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Educational project on geometry sphere and ball. Research work “Mysteries of balloons Download presentation on the topic balloon

Zinaida Trubina
Research work “Riddles of balloons”

MUNICIPAL PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

KINDERGARTEN No. 24 MUNICIPAL EDUCATION

UST-LABINSKY DISTRICT.

Research paper topic:

« Balloon Riddles

Completed

Menafov Shamil

Syrovatkina Victoria.

Educator

Trubina Zinaida Viktorovna.

INTRODUCTION…3

HISTORY OF CREATION BALLOONS…. 4

PRACTICAL PART...7

CONCLUSION…. eleven

BIBLIOGRAPHY…. 12

APPLICATIONS…. 13

INTRODUCTION

Air balloons. It seems like such a simple and ordinary thing. But in fact, this is a huge scope for physical experiments. You can use them to perform various tests and experiments.

Project objectives

1. Conduct a series of experiments and tests on balls

2. Analyze the observed phenomena and formulate conclusions

Create a multimedia presentation

.Target: make a selection of experiments in physics that can be shown on balloons.

Tasks: 1. Review of literature and the Internet to find experiments on balloons.

2. Check whether all experiments are feasible and adjust the progress of the experiments. Carry out these experiments.

3. Explain the result of the experiment

Methods research:

1. Study of literature.

2. Search the Internet.

3. Conducting experiments.

4. Observation.

A little history.

Looking at modern Balloons, many people think that this bright, cuddly toy has only recently become available. Some more knowledgeable people believe that air balls appeared somewhere in the middle of the last century.

But in fact - no! Story balls, filled air, started much earlier. In former times, painted balls made from animal intestines decorated the squares where sacrifices and festivities of noble people of the Roman Empire were held. After air Balloons began to be used by traveling artists, creating decorations with balloons to attract new viewers. Subject balloons also touched upon in Russian chronicles - buffoons, performing for Prince Vladimir, used balls made from bull bladders.

The first balls of the modern type were created by the famous English electricity researcher, Queen's University Professor Michael Faraday. But he did not create them to distribute to children or to sell at a fair. He was just experimenting with hydrogen.

Interesting is the way Faraday created his Balloons. He cut out two pieces of rubber, placed them on top of each other, glued the outline, and sprinkled flour in the middle so that the sides did not stick to each other.

Faraday's idea was taken up by rubber toy pioneer Thomas Hancock. He created his balls in the form of a set "do it yourself" consisting of a bottle of liquid rubber and a syringe. In 1847, vulcanized balls were introduced in London by J. G. Ingram. Even then, he used them as toys to sell to children. As a matter of fact, it is they who can be called the prototype of modern balls.

About 80 years later, the scientific hydrogen bag turned into a popular fun: Rubber balls were widely used in Europe during city festivals. Due to the gas that filled them, they could rise upward - and this was very popular with the public, who had not yet been spoiled by any air flights, nor other miracles of technology.

In 1931, Neil Tylotson produced the first modern, latex balloon. And since then air The balls were finally able to change! Before that, they could only be round - but with the advent of latex, for the first time it became possible to create long, narrow balls.

This innovation immediately found application: designers who decorate holidays began to create from balls compositions in the form of dogs, giraffes, airplanes, hats. Clowns began to use them, inventing unusual figures.

PRACTICAL PART

Experiment No. 1

1. Ball piercing trick.

EquipmentYou will need an inflated balloon, tape, metal knitting needle or long awl.

It is necessary to stick pieces of tape on diametrically opposite points of the ball. It will be better if these points are close to the “poles” (i.e. the top and the very bottom). Then the trick can work even without tape. Feel free to insert an awl or knitting needle so that it passes through the areas sealed with tape.

The secret of the trick is that although a hole will form, the tape will prevent the pressure from breaking the ball. And the knitting needle itself will close the hole, preventing air to come out of it.

Experiment No. 2

"2. Fireproof ball trick.

Equipment candle, one inflated and one new balloon(this second balloon must be filled with tap water, and then inflated and tied so that the water remains inside).

Light a candle, bring a regular ball to the fire - as soon as the flame touches it. it will burst.

Now let’s “conjure” the second ball and declare that it is no longer afraid of fire. Bring it to the candle flame. The fire will touch the ball, but nothing will happen to it!

This trick clearly demonstrates such a physical concept as “thermal conductivity”.

The secret of the trick is that the water in the ball “takes” all the heat from the candle onto itself, so the surface of the ball does not heat up to a dangerous temperature.

Experiment No. 4

Air ball as a jet engine.

Equipment ball, machine.

This visual model demonstrates the principle work jet engines. Its principle work in that that jet air, escaping from the ball, after it has been inflated and released, pushes the machine in the opposite direction.

Experiment No. 5

Inflate the balloon with carbon dioxide.

Equipment: plastic bottle, ball, vinegar, soda, funnel.

Pour baking soda into a plastic bottle through a funnel. (we poured 2 tablespoons) and pour a little table vinegar there (approximately). Many people are familiar with this experience: this is how children are usually shown a volcano - as a result of a violent chemical reaction, a lot of foam is produced, which “escaps” from the vessel. But this time we are not interested in foam (this is just an appearance, but what is produced during this reaction is carbon dioxide. It is invisible. But we can catch it if we immediately pull it onto the neck of the bottle balloon. Then you can see how the released carbon dioxide inflates the balloon.

The secret of the trick: Add vinegar to the soda - as a result of a chemical reaction, carbon dioxide is released, which inflates the balloon.

Experiment No.6

Trick with inflating a balloon in a bottle.

Equipment Prepare two plastic bottles and two uninflated hot air balloon. Everything should be the same, except that in one bottle you need to make an inconspicuous small hole in the bottom. Pull the balls onto the necks of the bottles and tuck them inside. Make sure you get a bottle with a hole. Offer to arrange competition: Who will be the first to inflate the balloon inside the bottle? The result of this competition is predetermined - your partner will not be able to inflate the balloon even a little, but you will succeed in doing it perfectly.

The secret of the trick is that in order to inflate a ball in a bottle, you will need a place where it will expand. But the whole bottle is already full air! Therefore, there is nowhere for the ball to inflate. To make this happen, you need to make a hole in the bottle through which excess air.

Experiment No.7

Losing weight and getting fat ball.

Equipment: ball, tailor's meter, refrigerator.

The fact that various bodies and gases expand from heat and contract from cold can be easily demonstrated by example hot air balloon.

The experiment can be carried out using a refrigerator. Let's inflate in a warm room balloon. Using a tailor's meter, measure its circumference (we got 80.6 cm). After this, put the ball in the refrigerator for 20-30 minutes. And again we measure its circumference. We found that the ball “lost weight” by almost a centimeter (in our experience it became 79.7 cm). This happened due to the fact that air inside the ball it shrank and began to occupy less volume.

Experiment No.8

Lunokhod on air cushion

Equipment to make a lunar rover for us will be needed: CD, glue, bottle cap with baby water, balloon.

Before our balloons burst, we decided to use them to create vehicles. Lunokhod on air pillow The lid was glued to the disk, a balloon was put on top and it was inflated. There was an attempt to first inflate the balloon and then put it on the cork, but this turned out to be very inconvenient. Air breaks out of the ball and is created "layer" between the floor and the disk - air bag.

CONCLUSION

On air balls, you can study the laws of pressure of bodies and gases, thermal expansion (compression, gas pressure, density of liquids and gases, Archimedes' law; you can even design instruments for measuring and research physical processes.

Our experiments prove that the ball is an excellent tool for studying physical phenomena and laws. Use our you can work at school, in 7th grade, when studying sections "Initial information about the structure of matter", "Pressure of solids, liquids and gases". The collected historical material can be used in physics classes and extracurricular activities.

A computer presentation created on the basis of the practical part will help schoolchildren quickly understand the essence of the physical phenomena being studied and will arouse a great desire to conduct experiments using simple equipment

It is obvious that our Job contributes to the formation of genuine interest in the study of physics.

While studying this topic, we found information about what to inflate air Balloons are not only fun, but also useful! It turns out that they “give” health to our lungs. Inflation balls has a positive effect on our throat (it even serves as a means of preventing sore throat, and also helps strengthen our voice. Singers often use this help, since such training helps them breathe correctly while singing.

Bibliography

1. The Big Book of Experiments for Schoolchildren / ed. A. Meyani - M.: Rosmen Press. 2012

2. http://adalin.mospsy.ru/l_01_00/op09.shtml

3. http://class-fizika.narod.ru/o54.htm

4http://physik.ucoz.ru/publ/opyty_po_fizike/ehlektricheskie_javlenija

5. Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.demaholding.ru

6. [Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.genon.ru

7. [Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.brav-o.ru

8. [Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.vashprazdnik.com

9. [Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.aerostat.biz

10. [Electronic resource]. Mode access: www.sims.ru

11. Turkina G. Physics on balloons. // Physics. 2008. No. 16.

Slide 2

A sphere is a surface that consists of all points in space located at a given distance from a given point. This point is called the center, and the given distance is the radius of the sphere, or ball - a body bounded by a sphere. A ball consists of all points in space located at a distance no more than a given point from a given point.

Slide 3

The segment connecting the center of the ball with a point on its surface is called the radius of the ball. A segment connecting two points on the surface of a ball and passing through the center is called the diameter of the ball, and the ends of this segment are called diametrically opposite points of the ball.

Slide 4

What is the distance between diametrically opposite points of the ball if the distance of the point lying on the surface of the ball from the center is known? ? 18

Slide 5

A ball can be considered as a body obtained by rotating a semicircle around a diameter as an axis.

Slide 6

Let the area of ​​the semicircle be known. Find the radius of the ball, which is obtained by rotating this semicircle around the diameter. ? 4

Slide 7

Theorem. Any section of a ball by a plane is a circle. A perpendicular dropped from the center of the ball onto a cutting plane ends up in the center of this circle.

Given: Prove:

Slide 8

Proof:

Consider a right triangle whose vertices are the center of the ball, the base of a perpendicular dropped from the center onto the plane, and an arbitrary section point.

Slide 9

Consequence. If the radius of the ball and the distance from the center of the ball to the section plane are known, then the radius of the section is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

Slide 10

Let the diameter of the ball and the distance from the center of the ball to the cutting plane be known. Find the radius of the circle of the resulting section. ? 10

Slide 11

The smaller the distance from the center of the ball to the plane, the larger the radius of the section.

Slide 12

A ball of radius five has a diameter and two sections perpendicular to this diameter. One of the sections is located at a distance of three from the center of the ball, and the second is at the same distance from the nearest end of the diameter. Mark the section whose radius is larger. ?

Slide 13

Task.

Three points are taken on a sphere of radius R, which are the vertices of a regular triangle with side a. At what distance from the center of the sphere is the plane passing through these three points? Given: Find:

Slide 14

Consider a pyramid with the top in the center of the ball and the base in this triangle. Solution:

Slide 15

Let's find the radius of the circumscribed circle, and then consider one of the triangles formed by the radius, the lateral edge of the pyramid and the height. Let's find the height using the Pythagorean theorem. Solution:

Slide 16

The largest radius of the section is obtained when the plane passes through the center of the ball. The circle obtained in this case is called a great circle. A large circle divides the ball into two hemispheres.

Slide 17

In a ball whose radius is known, two large circles are drawn. What is the length of their common segment? ? 12

Slide 18

A plane and a line, tangent to a sphere.

A plane that has only one common point with a sphere is called a tangent plane. The tangent plane is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency.

Slide 19

Let a ball whose radius is known lie on a horizontal plane. In this plane, through the point of tangency and point B, a segment is drawn, the length of which is known. What is the distance from the center of the ball to the opposite end of the segment? ? 6

Slide 20

A straight line is called tangent if it has exactly one common point with the sphere. Such a straight line is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of contact. An infinite number of tangent lines can be drawn through any point on the sphere.

Slide 21

Given a ball whose radius is known. A point is taken outside the ball and a tangent to the ball is drawn through it. The length of the tangent segment from a point outside the ball to the point of contact is also known. How far from the center of the ball is the outer point? ? 4

Slide 22

The sides of the triangle are 13cm, 14cm and 15cm. Find the distance from the plane of the triangle to the center of the ball touching the sides of the triangle. The radius of the ball is 5 cm. Problem. Given: Find:

Slide 23

The section of the sphere passing through the points of contact is a circle inscribed in triangle ABC. Solution:

Slide 24

Let's calculate the radius of a circle inscribed in a triangle. Solution:

Slide 25

Knowing the radius of the section and the radius of the ball, we will find the required distance. Solution:

Slide 26

Through a point on a sphere whose radius is given, a great circle and a section are drawn intersecting the plane of the great circle at an angle of sixty degrees. Find the cross-sectional area. ? π

Slide 27

The relative position of two balls.

If two balls or spheres have only one common point, then they are said to touch. Their common tangent plane is perpendicular to the line of centers (the straight line connecting the centers of both balls).

Slide 28

The contact of the balls can be internal or external.

Slide 29

The distance between the centers of two touching balls is five, and the radius of one of the balls is three. Find the values ​​that the radius of the second ball can take. ? 2 8

Slide 30

Two spheres intersect in a circle. The line of centers is perpendicular to the plane of this circle and passes through its center.

Slide 31

Two spheres of the same radius, equal to five, intersect, and their centers are at a distance of eight. Find the radius of the circle along which the spheres intersect. To do this, it is necessary to consider the section passing through the centers of the spheres. ? 3

Slide 32

Inscribed and circumscribed spheres.

A sphere (ball) is said to be circumscribed about a polyhedron if all the vertices of the polyhedron lie on the sphere.

Slide 33

What quadrilateral can lie at the base of a pyramid inscribed in a sphere? ?

Slide 34

A sphere is said to be inscribed in a polyhedron, in particular, in a pyramid, if it touches all the faces of this polyhedron (pyramid).

Slide 35

At the base of a triangular pyramid lies an isosceles triangle, the base and sides are known. All lateral edges of the pyramid are equal to 13. Find the radii of the circumscribed and inscribed spheres. Task. Given: Find:

Slide 36

Stage I. Finding the radius of the inscribed sphere.

1) The center of the circumscribed ball is removed from all the vertices of the pyramid at the same distance equal to the radius of the ball, and in particular, from the vertices of triangle ABC. Therefore, it lies on the perpendicular to the plane of the base of this triangle, which is reconstructed from the center of the circumscribed circle. In this case, this perpendicular coincides with the height of the pyramid, since its side edges are equal. Solution.

The symbol of the ball is the globality of the Earth's ball. A symbol of the future, it differs from the cross in that the latter personifies suffering and human death. In Ancient Egypt, they first came to the conclusion that the earth was spherical. This assumption served as the basis for numerous thoughts about the immortality of the earth and the possibility of immortality of the living organisms inhabiting it.


















This point (O) is called the center of the sphere. Any segment connecting the center and any point of the sphere is called the radius of the sphere (R-radius of the sphere). A segment connecting two points of a sphere and passing through its center is called the diameter of the sphere. Obviously, the diameter of the sphere is 2R.


Definition of a ball A ball is a body that consists of all points in space located at a distance not greater than a given one from a given point (or a figure bounded by a sphere). A body bounded by a sphere is called a ball. The center, radius and diameter of a sphere are also called the center, radius and diameter of a ball. Ball








The plane passing through the center of the ball is called the diametral plane. The plane passing through the center of the ball is called the diametral plane. The section of a ball by the diametral plane is called a great circle, and the section of a sphere is called a great circle. The section of a ball by the diametral plane is called a great circle, and the section of a sphere is called a great circle.














X²+y²=R²-d² If d>R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points. R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points."> R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points."> R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points." title="x²+y²=R² -d² If d>R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points."> title="x²+y²=R²-d² If d>R, then the sphere and the plane do not have common points."> !}





Tangent plane to a sphere Tangent plane to a sphere A plane that has only one common point with the sphere is called a tangent plane to the sphere, the tangent point A of the plane and the sphere. And their common point is called the tangent point A of the plane and the sphere.


Theorem: The radius of a sphere drawn to the point of contact between the sphere and the plane is perpendicular to the tangent plane. Proof: Consider the plane α tangent to the sphere with center O at point A. Let us prove that OA is perpendicular to α. Let's assume that this is not the case. Then the radius OA is inclined to the plane α, and, therefore, the distance from the center of the sphere to the plane is less than the radius of the sphere. Therefore, the sphere and the plane intersect along a circle. This contradicts the fact that tangent, i.e. the sphere and the plane have only one common point. The resulting contradiction proves that OA is perpendicular to α.






Sphere and ball

Creative project name

The many faces of "Round bodies"

Subject, class

Geometry, 11th grade

Brief summary of the project

In life we ​​often use the words sphere, ball. While working on the project, you will become familiar with the scientific concepts of a sphere, a ball and their elements, and in the future you will competently use these terms. Having derived the equation of a sphere, you will learn to write it for a given center and radius and, conversely, to determine from the equation whether the surface is a sphere. It will be quite interesting to consider all possible cases of the arrangement of a sphere and a plane, to get acquainted with the definition of a tangent plane to a sphere and the theorems expressing the properties and sign of a plane tangent to a sphere. Get acquainted with the formula for calculating the area of ​​a sphere. And, of course, you will learn to solve problems on this topic at both compulsory and advanced levels.

Over the centuries, humanity has not ceased to expand its scientific knowledge in one or another field of science. Many scientific geometers, and even ordinary people, were interested in such a figure as a ball and its “shell”, called a sphere. Many real objects in physics, astronomy, biology and other natural sciences are spherical. Therefore, the study of the properties of the ball was given a significant role in various historical eras and is given a significant role in our time.

I wish you success!

Reflective blog

Guys, write your feedback after each stage of the project in a reflective blog

Guiding Questions

Fundamental Question

How to explore the laws and patterns of the Universe?

Problematic issues

  • What is the relationship between geometry and other fields of science?
  • What are round bodies associated with?
  • Why were many scientific geometers interested in such a figure as a ball and its “shell”, called a sphere?

Study questions

  1. Give definitions of sphere and sphere. What do they have in common and what are their differences?
  2. How can a sphere and a ball be obtained?
  3. How to write the equation of a sphere if its center and radius are given?
  4. How many possible cases of mutual arrangement of a sphere and a plane? What does it depend on? Sections of a sphere and a ball.
  5. What plane is called the plane tangent to the sphere? What is its main property? Is it possible to determine whether a given plane is tangent to a sphere?
  6. Formula for the area of ​​a sphere.
  7. The relative position of a sphere and a straight line.
  8. Ellipse, hyperbola, parabola as sections of a cone.
  9. A sphere inscribed in a polyhedron, a sphere circumscribed about a polyhedron.

Project plan

Project business card

Teacher's publication. Booklet for parents

Teacher presentation to identify student ideas and interests

Working groups and research questions

Group “Mathematics” Belyakova Maria, Kobeleva Alena, Morozova Yulia

Summarize the material on the topic “Sphere and Ball” studied in the school geometry course;

Find and compare all definitions of sphere and sphere;

Prepare summary tables and a collection of tasks.

Group “Geographers” Kononykhina Alena, Prokofieva Albina, Samorodov Maxim

Find the first mentions of the Earth as a spherical surface;

Find materials indicating the evolutionary development of planet Earth.

Group “Astronomers” Eremin Vladislav, Kuzmin Evgeniy, Pavlochev Ilya

Find connections between geometry and astronomy;

Find evidence of the sphericity of the Earth from the point of view of astronomy;

Find materials about the structure of the solar system.

Group “Philosophers” Gogoleva Anastasia, Pukosenko Victoria, Chernova Yulia

Find material that connects the geometric body - the sphere with the concepts of philosophy;

Determine the types of spheres from the point of view of philosophy.

Group “Art Critics” Zhaksalikova Nadezhda, Kabanina Yulia, Chemis Valentina

Find paintings and engravings that depict the sphere.

Group “Academic Council” Astanaeva Marina, Balaeva Irina, Rostunova Yulia

Conduct an analysis of Unified State Examination tasks. Select assignments on this topic. Select tasks for final review.

Suggested topics for student projects

"The relative position of the sphere and the plane"

"Ball and Sphere"

“The ball is a symbol of God”

"Harmony of the Ball"

"Music of the Sphere"

"Sphere and ball in architecture"

"Sphere and ball in the world around us"

Email addresses of project participants

I ask all project participants to enter their data into the table after completing registration on the Gmail mail service

Some materials from the theoretical seminar

Results of student project activities

Formative and summative assessment materials

Materials for support and support of project activities

Useful resources

Theoretical material

Sphere. Dictionaries and encyclopedias on Academician Shar. Dictionaries and encyclopedias on Academician Models of lessons. Sphere and ball. Touches and sections. Parts of a ball and sphere Sphere and sphere. Sections of a sphere and a ball by a plane. Tangent plane to a sphere. Ball and sphere. Abstract. Sphere

Kazakova Daria, Emelyanova Ksenia, Sidorin Andrey

Relevance of the topic: every little child loves it when their parents buy them balloons. Various balloons. They can be of different sizes and colors, some may fly away if you let him go, while others will fall to the ground. But not every child knows when the balls appeared or what they are made of.

Hypothesis: any balloon is made of a material that increases in size when any substance gets into it. Goals: Find out the history of the balloon. Research objectives: - collect information about who invented the first ball;- what are balloons made of? - what types of balloons are there? - what are balloons used for? - under what conditions can balloons change their size.

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Slide captions:

The work was completed by: students of grade 4 “B” of GBOU secondary school No. 2017 Ksenia Emelyanova, Daria Kazakova, Andrey Sidorin. "Secrets of the Balloon"

Relevance of the topic: every little child loves it when their parents buy them balloons. Various balloons. They can be of different sizes and colors, some may fly away if you let him go, while others will fall to the ground. But not every child knows when the balls appeared or what they are made of. Hypothesis: any balloon is made of a material that increases in size when any substance gets into it. Objectives: Find out the history of the appearance of the balloon. Research objectives: - collect information about who invented the first ball; - what are balloons made from? - what types of balloons are there? - What are balloons used for? - under what conditions can balls change their size? 18.1.15

What is a hot air balloon? A balloon is not only a toy, without which no holiday is complete; it is mainly used for decorating rooms and holidays. A balloon is a flying machine (aerostat) that uses lighter-than-air gas for flight. 18.1.15

When and where did the first ball appear? The first balloons were made from animal bladders (pig). Modern balloons were born in 1824. They were invented by the English scientist Michael Faraday.

What is helium? Helium is one of the most common elements in the Universe, second only to hydrogen. Helium is also the second lightest chemical substance (after hydrogen). Helium is widely used in industry and the national economy: for filling aeronautical vessels (airships and balloons) - with a slight loss in lift compared to hydrogen, helium is absolutely safe due to its non-flammability; in breathing mixtures for deep-sea diving; for filling balloons Hydrogen is the most common element in the Universe. Hydrogen is the lightest gas. Hydrogen is widely used in many industries: chemical (soaps and plastics), food (margarine from liquid vegetable oils), aviation (hydrogen is very light and always rises in the air. Once upon a time, airships and balloons were filled with hydrogen), in meteorology (for filling balloon shells), hydrogen is used as rocket fuel. 18.1.15

What are balls made of today? Balloons are made of latex and foil. 18.1.15

What is latex? Latex is the processed sap of the Hevea rubber tree. What is foil? Foil is metal “paper”, a thin and flexible metal sheet.

Types of Balloons Classic Latex Balloons Modeling Balloons Packaging Balloons Mylar (Foil) Balloons Walking Foil Balloons Blower Balloons Flying Balloons

Flying balloons. Balloons were used to partially solve the off-road problem in the old days. During the war, hot air balloons were used as aerial observation posts and barrages to protect cities from bomber raids. Nowadays, balloons are mainly used to study the upper atmosphere to obtain weather information.

What can you use to inflate balloons? 1.Hand pump. 2. Electric pump. 3. Gel. 4. Lips. 5.Using baking soda and table vinegar (only with the help of adults)

18.1.15 Experiment 1. Conclusion: when any latex ball is inflated, it changes its size, and when the air begins to escape, the ball shrinks and becomes the same as it was before the start of the experiment.

18.1.15 Experiment 2. . Conclusion: this experiment proves that latex balloons are made from a material that can be changed in size and that they are very durable.

Experiment 3. 18.1.15 Conclusion: this experiment proves that it is better to inflate foil balloons using special devices.

18.1.15 Conclusion: before the experiment we thought that a ball of foil with water would burst, but this experiment proves that experiments prove that foil balls are made of a material that allows them to change size when any substance is placed inside, that they are durable. Experience 4.

Conclusion: Using baking soda and vinegar, you can inflate a balloon at home. Experience 5.

Let's compare latex and foil balloons. Foil Balloons Foil balloons are more durable. Thanks to the material from which foil balloons are made, they retain both air and helium longer, so they remain inflated longer. Foil balloons are thicker than latex ones and are not as susceptible to roughness. Latex balloons Due to the elasticity of latex, latex balloons can take on the most unusual shapes. Latex balloons can be filled with either air or helium. They can be inflated manually or using a special compressor. Balloons made from latex become transparent when inflated, but balloons made from foil do not 18.1.15

Conclusions: As a result of the study, we found out: that balloons are made from different materials; that the balloon is made of latex and foil when water, air, helium and hydrogen enter it, it increases in size; that balls filled with gas are lighter than balls filled with air, so they rise up regardless of what the balls are made of. that nowadays balloons are used to decorate halls, as toys for children, and also for flights and research. 18.1.15

Literature used: Great schoolchild encyclopedia. M.: JSC "ROSMAN - PRESS", 2010. Everything about everything. Encyclopedia for children - M.: “Slovo”, 2009. Encyclopedia for schoolchildren. 4000 very important facts. M: Moscow “Swallowtail”, 2006. Internet resources: material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia



 


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