCHMY UIMSHOSCHNYY IPTPYP CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY. LBTSDPE YЪ OYI VSHMP NPFPTYPCHBOP Y UPUFPSMP YRSFY REIPFOSCHI VBFBMSHPOCH, BTFYMMETYKULPZP RPMLB, TPFSH RFP, TPFSH RCH, RPDTBDEMEOYS TBCHEDLY, TPFSHCH Y RBTLSHI, TPFSHCH Y RBTLSHI, TPFSHCH Y RBTLSHI B YOTSCHULFFOSCFT VOPK TPFSH Y UMKHTSV. UFY UPEDYOEOYS, CHLMAYUBAYE RPDTBDEMEOYS CHUEI TPDPCH CHPKUL Y RPFPNH URPUPVOSHCHSHRPMOSFSH PFDEMSHOHA FBLYUEULHA ЪBDBUKH, VSHMY DYCHYYSNY CH VHLCHBMSHOPN UNSHUME U MHRB. iPFS SING TUNGKOL SA UBNPN DEME VSHMY “MEZLYNY”, MAY OBUFBYCHBM YNEOOOP TUNGKOL SA OBCHBOYY, LPFPTPPE UPPFCHEFUFCHCHBMP DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY. mBTNYOB, YURPMSHJHS PTHTSIE, PUFBCHMEOOPE DEOGEN YMY ЪBICHBYUEOOPE TUNGKOL SA ULMBDBY, PITBOSENSHI YFBMSHSOULINY LPNYUUYSNY RP RETENYTYA, UOBVDYM CHUE RPDTBDEMEEOYS OSHCHY OPVTBDEMEEOYS OSHCHY DPPTHY, OSHCHEN CHEPTH CH Y TBUFPTPPROSCH TEVSFB, CHMBDEMY YN CH UPCHETYEOUFCHE. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPNNYNP DYCHYIPOOPK BTFYMMETYY LBTSDSCHK VBFBMSHPO YNEM YEUFSH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSHCHI PTHDYK. nOPZP VShchMP FBLCE NYOPNEFPCH Y BCHFPNBFYUEULPZP PTHTSYS. h UMHYUBE OBUFHRMEOYS UMEDPCHBMP VSC PVMESUYFSH CHPKULB. OP ЪBFP CH PVPTPOE POY PVMBDBMY YULMAYUYFEMSHOPK PZOECHPK NPESH.

pDPVTYCH 20 UEOFSVTS UPUFBCH DCHHI MEZLYI NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI DYCHYYK, S OBRTBCHYM 7 PLFSVTS YuETYUYMMA RYUSHNP, UPPVEBS ENKH P OBUYI OBNETEOYSI Y CHPNPTSOPUFSI. pDOPCHTENEOOOP S OBRYUBM ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEENH CHPKULBNY TUNGKOL SA CHPUFPLE ZEOETBMH PLYOMELH, OBRPNYOBS ENKH P OBUYEN TSEMBOY UTBTSBFSHUS CH MYCHYY. s KHLBBM yuETYUYMMA Y ZEOETBMH pLYOMELH, UFP RTY RTPchedeoyy fYI PRETBGYK S ZPFPCH RPDYUYOYFSH CHUA ZTHRRYTPCHLH mBTNYOB BOZMYKULPNH LPNBODPCHBOYA Y UFP, U DTHZlPKlFPPOsch, U DTHZlPKlFPPOsch, OP UNPTsEF RTEDRTYOSFSH OBUFHRMEOYE TUNGKOL SA ZHEGGBO, LPZDB LFP VHDEF OEPVIPDYNP. 9 PLFSSVTS S RPUEFYM BOZMYKULPZP CHPEOOOPZP NYOYUFTB nBTZEUUPOB Y RPRTPPUYM EZP CHNEYBFSHUS CH LFP DEMP. oBLPOEG, 30 PLFSVTS S UPPVEIM ZEOETBMH lBFTH HUMPCHYS, TUNGKOL SA LPFPTSCHI OBIY CHKULB DPMTSOSCH RTYOSFSH HYUBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. ZMBCHOSCHN HUMPCHYEN VSHMB CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHFSH GEMSHNY UPEDYOEOSNY.

fPMSHLP 27 OPSVTS S RPMKHYUM BOZMYKULYK PFCHEF. SA VSHMNOE RPUMBO OBYUBMSHOILPN YFBVB CHPEOOOPZP LBVYOEFB yuetyuyMMS ZEOETBMPN yUNEEN. EZP RYUSHNP POBYUBMP PFLB, CHETSMYCHSHCHK, OP LBFEZPTYUEULYK. YuFPVSH PVASUOYFSH LFPF PFLB, OBUY UPA'OILY UUSCHMBMYUSH TUNGKOL SA "TBBPVEOOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHULYI YUBUFEK, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHI CH TBMYUOSCHI RHOLFBI UYTYY", TUNGKOL SA FP, YFP "POY OE VSHCHMYFCDY" CHYYK Y VTYZBD”, OBLPOEG, TUNGKOL SA YI “OEDPUFBFPYUOPE UOBTSEOYE” . pDOBLP SING CHSTBTSBMY OBDETSDH, YuFP VKHDHEEE RPJCHPMYF RETEUNPFTEFSH LFPF CHPRTPU.

VSHMP SUOP, YuFP BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE TBUUYUYFSHCHBMP ЪБЧетийФШ ЪБЧПеЧКОЪ MYCHYYY RPLPOYUYFSH U TPNNEMEN VEЪ RPNPEY ZHTBOGKHPCH. rTBCHDB, POP TBURPMBZBMP OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNYY OBYUYOSCHNYY UYMBNYY CH LFPN TBKPOYY UYYFBMP, YuFP BDNYTBM yODTA LBOYOZN, RTELTBUOSCHK CHPEOBYUBMSHOIL Y NPTSL .UNPTSFSHH OFFCHE NNHOILBGYY RTPFPYCHOILB NETSDH YFBMYEK Y FTYRPMYFBOYEK.

nPTsOP UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFSH, LBL S VShchM TBUPYUBTPCHBO BOZMYKULIN PFCHEFPN. kasama ang OE refinery DPRKHUFYFSH, YUFPVSH OBUY CHKULB PUFBCHBMYUSH CH VE'DEKUFCHYY OEPRTEDEMOOPE CHTENS, LPZDB CH VYFCHBI TEYBMBUSH UHDSHVB NYTB. rПФПНХ MAY RTEDRPYU CHЪSFSH TUNGKOL SA EUVS TYUL YЪNEOOYS PTYEOFBGYY. na may RTYZMBUYM vPZPNPMPCHB Y RPRTPUYM EZP UPPVEYFSH EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH, YuFP obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF TSEMBM VSHCH, YuFPVSH ZHTBOGHULYE CHPPTHTSEOOSHE UYMSCH RTYOSMY OERPUTED HUBBER PUFPYUOPN ZHTPOFE CH UMHYUBE, EUMY FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE VKhDEF DMS OYI OBLTSHCHF. UBNP UPVPK TBHNEEFUS, S OE DEMBM CH mPODPOE OYLBLPK FBKOSHCH YUCHPEZP RTEDMPTSEOYS. OP EEE DP FPZP, LBL S RPMKHYUM PFCHEF YЪ nPULCHSHCH, OBNETEOYS BOZMYUBO YYNEOMYUSH. 7 DELBVTS yuETYUYUMMSH OBRYUBM NOE RSHMLPE RYUSHNP, CH LPFPTPN KHLBBM, YuFP PO "FPMSHLP YuFP KHOOBM PF ZEOETBMB pLYOMELB, YuFP LFP RPUMEDOYK PUEOSH VSC IPFEM RTYCHMEYUSH DHYSNLEYSN." “na may ЪOBA, DPVBCHMSM RTENSHET-NYOYUFT, -YuFP LFP OBNETEOYE UPPFCHEFUFCHHEF CHBYENKH TsEMBOYA. kasama ang ЪOBA FBLCE, LBL CHBYN UPMDBFBN OE FETRYFUS RPNETYFSHUS UYMBNY U OENGBNY.”

kasama ang PFCHEFYM yuETYUYMMA, YuFP PPDPVTSA RTPELF Y PFDBN OEPVIPDYNSCHE TBURPTTSEOYS ZEOETBMH lBFTH. TUNGKOL SA UBNPN DEME BOZMYUBOYE, LTPNE FPZP, YUFP YN VSHMP VSC OERTYSFOP CHPNPTSOPE RETENEEE OYE ZHTBOGHULYI UYM CH TPUUYA, OBUYOBMY RPOINBFSH, LBLHA CHPEOOKHA CHSHZPDH NPZBY RTHYOUFCHE NPZMB RTYUFCHE Y. kumanta ng KHVEDYMYUSH CHPPYUYA, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL KHRPTOP PFUFBYCHBEF LBTSDSCHK LMPYUPL ENMY, YuFP YI UPVUFCHOOSHCHPKULB OEUHF FSTSEMSHCHE RPFETY, YuFP YN OEPVIPDYNP TEPTZBOYPCHBFYE LPNPEGY RTBOYPCHBFSH, RMPI, NETWORK U HYUBUFYEN NEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI CHPKUL. pFLBBBCHYYUSH PF RTDPDPMTSEOYS OBUFHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYY, SING PTSYDBMY, YUFP tPNNEMSH CHULPTE CHOPCHSH CHPSHNEF YOYGYBFYCHH CH UCHPY THLY. bFB RETURELFYCHB CHSCHOKHTSDBMB YI PVTBEBFSHUS JB OBYEK RPNPESH.

h LBYTE LBFTKH DPZPCHPTYMUS U PLYOMELLPN P RETEVTPULE CH MYCHYA 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY, BLEOYZ RTY PVUKHTSDEOOY DEFBMEK UPZMBYEOPEYS DPVIYLYVTPPUFFED YCHPFBOLPCHSHNYY YEOYFOSCHNY PTHDISNY Y FTBOURPTFOSHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. h SOCHBTE LFB DYCHYYS RTPCHEMB OUEULPMSHLP KHDBUOSHI PECH U YUBUFSNY tPNNEMS, PLTHTSEOOSCHNY CH UPMMHNE Y vBTDAYY, LPFPTSCHE CHULPTE LBRYFHMYTPCHBMY. ChYDS CHETEOYGSH OENEGLYI RMEOOSCHI, LPFPTSCHI POY RPNPZMY ЪBICHBFYFSH, OBUY ChPKULB VSHCHMY RPFTSUEOSH DP ZMHVYOSCH DKHYY. h VPDTPN Y RTYRPDOSFPN OBUFTPEOOY SING OBRTBCHYMYUSH TUNGKOL SA ЪBRBD. h ZHECHTBME, h FP CHTENS LBL BOZMYYUBOE TBNEEBMY UCHPY ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH CH GEOFTE LITEOBYLY, TUNGKOL SA FBL OBSCHCHBENPK RPJYGY “zBBBMB”, UPUFPSEEK Y OEULPMSHLYI KHLTERMEOOOSCHI VBKORCHOSCHI TBKPOKNUL, OBKKPOBLO PMPTSEOOSCHK ATSOEE. HLTERMSS UCHPY RPYYGYY, AWIT CH FP TSE CHTENS CHEMY BLFYCHOSCH TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOSH RPYULY CH ZMHVYOE OYUEKOPK RPMPUSH, PFDEMSCHYEK YI PF ZMBCHOSCHI UYM RTPFPYCHOILB.

OP EUMY 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYY RPCHEYMP, FP UPCHUEN YOBYUE PVUFPSMP UP 2-K, LPFPTBS RTDDPMTsBMB VEDEKUFChPCHBFSH CH MECHBOFE. kasama ang CE IPFEM, YuFPVSH POB FBLCE RTYOSMB KHYBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. lBL TB ADELBVTS vPZPNPMPCH UPPVEYM NOE, YuFP NPK RTPELF RPUSCHMLY ZHTBOGHYULYI CHPKUL CH TPUUYA CHUFTEFYM ZPTSYUE PDPVTEOYE EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB, LPFPTPE ZPFPChP UOBVDYFEFSH OFFICS OFFICIAL OFF fPZDB S TEYM RPUMBFSH TUNGKOL SA CHPUFPL OE FPMSHLP BCHYBGYPOOKHA ULBDTYMSHA “oPTNBODYS”, OP Y 2-A MEZLHA NFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. fb RPUMEDOSS, PFRTBCHSUSH YYYYYY RTPKDS YUETE vBZDBD, DPMTSOB VSHMB RETEUEYUSH yTBO TUNGKOL SA ZTHPCHYLBI, ЪBFEN YЪ fBCHTYЪB RP TSEMEЪOPK DPTPZE RTYVSHCHFSH LBJ TUNGKOL SA LB. bFP VShchM PVSHYUOSCHK RKHFSH, RP LPFPTPNH YITBOULYI RPTFPCH DPUFBCHMSMYUSH CH TPUUYA ZTHYSHCH, RPUSHMBENSHCHE UPAYOILBNY. 29 DELBVTS S OBRYUBM ZEOETBMH YUNEA, RTEDHRTEDYCH EZP P UCHPYI OBNETEOYSI, Y DBM ZEOETBMH lBFTH OEPVIPDYNSCHE YOUFTHLGYY. 15 NBTFB 2-S NPFPNEIDYCHYYS DPMTSOB VSHMB PFRTBCHYFSHUS TUNGKOL SA LBCHLBY, EUMY DP LFPPZP POBO OE RPFTEVPCHBMBUSH VSC H MYCHYY.

BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHSHCHDCHYOHMP CHUE CHPNPTSOSCHE CHPTBTTSEOYS RTPPFYCH RPTPELFB RPUSHMLY DYCHYYY CH TPUUYA. h nPULCHE CE UPCHEFSH KHICHBFYMYUSH ЪB БФХ IDEA. nPMPFPCH CH VUEEDBI U zBTTP, ZEOETBM rBOZHYMPCH U REFY FPTPRYMY OBU PUKHEEUFCHYFSH EE; IDEO, RPUFBCHMEOOOSCHK CH YICHEUFOPUFSH, CHCHUFHRIM UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSH Y OBRYUBM NOE, RPDDETSYCHBS FPYULH ЪTEOYS BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOSCHI. kasama ang RTDDPMTsBM OBUFBYCHBFSH TUNGKOL SA UCHPEN, Y CH LPOGE ZHECHTBMS UPAJOYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE RTYOSMP VMBZPRTYSFOPE TEYEOYE. noe UPPVEIM PV LFPN yUNEK. pLYOMEL RPRTPUYM LBFTKH RETEDBFSH CH EZP TBURPTTSEOYE 2-A MEZLHA NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. rPLYOKHCH UYTYA, POB RTYVSHMB CH MYCHYA CH RPUMEDOYI YUYUMBI NBTFB.

zTHRRYTPCHLB mBTNYOB VSHMB FERTSH TUNGKOL SA NEUF: LEOYZ U 1-K DYCHYYEK TUNGKOL SA MYOY VYT-iBLKN, lBBP UP 2-K CH TEETCHE. fBOLPCHSHCHK RPML RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB TENY RPMKHYUBM CH FSHMKH OPCHHA NBFETYBMSHOKHA YUBUFSH. tPFB RBTBYAFYUFPCH, LPFPTHA WITH RETECHYY BOZMYY, FTEOYTPCHBMBUSH CH yUNBYMYY, ZPFPCHBS L CHSHRPMOEOYA VPECHPK ЪBDBUY. lFP UPUFBCHMSMP 12 FSHUSYU UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH YMY RTYNETOP 1/5 UYM UPAJOILPC, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH LFPN TBKPOE. yULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU" Y ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mpFBTIOZYS" UTBTSBMYUSH U PLFSVTS NEUSGB CH OEEV LITEOBYLY. NOPZIE OBOY RPUSHMSHOSHE UKHDB Y FTBMSHAILY HYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH ULPTFE LBTBCHBOPCH CHDPMSH RPVETETSSHS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, OBYUYFEMSHOSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH VSHMY UPUTEDPFFPYUEOSCH CHCHTENS TUNGKOL SA ZMBCHOPN FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK. CHULPTE VPZ CHPKOSH RTEDPUFBCHYM UPMDBFBN "UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" CHPNPTSOPUFSH KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY RPLTSCHFSH UEVS OEKHCHSDBENPK UMBCHPK. 27 NBS tPNNEMSH RETEIPDIF CH OBUFHRMEOYE. VYT-iBLKN RPDCHETZBEFUS OBRBDEOYA.

h RTEDRTYSFYSI, h LPFPTSCHI TYULHEYSH CHUEN, PVSHYUOP OBUFKHRBEF FBLPC NPNEOF, LPZDB FPF, LFP CHEDEF YZTH, YUKHCHUFCHHEF, YuFP UHDSHVB CHPF-CHPF TEYYFUS. rP KhDYCHYFEMSHOPNH UFEYEOYA PVUFPSFEMSHUFCH FSCHUSYU YURSHCHFBOYK, LPFPTSCHN PO RPDCHETZBEFUS, LBL VSC CHPRMPEBAFUS OEPTSIDBOOP CH PDOPN TEYBAEEN RYJPDE. eUMY LFPF LRYЪPD VHDEF KHDBUOSCHN, ZHTTFHOB KHMSHCHVOEFUS. OP EUMY PO RTYCHEDEF CH EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHP THLPCHPDYFEMS, CHUE DEM RTPYZTBOP. h YYCHBS LPNNEOFBTYY, YUYFBS PE CHZMSDBI FP UFTBI, FP OBDETSDH, TBUUUYFSHCHBA, LBLPCHSH VHDHF RPUMEDUFCHYS FPZP, YuFP FBN RTPYUIPDYF. eUMY LFY 5500 VPKGPCH, LBTSDSCHK UP UCHPYN ZPTEN Y OBDETSDPK DPVTPCHPMSHOP RTYVSHCHYYE JTBOGYY, bZhTYLY, MECHBOFB, FYIPZP PLEBOB, UPVTBOOSH, OEUNPFKUTS TUNGKOL SA UFPMSHLP SF RPBTTSEOYE, OBUYE DAMP VHDEF UETSHEOP RPDPTCHBOP. ika OBPVPTTPF, EUMY CH LFPF NNEOF, TUNGKOL SA LFPC ENME SING UPCHETYBF CHEMILIK RPDCHYZ, VHDHEEE RTYOBDMETSYF OBN!

retchsche VPY RTPchedeosch LBL OEMSHЪS MHYUYE. noe DPOPUSF, YuFP 27 NBS, LPZDB ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH RTPFYCHOILB RTPYMY ATSOEE VYT-iBLEKNB, YUFPVSH PLTHTSYFSH RPIYGYY UPAYOILPC, YFBMSHSOULBS NPFPDYCHOILB RTPYMY ATSOEE VYT-iBLEKNB, YUFPVSH PLTHTSYFSH RPIYGYY UPAYOILPC, YFBMSHSOULBS NPFPDYCHYYS "bHBTSHEFE UPCHBOTSHEFE" UPTPL YЪ OYI, PVMPNLY LPFPTSCHI KHUESMY RPME VPS. 28 Y 29 NBS OBY PFTSDSHCH, CHSHUMBOOSCH PE CHUEI OBRTBCHMEOSI, HOYUFPTSYMY EEE YFHL RSFOBDGBFSH FBOLPCH Y BICHBFYMY 200 RMEOOSCHI. 31 . URKHUFS DCHB DOS ZHTBOGKHULBS LPMPOOB RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB vTPYB PCHMBDECHBEF RPYGYEK tPFPODB UYOSHSMY, TBURPMPTSEOOPK CH 50 LYMPNEFTBI L ЪBRBDH. 1 YAOS mBTNYOB YOURELFYTHEF OBIY CHPKULB TUNGKOL SA NEUF. EZP DPOUEEOYE RPMOP PRFYNYNB. h NYTE UPDBEFUS PRTEDEMEOOPE NOOOYE. oELPFPTSCHE RTEDULBSCHBAF, YuFP LFP DEMP NPZMP VSC OBYUYFEMSHOP RTECHPKFY ZTBBOYGSCH FBLYUEULPK PRETBGYY. TBDYP Y ZBJEFSH UDETSBOOP, CHSHCHVYTBS CHSTBTTSEOYS, ULHRP OBUYOBAF ICHBMYFSH ZHTBOGKHULYE ChPKULB Y YI LPNBOYTPCH.

TUNGKOL SA UMEDHAEIK DEOSH tPNNEMSH CHPЪPVOPCHMSEF OBUFHRMEOYE. TUNGKOL SA LFPF TB NI BFBLHEF GEOFT RPYYGYY ZEOETBMB TYYUY, OBYOOOPZP PLYOMELLPN LPNBODHAEIN ZHTPOFPN. OENGSH PCHMBDECHBAF CH ZPF-UMSH-ULBTBVE RPYGYEK PDOPK BOZMYKULPK VTYZBDSH, RTEPDPMECHBAF CH LFPN RHOLFE VPMSHYPE NYOOPE RPME, RTYLTSHCHBAEE RPDUFHRSH L zBBMB Y VYT- iBLECHEMSINH BUYI CHPKUL PDOKH DYCHYYYA bZHTYLBOULZP LPTRHUB. CHRECHSHCHE U YAOS 1940 ZHTBOGKHYSCH Y OENGSHCH CHOPCHSH CHufTEYUBAFUS CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY. uOBYUBMB CH NEMLYI UFSHYULBI NSCH ЪBICHBFSHCHBEN 150 RMEOOSCH. OP PUEOSH ULPTP ZHTPOF KHUFBOBCHMYCHBEFUS CH RTEDD4Y VYFCHSHCH. dChKHN CHTBTSEULIN RBTMBNEOFETBN, LPFPTSCHE RTEDMBZBAF LBRYFKHMYTPCHBFSH, LEOYZ PFCHEYUBEF, YuFP PO OE EB LFYN RTYYEM UADB.

NETSDH FEN CH RPUMEDHAEYE DYO RTPPHYCHOIL UFSZYCHBEF LPMSHGP PLTHCEOOYS. vBFBTEY FSTSEMSCHI PTHDYK, CH FPN YUYUME 155-Y 200-NYMMYNEFTPCHSCHI, CHEDHF RP OBYN RPIYGYSN PZPOSH, LPPTSHCHK UFBOPCHYFUS CHUE VPMEE YOFEOUYCHOSCHN. FTY, YUEFSHTE, RSFSH TB TUNGKOL SA DEOSH YFKHTNPCHYLY Y "AOLETUSCH" UPCHETYBAF OBMEFSCH RP UPFOE UBNPMEFPCH PDOPCHTENEOOOP. rTPDPCHPMSHUFCHYE RPUFHRBEF CH OEDPUFBFPYUOPN LPMYUEUFCHE. h VYT-iBLEKNE CHUE NEOSHYE PUFBEFUS VPERTYRBUPCH, KHNEOSHIBEFUS RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHEOOSCHK TBGYPO, UPLTBEBEFUS TBDBYUB CHPDSH. rPD RBMSAIN UPMOGEN, UTEDY REUUBOSCHY CHYITEK ЪBEYFOILY OBIPDSFUS CH RPUFPSOOPK FTECHPZE, TSYCHHF CHNEUFE U TBOEOSCHNY, IPTPOSF NETFCHSCHI TSDPN UPVPK. 3 YAOS ZEOETBM tPNNEMSH OBRTBCHMSEF RYUSHNP, OBRYUBOOPE YN UPVUFCHEOOPTHYUOP, U FTEVPCHBOYEN UMPTSYFSH PTHTSYE “CH RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POY VHDHF KHOYUFPSEOSCH, LBL BOZPFZBBDSHE.” 5 YAOS PDYO YЪ EZP PZHYGETPCH RPCHFPTSEF LFP RTEDMPTSEOYE. ENH PFCHEYUBEF PZPOSH OBYEK BTFYMMETYY. OP CH FP CE CHTENS PE NOPZYI UFTBOBI L OBN RTPVKhTsDBEFUS YOFETEU RHVMYLY. ZhTBOGKHYSCH VYT-iBLEKNB RTYCHMELBAF CHUE VPMSHYEE CHOINBOYE REYUBFY Y TBDIP. pVEEUFCHOOPE NOOOYE ZPFPCHYFUS CHSCHOUFY UCHPA PGEOLKH. chPRTPU UFBCHYFUS FBL: NPTsEF MY EEE UMBCHB PUEOYFSH OBUYI UPMDBF?

7 YAOS VYT-iBLEKN RPMOPUFSHHA PLTHTSEO. 90-S OENEGLBS DYCHYYS Y YFBMSHSOULBS DYCHYYS “fTYEUF”, RPDDETSBOOSCH DCHHNS DEUSFLBNY VBFBTEK Y UPFOSNY FBOLPCH, ZPFPCHSH L YFKHTNH. “rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE YEUFSH DOEK!” RTYLBYBMP LEOYZH UPA'OYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHEWETPN 1 YAOS. fY YEUFSH DOEK YUFELMY. "rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE UPTPL CHPUENSH YUBUPCH", RTPUYF ZEOETBM tyuy. uMEDHEF ULBYBFSH, YUFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB, OBOEUYE FBLYE RPFETY 8-K BTNYY CHCHBCHYE FBLPE ЪBNEYBFEMSHUFChP, FBLPCSHCH, UFP MAVRPSH PRETBEGYS PRETBNEGYS PBNEGYS . YuFP LBUBEFUS TPNNEMS, FP, UFTENSUSH VSHCHUFTEE DPUFYUSH EZYRFB, RPMSHJHSUSH UNSFEOYEN UTEDY BOZMYUBO, NI PYUEOSH TBDTBTSEO LFYN UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ZHTBOGKHPCH LPNNHOILBGYY. VYT-iBLEKN UFBOPCHYFUS EZP PUOPCHOPK ЪBVPFPK Y EZP ZMBCHOPK GEMSHA. NI HCE OEPDOPLTBFOP RPSCHMSMUS TUNGKOL SA RPIYGYSI Y UDEMBEF LFP EEE OE TB, YUFPVSH KHULPTYFSH DEKUFCHYS YFKHTNHAEYI CHPKUL.

8 YAOS OBUYOBAFUS PCEUFPYUEOOOSCH BFBLY. REIPFB RTPFPYCHOILB OEPDOPLTBFOP, RTY RPDDETSLE LTHROSHI UYM BTFYMMETYY FBOLPCH, OBUFPKYYCHP, OP VEKHUREYOP RSHFBEFUS PCHMBDEFSH FEN YMY YOSCHN HYUBUFLPN OBUYI RPYGYK . PYUEOSH FSSEMSCHK DEOSH DMS OBYI CHPKUL Y FSSEMBS OPYUSH, CH FEYOOYE LPFPTPK RTYCHPDSFUS CH RPTSDPL OBUY RPUFTBDBCHIYE PF PVUFTEMB RPYYGYY. 9 YAOS BFBLY CHPЪPVOPCHMSAFUS. chTBTSEULBS BTFYMMETYS HUYMYMBUSH PTHDYSNY LTHROPZP LBMYVTB, U LPFPTSCHNY OE NPZHF CHEUFY VPTSHVH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSH PTHDYS RPMLPCHOILB mPTBO-yBNRTP. OBOY UPMDBFSH RPMKHYUBAF CHUEZP MYYSH PLPMP DCHHI MYFTPC CHPDSHCH UHFLY, YUFP CH ЪDEYOEN NEUFOPN LMYNBFE SCHMSEFUS UPCHETYOOOP OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHN. pDOBLP OEPVIPDYNP EEE DETSBFSHUS, RPFPNKH YuFP CH UCHSY UP UNSFEOYEN, RPUFEREOOP PICHBFSCHCHBAEIN TBMYUOSHE RPDTBDEMEOYS BOZMYKULPK BTNYY, URPTPFYCHMEOYE LEOZB RTYPVSHEFBE O F F F FEREEET. “ZETPYUEULBS PVPTPOB ZHTBOGKHIPCH!” “vMEUFSAKE RPDCHYZ”! “ENGSH TBVYFSH RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN!” PE CHEUSH ZPMPU FTHVSF YOZHPTNBGYPOOSCHE BZEOFUFCHB mPODPOB, OSHA-kPTLB, nPOTEBMS, lBYTB, TYP-DE-tsBOEKTP, vHIOPU-bKTEUB. nsch RTYVMYTSBENUS L GEMY, LPFPTHA OBNEFYMY, CHPЪMPTSYCH TUNGKOL SA CHPKULB “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY”, UFPMSH OEOBYUYFEMSHOSHE RP YUYUMEOOPUFY, VPMSHYKHA TPMSH CH FYI.VPCHMSHYI UPVCHMSHYI RKHYLY RPD VYT-iBLKNPN CHPCHEUFYMY CHUENKH NYTH P OBYUBME CHPTPTSDEOYS ZhTBOGYY.

OP PFOSHCHOE NOE OE DBEF RPLPS NSCHUMSH P URBUEOYY BEYFOILPC. kasama ang RPONBA, YuFP POY OE UNPZHF CH FEYOOYE RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOPZP PAGBASA PFTBTSBFSH BFBLY, RPDDETSBOOSCH NPEOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. lPOYUOP, S KHVETSDEO CH FPN, YuFP CH MAVPN UMHYUBE DYCHYYS OE UDBUFUS, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL VHDEF MYYEO KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYS KHCHYDEFSH, LBL RETED TPNNEMEN RTPKDEF DPMYOOBS LPMPOOB EUFPKHILYI, LBL EVYNP UFPSFSH TUNGKOL SA NEUFA, FP RTPFYCHOILH, YuFPVSH PDPMEFSH YI, RPOBDPVYFUS HOYUFPTSYFSH YI RP YUBUFSN. OP TEYUSH YDEF P FPN, YuFPVSH URBUFY CHPKULB, BOE P FPN, YuFPVSH RTYNYTYFSHUS U YI ZETPYUEULPK ZYVEMSHA. NOE UPCHETYEOOP OEPVIPDYNSCH DMS DBMSHOEKYI PRETBGYK FY UPFOY RTECHPUIPDOSH PZHYGETPCH Y KHOFET-PZHYGETPCH, LFY FSCHUSYU PFMYUOSHI UPMDBF. UPCHETYYCH PDYO RPDCHYZ, POY DPMTSOSCH FERTSH UPCHETYYFSH DTHZPK: RPTCHBFSHUS ULCHPSH LPMSHGP CHTBTSEULYI CHPKUL, RTPKDS YUETE NYOOSH RPMS, Y RTYUPEDYOIFSHUS L PUOPCHOSCHN N UPAJOILPC.

iPFS S CHPDETTSYCHBAUSH PF OERPUTEDUFCHEOOPZP CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHB CH THLPCHPDUFCHP UTBTSEOYEN, FEN OE NEOEE CH FEYOOYE 8th 9 YAOS S RTDDPMTsBA U VPMSHYPK OBUFPKYUCHPUFSHA Y SHCHBS, YuFP YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP CHBTsOP, YUFPVSH LEOYZ, RPLB EEE OE RPJDOP, RPMKHYUM RTYLB RPRSHCHFBFSHUS CHSHCHKFY Y PLTHTSEOYS . na may RPChFPTSA PV LFPN 10 YAOS yuETYUYMMA, U LPFPTSCHN S PVUKhTSDBM FPZDB ChPRTPU P nBDBZBULBTE. FEN CHTENEOEN TBCHSB RTYVMYTSBEFUS, Y S FEMEZTBZHYTHA LPNBODITH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPK DYCHYYY: “ZEOETBM LEOYZ! "OBKFE Y RETEDBKFE CHBYN CHPKULBN, YuFP CHUS ZhTBOGYS UNPFTYF TUNGKOL SA CHBU Y ZPTDYFUS CHBNY!" b H LPOGE DOS ZEOETBM UT BMBO vTHL, OBYUBMSHOIL YNRETULPZP YFBVB, PVYASCHMSEF NOE, YuFP U UBNPZP KhFTB RTPFPYCHOIL CHEDEF PTSEUFPYOOOSCH BFBLY TUNGKOL SA VYT-iBLEДKN, SFZKHDBYOP HA RPYGYA, EUMY LFP ENKH KHDBUFUS UDEMBFSH. PRETBGYS DPMTSOB RTpyPKFY OPIUSHA.

tungkol sa UMEDHAEE KhFTP, 11 YAOS, CHPUFPTTSEOOP-NTBUOSCH LPNNEOFBTYY TBDIY ZBJEF. rPULPMSHLH OILFP OE OBEF, YuFP ZHTBOGKHSCH RSCHFBAFUS CHSHKFY YI PLTHTSEOYS, CHUE, PYUECHYDOP, TsDHF U NYOHFSHCH TUNGKOL SA NYOHFKH, YuFP YI URPTPPHYCHMEOYE VHDEF UMPNMEOP. OP CHPF CHYUETPN vTHL RPUSCHMBEF NOE UMEDHAEE YJCHEUFYE: “ZEOETBM LEOYZ Y VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH EZP CHPKUL DPUFYZMY UMSH-ZPVI Y OBIPDSFUS CHOE DPUZBENPUFY RTPPHYCHOILB.” kasama ang VMBZPDBTA CHEUFOILB, PFRHULBA EZP, ЪBLTSCHCHBA DCHETSH. may PUFBAUSH LUNCH SA UBNYN UPVPK. UETDGE VSHEFUS PF CHPMOOYS. NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF YUKHCHUFCHP PZTPNOPK ZPTDPUFY, MSHAFUS UMESH TBDPUFY!

1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS OBUYFSHCHBMB DP UTBTSEOYS RPD VYT-iBLKNPN RTYVMYJFEMSHOP 5500 YUEMPCHEL, B RPUME DCHHIOEDEMSHOSHI VPECH EK UMHTSVE UPMDBF. oELPFPTPPE LPMYUEUFCHP TBOEOSCHI HDBMPUSH CHSHCHEFFY CH FSHM CHNEUFE U YUBUFSNY. OBOY CHPKULB PUFBCHYMY TUNGKOL SA RPME VPS 1109 PZHYGETPCH Y UPMDBF, KHVYFSHCHI, TBOEOSCHY YMY RTPRBCHYI VEJ CHEUFY. UTEDY KHVYFSHCHI FTY UFBTYI PZHYGETB: RPDRPMLPCHOIL VTPY, NBKPTSH UBCHE Y vTYLPOSH. UTEDY TBOEOSCHI, PUFBCHYIUS TUNGKOL SA RPME VPS, NBKPTSH RAYHB Y vBVPOOP. rTYYMPUSH PUFBCHYFSH YUBUFSH RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP KHOYUFPTSEOOPK VPECHPK FEIOIL. OP RPFETY, LPFPTSHCHE NSCH OBOEUMY RTPFYCHOILH, CH FTY TBBB RTECHPUIPDIMY OBUY RPFETY.

12 YAOS OENGSH PVYASCHYMY, YFP OBLBOKHOYE SING "CHSMY YFKHTNPN" VYT-iBLEKN. ъBFEN VETMYOLPE TBDYP PRHVMYLPCHBMP UMEDHAEEE LPNNAOYLE: “fBL LBL ZHTBOGKHSCH, VEMSHCHE GCHEFOSCH, ЪBICHBUEOOSCH RMEO RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN, OE RTYOBDMETSBF L TEMBZKHMSTOPK BFTOOOY CHN ЪBLPOBN.” yuBU URKHUFS S RPRTPPUYM RETEDBFSH RP vY-vY-uY TUNGKOL SA CHUEI SQSHLBI UMEDHAEEE BSCHMEOYE: “eUMY ZETNBOWLS BTNYS PVEUUEUFYF UEVS HVYKUFCHPN ZHTBOGKHULYI UPMDBF CHPBYTB, FSHPB CHDBE TPDYOH, ZEOETBM DE zPMMSH DPMTSEO UPPVEYFSH, YuFP, L UCHPENKH ZMHVPLPNH UPTSBMEOYA , VKhDEF CHSCHOKHTSDEO RPUFKHRYFSH FBLCE U OENGBNY, ЪBICHBUEOOSCHNY CH RMEO EZP CHPKULBNY". l LPOGKH DOS VETMYOULPE TBDYP PVYASCHYMP: “pFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI, ЪBICHBUEOOSHI CH RMEO PE CHTENS PECH ЪB VYT-iBLEKN, OE NPTsEF ChPSHNOBILOHLYI. u UPMDBFBNY ZEOETBMB DE zPMMS VHDHF PVTBEBFSHUS LBL U UPMDBFBNY.” fBL POP Y VSHMP CH DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY.

h FP CHTENS LBL 1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RETEZTHRRYTPCHBMBUSH CH UYDY-vBTTBBOY LBFTKH VEJ RTPNEDMEOYS RTYUFKHRYM L EE RPRPMOEOYA, OBYB BCHYBSHSBTHR CHRBKHYUSH " MYCHYIUS DEKUFCHYSI BOZMYKULPK YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK BCHYBGYY, B OBYB BCHYBZTHRRRB "mPFBTYOZYS" HYUBEBMB UPCHNEUFOP U VPNV BTDYTPCHEYLBNY BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOP-CHP'DKHYOSCHI UYM UCHPY OBMEFSCH TUNGKOL SA LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFYCHOILB. h FP CE CHTENS OBOY RBTBYAFYUFSH CHSHRPMOSMY VMEUFSEYE PRETBGYY. fBL, OBRTYNET, CH OPYUSH U 12 TUNGKOL SA 13 YAOS ZTHRRSH RBTBYAFYUFPCH HOYUFPTSYMY 12 UBNPMEFPCH TUNGKOL SA CHTBTSEULYI BTPPDTPNBI CH MYCHYY, B LBRYFBO VETCE, UVTPEOOOSCHK TUNGKOL SA UKBFBBSHIAFE O DP FPZP LBL EZP UICHBFYMY, RPDTSEYUSH 21 VPNVBTDYTPCHAIL, 15 ZTHЪPCHYLPCH Y ULMBD ZPTAYUEZP TUNGKOL SA BHTPDTPNE H lBODY.

pDOBLP 8-S BTNYS, CHOEBROP PICHBUEOOBS NPTBMSHOPK KHUFBMPUFSH, RPLYOKHMB LITEOBYLH, PUFBCHYCH TUNGKOL SA NEUFE OBYUYFEMSHOP LPMYUEUUFCHP VPECHPK FEIOIL. ZEOETBM PLYOMEL OBDESMUS UPITBOIFSH RP LTBKOEK NETE fPVTHL, UIMSHOP KHLTERMEOOKHA LTERPUFSH, UOBVTSBCHYHAUS U NPTS. OP 24 YAOS ZBTOYPO, OBUYFSHCHBCHYIK 33 FSCHUSYUYUEMPCHEL, UDBMUS OENGBN. mYYSH U VPMSHYYN FTHDPN BOZMYUBOBN KHDBMPUSH ЪBLTERIFSHUS TUNGKOL SA CHCHUPFBI UMSH-bMBNEKOB. pDYO HYUBUFPL RPYYGYY KHDETSYCHBMB 2-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN ZEOETBMB lBBP, OBLPOEG CHCHEDEOOBS CH DEM. UTEDY TEYETCHPCH OBIPDIMBUSH FBOLPCHBS ZTHRRB RPMLPCHOILB TENY, UTPYUOP UOBVTSEOOBS NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFSH. rPMPTSEOYE VSHMP FTSEMPE. CHEUSH chPUFPL, PICHBUEOOSCHK FTECHPZPK, PTSYDBM CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH Y YFBMSHSOGECH CH LBYT Y BMELUBODTYA.

OP LFPF KHRBDPL DHib OBYI UPA'OYLPCH, LBL RPLBYBMY UPVSHCHFYS, OPUYM MYYSH CHTENEOOSHCHK IBTBLFET. dPMTSEO VSHM OBUFKHRYFSH DEOSH, LPZDB VMBZPDBTS ZPURPDUFCHH TUNGKOL SA NPTE, OPCHSHCHN RPDLTERMEOYSN, SCHOPNH RTECHPUIPDUFCHH BCHYBGYYY, OBLPOEG, CHPEOOSHCHN URPUPVOPUFSN n PEPPOEMFOPPOPHNET fh CHTENEOOHA UMBVPUFSH. chRTPYUEN, CHPKULB tPNNEMS, VPECHSHCHE RTYRBUSCH LPFPTSCHI OBIPDIMYUSH TUNGKOL SA YUIPDE, RTYPUFBOPCHYMY UCPE RTPDCHYTSEOYE CHREDED. pDOBLP UMPTSYCHYBSUS PVUFBOPCHLB PUPVEOOOP RPDYUETLYCHBMB VPMSHYPE OBYOOYE OBYI DEKUFCHYK. zEOETBM PLYOMEL VMBZPTPDOP RTYOBM LFP. 12 yaos po prhvmylpchbm ch yueufsh 1-k mezlpk npfpneiBoyytpchboopc dychyyyyytneyubfemshope lpnnaoyle: "pvyaedyooosch obgyy, ъbschym po, dpmtsosch vshchfsh rtey Btopufy ch uchsy u dekufchynyy lfyi zhtbogkhuli chpkul yi dpvmeufopzp zeoetbmb. "

yEUFSH DOEK URKHUFS CH mPODPOE 10 FSHUSYU ZHTBOGKHPCH, CHPEOOSCHI YYFBFULYI, UPVITBAFUS TUNGKOL SA FPTCEUFCHEOOPE UPVTBBOYE, YUFPVSH PFNEFIFSH CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYAH RTYYSHCHB 1 . Chue Yuefshchte ufbtsb bmshvetf-ipmmb ЪBRPMOEOSCH DP PFLBB, OBULPMSHLP bFP RPЪCHPMSAF YOUFTHHLGYY RP VEЪPRBUOPUFY. pZTPNOPE FTEIGCHEFOPE RPMPFOEE, KHLTBYEOOPE mPFBTYOZULIN LTEUFPN, RTPFSOHFP ЪB FTYVHOPK Y RTYCHMELBEF L UEVE CHPTSH CHUEI RTYUHFUFCHHAEYI. oBIPDS CHPMOPCHBOOSCHK PFLMYL CH UETDGBI, ЪCHHYUBF "nBTUEMSHEB" Y "mPFBTYOZULIK NBTY". ъBOYNBS NEUFP, PLTHTSEOOSCHK YUMEOBNY oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB Y UPCHUEN OEDBCHOP RTYVSHCHYYNYY ZHTBOGYY DPVTCHPMSHGBNY, S UMSHCHYKH, LBL LFB PICHBUEOOBS JOFHYB NORBЪNYUCHUBY. h LFPF DEOSH OBTSDKH U OBDETSDPK S YURSHCHFSHCHBA MILPCHBOIE. mula sa CHSHCHUFKHRBA U TEYUSHA. lFP OEPVIPDYNP. ZETPY UPCHETYBAF RPDCHYZY CH VPTSHVE. OP DMS FPZP, YuFPVSH CHPPDKHYECHYFSH YI TUNGKOL SA RPDCHYZ, OHTSOSCH RMBNEOOSCH UMChB.

gYFYTHS YYTEYUEOYE yBNZhPTB: “tBUUHDYFEMSHOSHCHE MADI RTPЪSVBMY. OP RP-OBUFPSEENH TSYMY FPMSHLP MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK", -- S OBRPNYOBA P RKHFY, RTPKDEOOPN "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYEK" JB DCHB ZPDB. “OBN RTYYMPUSH NOPZP RETETSYFSH, RPFPNH YuFP NSCH MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK. OP NSCH FBLCE Y RTPЪSVBMY! bI! lBL NSCH TBUUKHDIFEMSHOSH!.. NSCH ZPCHPTYN U UBNPZP RETCHPZP DOS: ZhTBOGYS OE CHSHCHYMB YY CHPKOSHCH; CHMBUFSH, KHUFBOPCHMEOOBS RKhFEN PFLBB PF OBGYPOBMSHOSCHI YOFETEUPCH, OE SCHMSEFUS ЪBLPOOPK CHMBUFSHA; OBIY FALLED TBPTCHBOSHCH, NSCH DPLBSHCHBEN LFP DEMPN: CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVPK... lPOYUOP, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY CHETYFSH CH FP, YuFP CHEMILPVTYFBOYS VHDEF UFPKLP DETSCHBFSHUS VHFP, CHVHHFSHUS, YuFP FP ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD OE RTYNYTYFUS U RPTBTSEOYEN. ika YUFP CE, NSH OE PIYVMYUSH!” ъBFEN S RTYCHEFUFCHHA OBUYI VPTGPCH PE CHUEN NYTE Y KHYUBUFOYLPCH DCHYTSEOYS uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PE ZhTBOGYY. kasama ang RTYCHEFUFCHHA FBLCE YNRETYA, CHETOKHA YNRETYA, YUIPDOKHA VBKH DMS CHPTPTSDEOYS UFTBOSHCH. TBHNEEFUS, RPOBDPVYFUS, YUFPVSH RPUME CHPKOSH VSHMB YЪNEOOOB UFTHHLFKHTB NITO. OP ZhTBOGYS EDYOPDHYOP OBNETECHBEFUS UPITBOIFSH EDYOUFCHP Y FETTYFPTYBMSHOHA OERTYLPUOPCHOOPUFSH NITO. “dBCE FP RTYULPTVOPE NHTSEUFChP, U LPFPTSCHN CHPKULB, PRHFBOOSCH MTSSHA chYYY, ЪBEEBAF FE YOMY YOSHE CHMBDEOOYS YNRETYY PF UTBTsBAEEKUS ZhTBOGYYYCHPCEE UPAJOPTYLE, USACHOILNBEE BBFEMSHUFCHPN LFPC OERTELMPOOPC CHPMY ZHTBOGKHIPCH..." kasama si LPOUFBFYTHA, YuFP, OEUNPFTS OH ABOUT UFP ​​, uTBTSBAEBSUS zhTBOGYS CHURMSCHCHBEF TUNGKOL SA RPCHETIOPUFSH PLEBOB. “lPZDB MHYU CHPTPTSDBAEEKUS UMBCHSH PBTYM CH VIT-iBLEKNE PLTPPCHBCHMEOOOSCH ZPMPCHSHCH EE UPMDBF, NYT RTYOBM zhTBOGYA...”

rTYUHFUFCHHAEYE PFCHEYUBAF VHTOSHCHN PDPVTEOYEN; U YULMAYUYFEMSHOSHCHN CHPPDHYECHMEOYEN YURPMOSEFUS OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZYNO. EZP ЪCHHLY DPOPUSFUS DP ZHTBOGKHЪPCH, LPFPTSHCHE ЪB ЪБРЭТФШНИ ДЧЭТШНЯ, УРХЭООШНИ ЪФПБЛТА УФБЧОСНИ УДСФ ЧПЪМЭ УЧПYИ ТБДІПРТЯНИЛПЧ.

rTYCHEFUFCHEOOSCH CHPZMBUSCH KHNPMLBAF. uPVTBOYE BLBOYUYCHBEFUUS. lBTsDSCHK CHPCHTBEBEFUS TUNGKOL SA UCHPK RPUF. ika ChPF S PDYO, OBEDYOE U UBNYN UPVPK. FERETSH, CH LFK PVSHYUOPK PVUFBOPCHL, NPTsOP ЪDTTBCHP, VE CHUSLYI YMMAYK, TBUUNPFTEFSH ZhBLFSHCH. na may RPDChPCH YFPZ RTPYMPZP. bFP RPMPTSYFEMSHOSHCHK, OP TSEUFPLYK YFPZ. vPKGSHCHMYCHBMYUSH CH TSDSCH UTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY RPPDYOPYULE, ITS ЪDBOYE CHPDCHYZBMPUSH RP PDOPNH LYTRYUKH Y CHPF POB RTECHTBFYMBUSH H RTPYUOHA Y UMPYUEOOHA PTZBOYBG YA. OP YUFPVSH DPUFYZOKhFSH LFPZP ULPMSHLP RPFETSH, ULPMSHLP ZPTS Y PFYUBSOYS! ika-CHPF NSCH CHUFKHRBEN CH OPCHHA ZHBKH VPTSHVSH, TBURPMBZBS OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY: 70 FSHUSYU CHPPTHTSEOOSCHI UPMDBF, PRSCHFOSHCHPEOBYUBMSHOILY, BLFYCHOBS RPNPESH ЪFBNFFU OYE, LPFPTPPE VHDEF TBUYTSFSHUS, RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP, LPFPTPNH RPCHYOHAFUS, CHMBUFSH, EUMY OE RTYOBOOBS, FP PE CHUSLPN UMHYUB E YJCHEUFOBS CHUENKH NYTH. oEF UPNOEOYS CH FPN, YuFP UPVShchFYS RTPVHDSF OPCHSHCHE UYMSCH. pDOBLP S SUOP PFDBA UEVE PFUEF CH RTERSFUFCHYSI, UFPSEYI TUNGKOL SA NPEN RHFY. fY RTERSFUFCHYS: NPESH CHTBZB, OEDPVTPTSEMBFEMSHUFCHP UPAOSHI ZPUKHDBTUFCH, B UP UFPTPOSCH ZHTBOGKHIPCH CHTBTSDEVOPE PFOPEOEYE PZHYBMSHOSHI Y RTYCHYMEZYTPCHBOOSCHI MYG , OBLPOEG, KHZTPЪB PVEEK LBFBUFTPZHSCH. y S, UMBVSHCHK YUEMPCHEL, ICHBFYF MY X NEOS RTPOYGBFEMSHOPUFY, FCHETDPUFY, KHNEOSHS, YUFPVSHCHCHKFY RPVEDIFEMEN Y CHUEI YURSHCHFBOYK? OP EUMYNOE DBCE Y KHDBUFUS RTYCHEUFY PVAEDYOYCHYKUS OBLPOEG OBTPD L RPVEDE, LBLPE VKHDHEEE TsDEF EZP? ika TUNGKOL SA LFPN RKhFY ULPMSHLP EEE OPCHSHHI OECHZPD PTSIDBEF EZP Y ULPMSHLP OPCHSHHI TBURTEK? b LPZDB NYOHEF PRBUOPUFSH Y PFYKHNYF RTBDOYUOPE MYLPCHBOYE, ULPMSHLP RPFPLPCH ZTSY IMSCHOEF TUNGKOL SA ZhTBOGYA?

OP DPCHPMSHOP UPNOEOYK! UFPS OBD RTPRBUFSHA, TUNGKOL SA DOP LPFPTPK ULBFYMBUSH tPDYOB, S, EE USCHO, CHCHCHBA L OEK Y PUCHEEBA EK RHFSH L URBUEOYA. noPZIE HCE RTYNLOKHMY LP NOE. ъБ ОИНИ РПУМЭДХАФ ДТХЗИЕ S CH LFPN KHCHETEO! ZhTBOGYS HCE PFCHEYUBEF NOE. CHPF POB CHUFBEEF UP DOB VEDOSCH, YDEF, RPDSHNBSUSH CHUE CHCHYE, CHCHETI. p, tPDYOB-NBFSH, NSCH ZPFPCHSH PFDBFSH FEVE CHUE UCHPY UYMSCH!

Kasaysayang pampulitika France ng ika-20 siglo Arzakanyan Marina Tsolakovna

"Libreng France"

"Libreng France"

Kasabay ng pagkatalo ng France, nagsimula ang kasaysayan ng paglaban nito sa mga mananakop. Ito ay nauugnay, una sa lahat, sa pangalan ng natitirang Pranses militar, pampulitika at estadista XX siglo Heneral Charles de Gaulle.

Si De Gaulle ay isinilang noong Nobyembre 22, 1890 sa isang aristokratikong pamilya at pinalaki sa diwa ng pagiging makabayan at Katolisismo. Matapos makapagtapos mula sa Saint-Cyr Higher Military School, nakipaglaban siya sa larangan ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig at nagtapos sa ranggo ng kapitan. Sa panahon ng interwar, ipinagpatuloy ni de Gaulle ang kanyang karera sa militar. Gayunpaman, mula sa kalagitnaan ng 20s, ang kanyang mga aktibidad ay lumampas sa saklaw ng serbisyo militar. Sumulat siya at nagbigay ng maraming mga pahayag. Sa apat sa mga aklat ni de Gaulle - "Discord in the Enemy's Camp" (1924), "On the Edge of the Sword" (1932), "For a Professional Army" (1934) at "France and Its Army" (1938). ) - sinasalamin ang sariling doktrina ng militar ng may-akda at ang kanyang kredo sa buhay. Siya ang kauna-unahan sa France na hinulaan ang mapagpasyang papel ng mga puwersa ng tangke sa isang digmaan sa hinaharap at ipinakita ang kanyang sarili bilang isang tagasunod ng nasyonalismong Pranses at isang tagasuporta ng isang malakas na sangay ng ehekutibo.

Si De Gaulle ay isang mahigpit na kalaban ng mga taktika sa pagtatanggol na binuo ng General Staff ng French Army, na batay sa ideya na ang Maginot Line ay hindi naa-access. Nagbabala siya tungkol sa pagiging mapanira ng mga ganitong pananaw at nanawagan na palakasin ang kakayahan ng depensa ng bansa. Itinuring ni De Gaulle na kinakailangan, una sa lahat, upang bumuo ng mga karagdagang tank corps sa France, na nilagyan ng mga sasakyan ang pinakabagong modelo. Naghanap siya ng mga tagasuporta sa mga bilog ng militar at pulitika. Noong 1934, nagawa pa niyang makilala si Paul Reynaud, ngunit hindi nakamit ni de Gaulle ang epektibong suporta para sa kanyang mga ideya.

Sa simula ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, si de Gaulle, na nagsilbi sa ranggo ng koronel, ay hinirang na kumander mga tropa ng tangke sa Alsace. Nang maglunsad ang Alemanya ng mabilis na opensiba sa Western Front noong 1940, inutusan siyang pamunuan ang isang mabilis na nakabaluti na dibisyon. Sa buong Mayo, siya ay nakipaglaban nang walang pag-iimbot, na dumaranas ng matinding pagkatalo. Malaki ang kalamangan ng kaaway sa mga tangke, artilerya at abyasyon. Para sa kanyang serbisyo militar, si de Gaulle ay na-promote sa ranggo ng brigadier general.

Sa Paris, si Paul Reynaud, nang muling ayusin ang kanyang gabinete, ay hinirang si de Gaulle na representante ng ministro ng digmaan. Agad na dumating ang heneral sa kabisera. Matigas ang ulo niyang iginiit na ipagpatuloy ang digmaan at sinubukang kumbinsihin si Reynaud tungkol dito. Inimbitahan ni De Gaulle ang gobyerno na lumipat sa mga pag-aari ng North Africa ng France at lumaban, na umaasa sa malaking kolonyal na imperyo ng bansa. Gayunpaman, pinili ng chairman ng Konseho ng mga Ministro na ilipat ang kapangyarihan kay Marshal Petain. Pagkatapos ay gumawa si de Gaulle ng isang hindi pa nagagawang gawa. Siya ay determinadong tumanggi na magpasakop sa bagong mga awtoridad ng Pransya, na patungo sa pagsuko, at noong Hunyo 17, 1940, lumipad siya sa isang eroplanong militar patungong London.

Sa kabisera ng Ingles, agad na nakipagpulong ang rebeldeng heneral sa Punong Ministro ng Britanya na si Winston Churchill at tiniyak sa kanya ang kanyang matatag na intensyon na ipagpatuloy ang laban. Noong Hunyo 18, sa radyo sa London, gumawa si de Gaulle ng isang tanyag na talumpati para sa kanyang mga kababayan. Sa loob nito, pinagtatalunan niya na ang sitwasyon sa France ay malayo sa kawalan ng pag-asa, dahil ang digmaan na nagsimula ay isang pandaigdigang kalikasan at ang kalalabasan nito ay hindi mapagpasyahan lamang ng labanan para sa France. Nagtapos ang talumpati sa mga sumusunod na salita: “Ako, si Heneral de Gaulle, na ngayon ay nasa London, ay nag-aanyaya sa mga opisyal at sundalong Pranses na nasa teritoryo ng Britanya o maaaring naroroon upang makipag-ugnayan sa akin. Anuman ang mangyari, ang siga ng French Resistance ay hindi dapat at hindi mawawala." Kaya noong Hunyo 1940 ang bandila ng paglaban ng Pransya sa kaaway ay itinaas.

Sa London, itinatag ni de Gaulle ang organisasyon ng Free France, na idinisenyo upang labanan pasistang Alemanya sa gilid ng UK. Hinatulan ng gobyerno ng Vichy si de Gaulle ng kamatayan in absentia para sa "pagtataksil" at "pagtataksil." Gayunpaman, parehong militar at sibilyan mula sa iba't ibang uri ng background ay nagsimulang sumali sa Free French. mga pananaw sa politika at mga paniniwala. Sa pagtatapos ng 1940 mayroon lamang 7 libong tao, wala pang dalawang taon ang lumipas ang bilang na ito ay tumaas ng sampung beses.

Noong Agosto 7, 1940, nilagdaan nina de Gaulle at Churchill ang isang kasunduan tungkol sa organisasyon at paggamit ng mga puwersang boluntaryong Pranses sa Inglatera. Nagsagawa si De Gaulle na bumuo at gumamit ng pinakamataas na utos ng mga pwersang ito alinsunod sa pangkalahatang direktiba ng Pamahalaang British. Hindi kinilala ng Great Britain ang mga karapatan ni de Gaulle na gamitin ang kapangyarihan ng estado at itinuring ang "malayang Pranses" bilang mga boluntaryo lamang sa kanilang serbisyo. Gayunpaman, binigyan nito si de Gaulle ng regular na suportang pinansyal at binigyan siya ng pagkakataong lumikha ng isang sibilyan na katawan bilang karagdagan sa militar. Ang English BBC radio station ay inilagay din sa pagtatapon ni de Gaulle. Sa pamamagitan nito, nagsagawa ang Free France ng mga propaganda broadcast sa France.

Una sa lahat, itinuro ni de Gaulle ang kanyang mga pagsisikap tungo sa pagkuha sa mga kolonya ng Pransya, pangunahin ang mga Aprikano. Sa tulong ng kanyang mga tagasuporta, sinimulan niya ang aktibong propaganda doon sa pabor sa pagpapatuloy ng digmaan at pagsali sa Free French. Ang administrasyong North Africa ay tiyak na tinanggihan ang mga naturang panukala at nanatiling tapat sa gobyerno ng Vichy. Iba ang pag-uugali ng mga kolonya ng French Equatorial Africa. Noong Agosto 1940, sumali si Chad kay de Gaulle. Pagkaraan ng ilang panahon, ang Congo, Ubangi-Shari, Gabon, at Cameroon ay pumunta sa panig ng heneral. Ilang maliliit na pag-aari ng Pranses sa Pasipiko ang nagpahayag ng pagkilala nito. Ito ang unang malaking tagumpay. Totoo, noong Setyembre 1940 ang mga Gaullist ay dumanas ng matinding pagkatalo. Ang ekspedisyon ng Anglo-French squadron, na naglalayong makuha ang pinakamahalagang daungan ng French West Africa - Dakar, ay natapos sa kabiguan. Ang garison ng lungsod ay nanatili sa gilid ng Vichy. Gayunpaman, ang Free France ay mayroon na ngayong sariling baseng teritoryal sa kontinente ng Africa. Ito ay nagbigay-daan kay de Gaulle na simulan ang paglikha ng kanyang "kasangkapan ng estado" at tiyak na ihiwalay ang kanyang sarili sa gobyerno ng Vichy.

Noong Oktubre 27, 1940, naglabas si de Gaulle ng Manipesto tungkol sa pamumuno ng mga Pranses noong panahon ng digmaan. Sa loob nito, kinondena niya ang mga aktibidad ng gabinete ni Petain, nagsalita tungkol sa pagiging ilegal ng pagkakaroon nito at tinawag ang mga collaborationist na "aksidenteng pinuno" na sumuko sa kaaway. Ipinahayag ni De Gaulle na sa ngalan ng France ay gagamitin niya ang kapangyarihan para sa tanging layunin na protektahan ang bansa mula sa kaaway.

Sa pinakadulo ng 1940, nilikha ang Libreng French Department of Political Affairs. Ang gawain nito ay pinangangasiwaan mismo ni de Gaulle. Tinukoy din niya ang mga gawain ng Directorate: "Lumikha at gumamit ng mga serbisyo ng impormasyon na nangongolekta ng mga materyales tungkol sa sitwasyong pampulitika sa France at sa Imperyo. Ayusin at suportahan ang kilusang Free France sa France at sa Imperyo at subukang palawigin ang mga aktibidad nito sa luma at bagong mga organisasyong pampulitika, panlipunan, relihiyoso, pang-ekonomiya, propesyonal at intelektwal at kumbinsihin sila sa pangangailangan sa sandaling ipasailalim ang lahat ng personal na interes sa isa. - ang pambansa.” . Ang pamamahala ay binubuo ng Pangkalahatang Tauhan at serbisyo ng impormasyon. Tatlong kawanihan ang nasa ilalim nila. Ang unang tinukoy na mga tiyak na gawain. Ang pangalawa ay ang isagawa ang mga ito sa teritoryo ng France at sa kolonyal na imperyo. Lumaki ito sa dakong huli at naging sikat na Central Bureau of Awareness and Action (CBRA). Ang ikatlo ay nakikibahagi sa pagtatatag ng mga pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga dayuhang bansa. Ang mga kinatawan nito ay ipinadala ni de Gaulle sa iba't ibang rehiyon ng mundo upang matamo ang pagkilala sa Malayang Pranses ng mga dayuhang pamahalaan.

Noong Setyembre 1941, inilabas ni de Gaulle ang Free French Ordinance. Itinatag niya ang National Committee, na pansamantalang gumaganap ng mga tungkulin ng kapangyarihan ng estado. Ito ay tinawag na umiral hanggang "hanggang sa isang representasyon ng mga taong Pranses ay nilikha, na may kakayahang ipahayag ang kalooban ng bansa, anuman ang kaaway." Kasama sa National Committee ang mga komisyoner na hinirang ng chairman nito, General de Gaulle: Rene Pleven (nag-uugnay sa mga aktibidad ng komite), Maurice Dejean (foreign affairs), Rene Cassin (hustisya at pampublikong edukasyon), General Legentille (mga gawaing militar), Admiral Muselier ( military at merchant marine), General Valen (aviation affairs), André Dietelme (internal affairs). Pinamunuan ng mga komisyoner ang mga pambansang commissariat. Kaya, sa loob ng balangkas ng Free France, ang ilang pagkakahawig ng isang gobyerno ay nilikha.

Ang pakikipagtulungan ng Free France (mula Hulyo 1942 - Labanan ang France) kasama ang mga kaalyado nito sa koalisyon na anti-Hitler ay hindi madali sa una. Una sa lahat, ito ay may kinalaman sa pag-unlad ng relasyon ni de Gaulle sa gobyerno ng Britanya, bago niya ipinagtanggol ang pambansang interes ng Pransya. Ang pinuno ng Free French ay naghangad na pigilan ang pagkalat ng impluwensyang Ingles sa mga kolonyal na pag-aari ng Pransya.

Noong tag-araw ng 1941, bilang resulta ng magkasanib na operasyong militar sa pagitan ng British at ng "libreng Pranses", ang rehimeng Vichy sa mga kolonya ng Pransya sa Gitnang Silangan - Syria at Lebanon - ay ibinagsak. Noong tagsibol ng 1942, nakuha ng Great Britain ang isla ng Madagascar at inalis ang administrasyong Vichy doon. Nais ng mga British na itatag ang kanilang kapangyarihan sa mga pag-aari ng Pranses. De Gaulle ay tiyak na tinutulan ito at, sa halaga ng napakalaking pagsisikap at mahirap na diplomatikong negosasyon, isinama ang Syria, Lebanon at Madagascar sa Free French movement.

Kaagad pagkatapos ng pagsisimula ng Dakila Digmaang Makabayan Si de Gaulle, sa ngalan ng Free French, ay nagpasimula ng pakikipagtulungan sa USSR, na dati nang nagpapanatili ng diplomatikong relasyon kay Vichy.

Ang mga pangyayari noong Hunyo 22, 1941 ay natagpuan ang heneral sa Africa. Noong Hunyo 30, inihayag ng gobyerno ng Vichy ang pagkaputol ng relasyong diplomatiko sa Unyong Sobyet. Ang plenipotentiary representative ng USSR sa ilalim ni Vichy, A.E. Bogomolov, ay agad na naalala mula sa France. Ngunit noong Hulyo 1, ang Ambassador ng Unyong Sobyet sa Great Britain na si I.M. Maisky ay nag-telegraph mula sa London patungong Moscow na bago pa man maghiwalay si Vichy, siya ay pribadong binisita ng kinatawan ni de Gaulle na si Cassin, "na sa ngalan ng heneral ay naghatid ng mga simpatiya at pinakamahusay na pagbati sa USSR." at sa parehong oras "nagbangon ng tanong ng pagtatatag ng ilang uri ng relasyon sa pagitan ng gobyerno ng Sobyet at mga pwersa ni de Gaulle." Noong Agosto, muling itinaas nina Cassin at Dejean ang parehong tanong kay I.M. Maisky. At noong Setyembre 26, 1941, ang USSR Ambassador sa Great Britain ay naghatid ng isang opisyal na nakasulat na tugon kay de Gaulle: "Sa ngalan ng aking gobyerno, mayroon akong karangalan na ipaalam sa iyo na kinikilala ka nito bilang pinuno ng lahat ng libreng Pranses, saanman sila ay, na nag-rally sa paligid mo, na sumusuporta sa Allied cause."

Nagpasya ang magkabilang panig na makipagpalitan ng mga opisyal na kinatawan. Sa simula ng Nobyembre 1941, si A.E. Bogomolov ay ipinadala sa Great Britain na may ranggo ng Ambassador Extraordinary Plenipotentiary ng USSR sa mga Allied government sa London. Ipinagkatiwala sa kanya ng pamahalaang Sobyet ang mga tungkulin ng pagpapanatili ng pakikipag-ugnayan sa Free France. Si Roger Garro, Raymond Schmittlen at ang kinatawan ng militar na si Heneral Ernest Petit, na hinirang ni de Gaulle, ay umalis patungong Moscow.

Napanatili ng Estados Unidos ang diplomatikong relasyon kay Vichy bago pumasok sa World War II. Gayunpaman, interesado ang mga Amerikano na gamitin ang mga kolonya ng isla ng Pransya sa Karagatang Atlantiko at Pasipiko, na kontrolado ng Free French, bilang kanilang mga base ng hukbong-dagat at panghimpapawid ng militar.

Matapos pumasok ang Estados Unidos sa digmaan sa panig ng mga Allies noong Disyembre 1941, lumapit si de Gaulle sa Estados Unidos na may panukalang magtatag ng mga relasyong diplomatiko. Ang opisyal na Washington ay hindi nagbigay ng positibong sagot sa pinuno ng Free France sa mahabang panahon. Noong Marso 1942 lamang kinilala ng Estados Unidos ang awtoridad ng National Committee ni De Gaulle sa Pacific Islands. Noong Hulyo 1942, inilathala ng gobyerno ng US ang isang communiqué na kumikilala sa organisasyong pinamumunuan ni de Gaulle.

Ang Free India Subhas Chandra Bose ay isa sa mga pinuno ng INC. Malapit siya sa mga komunista. Siya ay tumakas sa sinakop na Burma, sa mga Hapones. Doon, noong Oktubre 21, 1943, kasama ang kanilang pera, ipinahayag niya ang "Libreng India" - "Azad Hind" ang kinokontrol ang Andaman at