Reinforced concrete is a universal building material. It is used for the manufacture of various designs. It is widely used in the manufacture of trays used in the laying of utilities and for water drainage.

• water disposal;

• at or water supply underground;

Reinforced concrete channel trays used for laying pipes or power cables in them are necessary to protect utilities from various natural disasters and the adverse effects of the environment.

Strong reinforced concrete allows you to avoid damage to the contents of the tray in case of any underground work nearby, and its use allows you to avoid freezing - the design makes it possible to lay a fairly dense layer of insulation.

Reinforced concrete is not only durable, but absolutely inert, not subject to corrosion. That is why the trays from it are often used as drains.

For heating mains

Engineering communications used to supply hot water need good thermal insulation. Since during transportation of the coolant it is very important to maintain the temperature to which it was heated in the boiler room.

This is exactly what allows the reinforced concrete tray. Reinforced concrete itself is not a thermal insulation material. But he can provide free space  for laying insulating material, fasteners.

Using the tray, it is easy to create the necessary conditions for the location of thermal insulation - protection from the effects of an external aggressive environment.

Most of the pipes used to transport hot water have a rather large diameter. And to protect them from mechanical stress is quite difficult.

That is why they are used most often when laying such communications. Many manufacturers complete their trays with special covers. They allow you to avoid getting into foreign objects, soil.

For drainage

Extremely often used for the construction of a sewage system.

A system constructed from such a durable material has many advantages:

• durability - the service life of reinforced concrete even in very humid and aggressive environments is many tens of years;
• strength - it is very difficult to damage this material, for this it is necessary to exert great strength;
• aesthetics - drainage trays are extremely compact and not conspicuous. Many manufacturers supply trays with cast-iron (or made of another material) gratings;
• ease of installation - no special tools are required to assemble the drainage system. Just dig a ditch of the required depth.

For drainage

Quite often, reinforced concrete trays are used as drainage. It is needed in a variety of places, but most often it is automobile roads, railway tracks.

Special aesthetics in such places is not needed, because the drainage trays do not look very presentable. But their performance does not get worse from this.

Some manufacturers are engaged in the manufacture of drainage trays, the appearance of which is quite aesthetic. They are often used in public places where a large number of people are constantly located - the city center and other similar places.

For cable routing

When laying utilities, it is necessary to protect them as well as possible from possible mechanical influences or adverse environmental influences.

This is especially true for live power cables. This type of communications, if damaged, can shock a large number of people, even in the absence of direct contact of the latter with the conductor.

Important! High-voltage lines (from 6 kV and above) are laid only in cable reinforced concrete trays.

The presence makes it possible to exclude direct contact of power lines with the ground, as well as minimize the presence of moisture - which is especially important for cable insulation.

Manufacturing in accordance with GOST

There is a certain GOST, according to which all trays are made of reinforced concrete. It strictly regulates the main parameters of the product.

According to GOST, trays are divided into two types:

• LR - mounted on piles, slabs and rack structures;
• LRH - are used for laying directly in the ground.

For the manufacture of reinforced concrete trays, concrete is used, the density of which should be at least 2400 kg / cubic meter.

Trays must satisfy the following GOST:

•   (sets the values \u200b\u200bof strength, water resistance and frost resistance, as well as other performance indicators);
•   (filler requirements);
•   (requirements for reinforcing and welded structures);
•   (product acceptance requirements).

The tray is marked as follows: the first two letters indicate its type, and the numbers following them indicate the height in decimeters (this value is rounded to the nearest whole number). Example of designation (tray height 400 mm): LR 4.

Dimensions

Reinforced concrete channel trays can be of various sizes. But most manufacturers, nevertheless, are guided in the manufacture of certain standard parameters.

Since many pipes and other materials for the installation of utilities are designed for operation in reinforced concrete trays of certain sizes.

Most often on sale you can find trays of the following sizes (for heating mains):

• 297 × 42 × 36 cm;
• 297 × 184 × 57 cm;
• 297 × 278 × 106 cm.

The sizes of typical channel trays are slightly different:

• 299 × 28 × 28 cm;
• 299 × 118 × 43 cm;
• 299 × 208 × 88 cm.

Additional trays are much more compact, as they are most often used for the installation of drainage systems:

• 72 × 42 × 36 cm;
• 72 × 116 × 131 cm;
• 72 × 278 × 106 cm.

Volume

To design a drainage, drainage system, it is often necessary to know the volume of the reinforced concrete tray that will be used for installation. This is necessary due to the mandatory calculation of the amount of water passing per unit of time.

On most sites of companies producing trays of concrete, the volume is not specified. But other parameters are indicated - length, width and height. To calculate the volume of this is enough - you just need to multiply all these values.

Configuration

Reinforced concrete trays can have a very different configuration, be of very different shapes:

• trapezoidal;

• square;

• rectangular;

• semicircular;

• round (this type will be more correctly called reinforced concrete pipes).

Culvert rectangular

Reinforced concrete trays are used very often for water passage, no less than for laying communications. Therefore, there are a huge number of trays designed for this purpose. But they all have very different shapes.

Most often, rectangular trays are used for the installation of drainage systems.

Since they have many advantages over trays of a different shape:

• extreme ease of installation;
• if necessary, they are easy to repair;
• a rectangular design has greater strength than other forms of execution (round, trapezoidal).

Angular

When installing utilities or laying a drainage system, corner trays are often required. For example, in the case when it is necessary to bypass the foundation of the house, the support of the power line or other obstacle that cannot be removed.

In this case, it is necessary to have a reinforced concrete tray designed to perform a turn. Structures of this kind can be made to turn both 900 and 450. Which allows laying communications without any particular difficulties.

The design of trays of this kind can also vary significantly. They can be made in the form of a conventional tray, part of the wall of which is simply absent. And its dimensions allow docking of the tray to the line perpendicularly.

There are also trays that are curved at right angles. They act as a special design that allows you to rotate the drainage line.

Trays of this kind are made from the material used to produce conventional, straight trays. Therefore, the design of the corner tray is as strong as the ordinary tray.

Prefabricated trays

The weight of each reinforced concrete tray is quite large, regardless of its overall dimensions (most often it is at least 100 kg). That is why this type of design is supplied disassembled, the length is strictly regulated.

The second reason that reinforced concrete trays are manufactured by assembly is that the line length can be different. That is why the buyer does not make sense to purchase trays for a long length and significantly overpay the seller.

Installation

Installation of reinforced concrete trays is not an easy process, requiring special loading equipment. So the weight of each section is quite large.

Installation begins with the excavation of a trench of the desired depth and width. After that, you can start laying trays in the resulting ditches.

This process is carried out using special slings that attach to the loops directly on the trays.

Hinges are part of the reinforcing structure, therefore, regardless of the weight of the tray, they can be used as fasteners. They are reliable enough.

In some cases, before putting the tray into the resulting ditch, you need to prepare the soil in it. This is done by pouring a concrete base into it, from the sides the tray is sprinkled with sand or ordinary soil.

Prices

The price depends on the brand of cement used for the manufacture. But much more on this parameter affects the shape and overall dimensions.

The larger the latter, the higher the price. The cost of heating trays directly depends on the length, width and height.

Prices for regular trays are more affordable. Not only because of the smaller size, but also because of the lower strength:

Trays that have a simple shape - square and rectangular - are somewhat cheaper than their semicircular or trapezoidal counterparts. The reason is a more complex production and transportation process.

Reinforced concrete trays  - A great way to protect various utilities from mechanical damage and the harmful effects of the environment. They are relatively inexpensive, easy to install and operate.

Video: reinforced concrete tray series 3.006.1-2.87

Reinforced concrete tray is a factory-made building element made of reinforced concrete and intended for the construction of various technical structures: communication and water channels, gutters of storm sewer systems, drainage systems, heating mains and various elements of underground and surface communications. We will tell you what types and sizes of reinforced concrete trays exist, what their characteristics and scope are.

Key Tray Features

Dimensions and shape

To understand what are the trays of reinforced concrete, you should consider them in detail. If you do not take into account the nuances, then we can say that these products have a U-shaped cross section and resemble gutters.

In this case, geometrically, the cross section can be either rectangular or trapezoidal, triangular, elliptical or parabolic. For various purposes, one form or another is used depending on the tasks, for example, reinforced concrete culverts of rectangular cross section are used in drainage systems, and triangular - for storm sewers along highways.

Also, special overlappings are produced to the trays. These are reinforced concrete or metal plates, which serve to protect communications from the ingress of unwanted substances and objects, as well as to prevent clogging of drainage channels and drainage gutters.

Tray sizes may vary. Depending on the purpose and brand of the product, their length, width, wall thickness, height and, accordingly, volume may vary. Length and width can vary from 25 - 50 cm to three to six meters, height - from 6 to 160 cm, weight - from 25 kg to 3 or more tons.

Important! According to GOST, the production of reinforced concrete products can have both standard sizes and rarer fractional values. The method of attaching the tray to lifting cables or pulling rods may also vary.

Composition and properties

As already mentioned, the trays are made of reinforced concrete. According to GOST 23009-78, for the production of these concrete products, it should be based on Portland cement of grade M400 and higher. Concrete should be heavy, dense, made on solid aggregates and have a grade of at least M300.

In the manufacturing process, injection molding technology or vibrocompression is used. These methods allow you to create a material of high strength, sufficiently accurate geometry, good water resistance and frost resistance, as it significantly improves its quality.

As reinforcement, steel of class AI - AIII, as well as BP-I, is used, and the diameter of the cross section should be taken at least 6 mm for longitudinal and at least 5 mm for transverse reinforcement. The production of trays is regulated by regulatory documents, the main of which is GOST 21509-85, do-it-yourself instruction does not imply manufacturing.

Important! The materials and technologies used make it possible to call these products high-strength, waterproof and frost-resistant elements of engineering networks, hydraulic engineering and construction structures.

Varieties and purpose

To begin with, it should be said that JBL is divided into three main groups:

1. Drainage concrete trays. Used for the construction of drainage, sewer and collector systems, as well as for the installation of various elements of hydraulic structures and water drainage systems from transport routes;
2. Cable trays. Designed for installation of cable channels, laying of engineering communications, busbar protection and various electrical, communication, information networks and communication channels;
3. Concrete trays for heating mains.  They are used to protect pipes with steam and hot water from contact with melt and groundwater, sedimentary flows, soil and aggressive chemicals. They are characterized by increased strength and resistance to destructive effects of the environment.

In addition, there is a classification by purpose:

• Road. They are used to collect and drain water from highways, pedestrian sidewalks, city carriageways and car parks;
• Rail. There are interway and inter-sleepers (MPL and MSL), designed for drainage of water from railway lines;
• Drainage. Used in the construction of storm sewers, as well as for the diversion of water from the foundations and socles of buildings, its transfer and discharge into the areas allotted for this;
• Drainage. They are used to divert water from household and farm plots, organize the collection and removal of storm and melt water, discharge water from embankments, slopes, bridges, etc. There is a separate type here - telescopic trays that are used to drain fluid from embankments and slopes, including on roads and highways;
• Rain. They are small in size and are used to construct gutters for collecting water in areas around houses, along roads and streets, sidewalks, etc. They are an integral part of storm sewers and landscaping systems;
• Cable. As already mentioned, they are used for the installation of utility networks;
• Heating. Protect pipes from corrosion, soil pressure, soil displacements, as well as from contact with the external environment and heat loss.

The price of products depends on their size, purpose, type and shape. It can range from a few hundred to several thousand rubles apiece.

Important! For convenience, additional elements are produced that are designed to select the length of the channel, otherwise it will require reinforced concrete cutting with diamond wheels. Also, parts can have various technological holes in the walls or bottom, which eliminates the need for diamond drilling of holes in concrete during installation.

Conclusion

Culverts and reinforced concrete trays and cable products are indispensable elements of drainage and drainage systems, storm and street sewers, hot water supply systems and utilities. The use of these products reduces the construction costs of these facilities and speeds up their installation.

The video in this article will help you better understand the features of JBL.

The main task of the reinforced concrete trays is the protection of utility networks. They are subject to significant mechanical stress, therefore, we use heavy concrete as a raw material for the manufacture of the product. Our products comply with GOST 13015. As a basis, longitudinal steel rods and wire are used to perform transverse reinforcement. This frame is poured with concrete.

Main characteristics

Due to compliance with GOST requirements, reinforced concrete trays from ArtCom have the following advantages:

High rates of strength;

Increased resistance to mechanical stress, water, corrosion and chemical compounds;

It is permissible to use our products at facilities where there are complex hydro and geological conditions. Trays are able to withstand earthquakes up to 9 points. When fulfilling the installation and operation rules established by the manufacturer, they will last at least 100 years.

Storage, transportation and installation conditions

Proper storage of the trays implies their storage in piles on the substrate. It is also necessary to diversify the mouth of the trays. The requirements for the height of each stack are not more than 2 m. For transportation, trucks with special containers are used.

In the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, tunnels, it becomes necessary to equip heating mains, a storm system, sewer channels, laying electrical cables and other engineering structures. For this we need durable, high-quality materials, which are reinforced concrete trays.

The use of such structures ensures the stability of various communications to negative environmental factors.

Specifications  trays

Reinforced concrete trays are a universal design designed to equip the area around buildings, park areas, create a storm drainage system, lay an underground heating main, lay cables,   protect communications from external factors and others.

1.1 GOST requirements

Since this design has a very large “responsibility” for the durability and correct functioning of various systems, they are manufactured exclusively at special enterprises and must fully comply with GOST requirements.

Reinforced concrete trays are made of reinforced concrete with a density of at least 2400 kg / m 3 from cement of grade M250 and higher.

For the production of these structures, the technology of vibrocasting or vibropressing is used, which allows to ensure maximum strength of the product, as well as its resistance to temperature changes, mechanical and chemical influences.

Class A-I-A-III fittings with a cross-sectional diameter of at least 6 mm are also used for production, in accordance with the requirements of GOST.

Finished reinforced concrete trays must comply with the operational characteristics prescribed in the GOST rules:

• 0-83;
• 26633-91;
• 10922-90;
• 1-81;
• 21509-76.

Each product, according to the requirements of GOST, must be labeled  based on its purpose:

• LR - trays intended for installation on piles, slabs and other elevations;
• LRH - products that will be laid in the ground.

The numbers involved in the marking indicate the height of the side wall of the product in decimeters.

After manufacturing, reinforced concrete trays are thoroughly tested for compliance with the following requirements of GOST 13015.0-83:

• actual concrete strength in the finished structure;
• quality and compliance with the standards of materials used in the production;
• compliance with requirements for water tightness;
• resistance to temperature extremes;
• compliance of materials and finished products with requirements for use in groundwater and aggressive ground environments;
• compliance with GOST requirements for shape, cross-sectional diameter, reinforcement coefficient and correct position with respect to external planes, reinforcement;
• steel grades, which were used for reinforcing and laying mounting loops;
• compliance with the requirements of the thickness of the protective layer of concrete;
• compliance with GOST standards of pouring technologies and molds used for pouring concrete.

In addition, the GOST rules prescribe the clear dimensions of a product.

The length and width of the trays can range from 25 cm to 6 meters, the height of the wall of the gutter from 6 to 160 centimeters, weight - from 25 kg to 3-4 tons.

2 types of reinforced concrete

GOST regulates not only the size, but also the shape of the trays. Depending on the scope and application, the trays can have a rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular cross section.

1. Trays of square or rectangular cross-section are used mainly for laying various pipelines underground (heating mains, water pipes, electric or communication cables). They serve as a casing that protects the pipeline or cable from the negative effects of the external environment. Elements of the casing are stacked end-to-end. Joints are coated with cement mortar grade M-50 and higher. After the solution dries, the structure is waterproofed by any waterproofing means.
2. Concrete drainage trapezoid trays usually used in the construction of roads and bridges,  namely, the arrangement of drainage and storm sewage. During installation, culverts are inserted into the grooves and are drawn into one common channel from the upper drainage point down the slope. Thanks to this method of docking, they are called telescopic or prefabricated. Open areas, in particular, the entry point of storm sewers, are closed by a grate.
3. Semicircular or parabolic trays are also used for storm sewage, drainage and drainage. They have a more aesthetic appearance, which is why they are more often found in house territories and in park areas. Culvert systems are closed with a steel or cast-iron grate. Its task is to give additional aesthetics and rough filtering of storm water from a large trash.

2.1 Benefits of using JBL

Inexperienced or lazy builders believe that the gutter, for example, for storm sewers can be poured with your own hands directly at construction sites.

The idea is not without common sense, but it is worthwhile to understand that it will not be possible to withstand all the requirements in this case. Therefore, the product will serve much less and will not be able to fully fulfill the tasks assigned to it.

1. Create a protective cover against moisture and further corrosion. Concrete products are used for laying various engineering networks, including heating pipelines, gas pipelines, electrical networks. Moisture and contact with the aggressive environment of such communications can lead to unpredictable tragic consequences. Laying utility networks in a reinforced concrete casing completely solves this problem.
2. Protection against aggressive chemical environment. Soils often contain various chemically active elements. In addition, they can enter the soil from outside. JBL, according to GOST, are processed with special compounds, therefore they are able to withstand chemically active environments.
3. Tightness. The casing of reinforced concrete for underground installation of heating mains or electrical networks, it turns out absolutely tight. Thanks to this, absolute protection against groundwater is provided.
4. Resistance to temperature extremes. Due to this property, reinforced concrete trays can be used both outdoors and underground,  as well as for the arrangement of storm sewers without fear of destruction of the material during severe frosts or sudden changes in temperature.
5. Ease maintenance  and replacement of individual elements. The design of the JBL is thought out in such a way that the replacement of individual elements of the channels does not require special equipment, skills and a lot of time.

2.2 Scope of JBL

The general array of reinforced concrete trays is divided into three main subgroups by scope:

1. Drainage trays are used to equip water channels, drainage, sewer and collector systems. Widely used both in the construction of residential buildings and park areas, and to create drainage systems from roads and railways, bridges, etc. Such trays, as a rule, are delivered complete with a filter grate.
2. Reinforced concrete trays for heating mains. These designs act as casings to protect heating mains, pipelines with hot water and steam from contact with melt and groundwater, aggressive environments and, as a result, prevent the occurrence of corrosion.
3. Cable trays. Designed for secure installation, especially underground, of electrical and communication cables.