Work safety

All work should be carried out in strict accordance with SNiP III-4-80 "safety measures in construction".

Particular attention should be paid to the following:

methods of slinging structural elements must ensure their supply to the installation site in a position close to the design;

elements of mounted structures during movement must be kept from swinging and rotation by flexible guy wires; It is not allowed to find people under the mounted structural elements until they are installed in the design position and secured; when moving structures, the distance between them and the protruding parts of other structures must be horizontal at least 1 m, vertical - 0.5 m;

hoppers for concrete mix must meet GOST 21807-76 *;

moving a loaded or empty hopper is permitted only with the shutter closed;

Ensuring safe working conditions during the construction of monolithic ceilings

Between the main workplaces and the place of installation of the cargo winch, a sound and light alarm and telephone communication should be arranged; in case of their malfunction, the work of cargo stands is not allowed. A table of accepted conditional signal values \u200b\u200bis posted at workplaces.

When materials are being supplied by a crane to the formwork flooring, there should be a signalman in each work shift giving signals to the crane operator.

It is not allowed to leave the cargo cage in suspension during a break in work. In the case of workers entering the cargo mine, the latter should be blocked above the place of work with a metal shield (damper) or boards.

It is allowed to open mounting openings in cargo shafts at the level of the loading area only after putting the mine hoist into permanent operation.

Loading of cargo stands of a mine hoist in excess of their carrying capacity is not allowed. A table indicating its carrying capacity, as well as a list of goods to be lifted and their mass, should be posted at the loading point of the cargo stand.

Long materials (reinforcement, timber, etc.) must be attached to the cargo rope before lifting the cargo stand.

Between the mine hoist and the mounting openings in the structure at the level of traffic lights (balconies), transitional bridges with fences that meet the requirements must be arranged GOST 23407-78.

When installing the boards of the internal climbing formwork in several tiers, each subsequent tier should be installed only after fixing the lower tier.

Rearrangement of hoisting formwork shields is necessary after concrete reaches the specified strength.

Before removing the spacer rods and releasing the shields of the internal climbing formwork, the latter should be suspended from the elements of the working floor of the formwork. Disconnecting the shields from the working field of the formwork during their rearrangement must be carried out after installing all the spacer rods.

In the process of lifting the formwork, the state of all nodes, joints and fastenings of the formwork elements and lifting devices must be monitored.

When lifting the formwork, it is necessary to prevent the possibility of engagement of its elements for any fixed structures (reinforcement, etc.).

The reinforcement supplied to the installation site should be placed evenly on the formwork working floor, avoiding its overload.

It is not allowed to climb the formwork working floor or lower it to the suspended scaffolding along the installed reinforcing rods.

Before laying concrete mix, the condition of the formwork, scaffolds and containers should be checked.

When laying concrete mixture in the formwork, it is necessary to use movable baffle plates, funnels or trunks, excluding the fall of the concrete mixture outside the formwork.

The concrete mix loaded into the cargo cage of the mine hoist should be carefully leveled before lifting. The level of the concrete mixture should be at least 5 cm lower than the edge of the bucket.

When compacting the concrete mix, it is not allowed to move the electrovibrator over the current-carrying wire. During breaks in operation and during transitions from one place to another, the electrovibrator must be rejected.

The flooring of the working floor of the formwork, suspended scaffolding and protective floors must be systematically cleaned of construction waste. Debris must be lowered down in the cargo stand of the mine hoist or in the bunkers using a crane. Going to the protective floor to clean it is allowed if all work above the floor is stopped.

An external running (or emergency) staircase and traffic lights should be installed in parallel with the construction of the structure.

At the workplace on suspended scaffolding, the formwork should be no more than two people.

It is necessary to dismantle the formwork, underground devices, working floor and suspended scaffolding in a sequence that ensures the stability of the elements removed later.

When dismantling the panels of the external climbing formwork, each shield must be suspended from the elements of the working floor of the formwork.

It is not allowed to lay elements of dismantled formwork on scaffolding.

It is forbidden to lean on the railing of the working floor of the formwork and suspended scaffolding reinforcement, jack rods, boards and other materials.

When performing a reshaping of a suspended scaffold, the correct tightening of bolted joints must be checked.

When installing, reassembling and dismantling the protective floors, all the elevator shafts, except the cargo stand shaft, must be covered with shields.

The descent of the dismantled elements should be carried out in the cargo stands of the mine hoist or with a crane.

The safety belt according to GOST 12.4.089-80 must be used when performing the following types of work:

treetop work related to the installation, operation and dismantling of special hoisting machines and technological equipment;

installation of an external navigation ladder, traffic lights and lightning protection;

work on suspended scaffolds;

devices, remounting and dismantling of protective floors.

It is forbidden for people to stay and perform any work in the zone of electric heating (electric heating) of concrete.

In the area of \u200b\u200belectric heating (electric heating), it is necessary to use insulated flexible cables or wires in a protective hose. It is not allowed to lay wires with broken insulation.

The electric heating zone of concrete should be monitored around the clock by electricians.

After each movement to a new place of electrical equipment used for heating concrete, it is necessary to visually check the condition of the insulation of wires, protective equipment for fencing and grounding.

When performing monolithic works with the use of removable formwork, it is very important to pay attention to safety (TB), since human life and health are incomparably more expensive than the product or service provided in any field of activity.

The tasks of safety during monolithic work include:
  - elimination of emergencies that threaten the life or health of people;
  - reduction of injuries and occupational diseases to a minimum.

In order to protect working personnel, it is not enough to take a number of technical measures related to safety (install fences, warning signs, etc.). Among other things, personnel must be instructed and tested to have knowledge of safety rules.

Depending on the nature of the briefing, there are:
  - introductory briefing on TB;
  - primary (conducted directly at the workplace);
  - repeated;
  - unscheduled (usually carried out if there was an emergency);
  - target (before carrying out uncharacteristic for a specific technological process or rarely performed operation).

General safety requirements

When arranging the formwork, installing the reinforcing cage, pouring the building mixture and other works characteristic of monolithic construction using removable formwork, it is necessary to ensure that the condition of the structures is stable. Wall formwork, depending on the height, must be fixed by one- or two-level struts, the scaffolds must be firmly fixed to the supporting frame of the formwork panels.

Formwork and monolithic work should be carried out by properly qualified personnel who have been trained in safety under the supervision and supervision of an engineering and technical worker (foreman or foreman).

It is forbidden to place materials, tools and equipment on the formwork for monolithic construction and scaffolds that are not provided for by the project and the technology for performing work. Staying on the formwork flooring of people who are not directly involved in monolithic and formwork works is also prohibited.

Equipment for moving and finding workers (scaffolds, stairs, ladders, etc.) must be securely attached to the elements of removable formwork.

If the construction formwork is mounted in several tiers vertically, then each subsequent tier can be installed only after checking the correctness and reliability of the previous installation.

As supports for removable formwork, only the standard elements included in the formwork system should be used. Fixing the formwork of walls, foundations, ceilings, etc. with the help of auxiliary materials is strictly prohibited.

When installing construction formwork, all elements that can be adjusted (telescopic racks, threaded pivots, eccentric locks, etc.) must be tightened or securely fixed.

Quality control of installation and fastening of removable formwork and scaffolds is carried out daily. All inconsistencies found should be rectified immediately.

If work is performed on an inclined surface with an angle of more than 20 degrees to the horizontal, workers should use safety belts.

The formwork system must be dismantled in the reverse order of installation. It is necessary to take measures against the accidental collapse of individual elements of removable formwork.

If there is a technical possibility, wall formwork must be dismantled by large modules with their subsequent disassembly into components on the ground.

The construction site should be equipped with fire extinguishing means (a shield with a tool, sandboxes, fire extinguishers, etc.).

Building Requirements

All protective fences erected during the construction of formwork must meet the requirements of the State Standard 12.4.059-89 “Construction. Inventory safety fences. "

When using sliding construction formwork, in order to protect personnel from possible falling objects, suspended scaffolds should be protected by a rigid metal visor over the entire width of the scaffolds.

Vertical apertures through which the raising or lowering of materials, tools and equipment should be blocked by frets.

All tiers of runs and open ceilings should be blocked by technological planks or metal floorings, which are guaranteed to withstand workloads (from the weight of workers, materials and equipment). When pouring concrete, temporary floorings should be removed only in areas falling into the area of \u200b\u200bwork currently underway.

Category: Concrete works

Safety formwork

The formwork used for the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures is manufactured and applied in strict accordance with the design of the work. When installing the formwork in several tiers, each subsequent tier is installed only after fixing the previous one.

It is not allowed to place equipment and materials on the formwork that are not provided for by the project for the production of work, as well as the stay of people not involved in the production of work

The formwork is dismantled only after concrete reaches the specified strength with the permission of the manufacturer, and especially critical structures with the permission of the chief engineer.

Mounted formwork elements are released from the hook of the lifting mechanism only after their temporary or permanent fastening.

In the absence of mounting scaffolds, the formwork panels are fixed to the supporting structures and only after that they are torn off from the concrete.

In the workplace of formwork, safe working conditions must be created. If work is carried out simultaneously on several tiers, workplaces are reliably protected from above and below in case of falling tools and formwork elements.

In places of storage of formwork elements, the width of the aisles should be at least 1 m. The descent into the pits is equipped with stairs with a railing.

Formwork panels, scaffolding and fixture elements are lifted and delivered to the installation site in bags or special containers by lifting mechanisms, packages are covered with slings in at least two places. Elements of fasteners and joints (locks, clamps, ties, etc.) formwork is served only in special containers.

When applying greases to the formwork with a pneumatic sprayer, workers should wear glasses, respirators, overalls, mittens and rubber boots.

At the time of concreting, a duty worker is appointed, who periodically (1 ... 2 times per hour) inspects the formwork and, in case of deformation of its individual elements, supporting racks or other parts, calls the wizard to take measures to correct the detected defects. All defects associated with the violation of the structure of the laid concrete mixture can be corrected within 1 ... 2 hours after laying the mixture.

The procurement of all formwork elements is best done in special workshops or at landfills. At the same time, students are forbidden to work on circular or longitudinal saws, and professional workers should perform the preparation and cutting of boards using these mechanisms.

When installing the formwork elements in several tiers in height, each next tier is performed after the previous one is firmly fixed. It is forbidden to simultaneously perform work in two tiers on the same vertical.

When working at a height of more than 1.5 m (if it is not possible to build fences), workers are provided with safety belts with carbines and indicate the place of reliable fastening of the chain or rope of the safety belt.

Shield formwork of columns, girders or beams with a height of up to 5 m above ground level or overlapping can be installed from portable staircases equipped with enclosed work platforms. At a higher altitude, work must be carried out from inventory scaffolds or scaffolding, which also has fenced flooring. Building builders must have a special certificate for the right to perform climbing work.

The installation of formwork parts or self-supporting formwork blocks at a height of more than 5 m should be carried out by professional workers who are at least 18 years old, who underwent a medical examination, have a discharge of at least 3 and experience climbing at least 1 year. In this case, the use of safety belts is mandatory.

Along the entire perimeter of the installed formwork of the ceilings, fencing is necessary, and fencing is also carried out when the buildings are demolished.

Suspended formwork of reinforced concrete floors of buildings should be arranged with such a construction of fastenings that, when laying the concrete mixture, would not allow its displacement or swinging.

The detachment commander, together with the foreman and the public safety inspector, must check every day before concreting the formwork, the strength of the working decks and fences, and the reliability of the stairs. If malfunctions are found, they are eliminated before the concrete mix is \u200b\u200blaid.

Storage of materials, not provided for by the project, on the working floor of the formwork, as well as the congestion of people on it, must not be allowed. It is forbidden to store dismantled formwork elements on the scaffolds, as well as to dump them from the structure.

Left holes in the formwork flooring must be fenced or covered with strong shields. Protruding nails should be removed from previously used boards. It is forbidden even for a short time to lay boards or boards with the tips of the nails up.

Flooring of scaffolds, scaffolds and stepladders located above 1.1 m from the ground or floor level is equipped with a railing at least 1 m high, consisting of a planed handrail, one horizontal element and a side board with a height of at least 150 mm. Boards should be placed on the flooring, and the railing elements should be fixed to the racks from the inside. The height of the passages on the scaffolds is left at least 1.8 m. The installed formwork of the ceilings should have a fence around the entire perimeter.

Builders performing formwork must undergo introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, about which they make appropriate entries in the safety journals of construction organizations. Builders who do not have the skills to handle carpentry tools and devices are not allowed to perform shuttering. Formwork should be carried out by young men at least 18 years old.

Formwork with all types of formwork must be carried out in strict compliance with the rules SNiP ІІІ-4-80 * "Safety in construction". M., 1989 p. (The changes were published in GOST No. 8 of 1984 p., No. 12 of 1987 p., No. 2 of 1988 p., Change No. 4, approved by resolution of 05/18/89 No. 82, as well as the explanations published in GOST No. 7 of 1990 p.).

The scaffold, steps, fences that are included in the formwork design warehouse, as well as the mounting scaffolds, must meet the requirements of SNiP ІІІ-4-80 *.

At a wind speed of more than 16 m / s, it is forbidden to mount or dismantle formwork panels (panels) and to perform any operations with them.

Regardless of the presence or absence of an electrothermal treatment system, all formwork on the installation horizon must be grounded. The system of external lighting of the installation horizon must be low-voltage or special measures for electrical protection must be provided.

When you turn on the electrothermobrocessing system, operating under a voltage of more than 60 V, access to the capture is allowed only to an electrician on duty and a laboratory assistant who controls the heating mode. Staff must wear rubber boots and rubber gloves. At the entrance to the capture you must hang a warning sign.

To illuminate blocks, tunnels, space under tables, it is necessary to use portable lamps up to 42 V with a flexible rubber cable, which eliminates the short circuit to the formwork.

When mounting or dismantling the formwork panels (panels), as well as installing them in storage areas or in places of cleaning and lubrication, it is forbidden to remove slings until the panel (panel) is fixed.

On the mounting horizon, the panels (panels) of the large-panel formwork should be fixed to the previously installed panels (panels), with ties to the panel located opposite and with the corner element to the panel located at an angle. The panel (shield) should be installed in the stock on the front of the object composition, as well as at the place of cleaning and lubrication. The first two panels mounted on the grip must be locked.

When removing the slings of the formwork mounting loops, climb to the mounting loops only on the slipways or inventory climbing ladders included in the formwork design. It is forbidden to work from boxes or other non-inventory supports, and also to climb to the mounting loops from the side of the formwork.

It is forbidden to remove panels of large-panel formwork (“tables”) and half-tunnels of space-climbing formwork from concreted cells to the main facade if the crane is located on the side of the facade doors and vice versa.

When removing the “tables” or half-tunnels on the facade from under the concreted floor by the method of successive retroping, it is forbidden to go to the part of the formwork protruding from under the floor to remove the slings. These operations must be performed at the edge of the floor.

To prevent the rolling out of “tables” or half-tunnels to overlap inside the cell, it is necessary to install inventory stop stops for the rear wheels of the “table” or half-tunnel.

When carrying the formwork with a crane, the following

requirements:

a) before lifting the formwork, check for loose objects (tools, nuts, ties, etc.) on it;

b) make the formwork sling only for specially provided mounting loops;

c) when lifting the formwork, installers must be at a distance of at least 7 m from it;

g) it is allowed to approach the formwork when it is at a height of 0.3 m above the installation site.

13. It is forbidden to install (even temporarily) on the scaffold and formwork buckets with concrete and other loads, except as provided for by the project for the production of works.

14. Concrete installers must use:

a) rubber boots and rubber gloves - when performing electric welding work or when working with an electrified tool, a voltage of more than 60 V on the installation horizon. This requirement applies not only to the welder or working with an electrified tool, but also to all workers

b) goggles - when cleaning the formwork with scrapers;

c) mounting belts - when slinging the formwork by the method of successive retroping.