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Dates

• graduated from school in 2017;

Main stages of the exam

Video lesson about stress in Russian:

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Dictionary of accents for the Unified State Exam 2018

1. Dictionary of accents
2. Orthoepic dictionary for the Unified State Exam

In the fifth task on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, you need to put emphasis on words. FIPI has released an orthoepic dictionary to help students. The spelling dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2018 includes:

1. General information about Russian accent;
2. Features of Russian stress are diversity and mobility;
3. Reference material on the patterns of stress placement in words of different parts of speech:
   • Accents in adjectives
   • Stresses on verbs
   • Accents in some participles and gerunds
4. List of words for tasks on the Unified State Exam parts of speech: noun, adjective, verb, participle, gerund, adverb.

Download the PDF version of the spelling dictionary for 2018. Download
Or the dictionary of 2017. Download

A list of words from the vocabulary in the form of pictures.

Nouns

Adjectives

Verbs

Participles

Participles

Adverbs

accentonline.ru

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

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Unified State Exam. Russian language. Task No. 4. Orthoepic minimum.

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Orthoepic minimum for the Unified State Exam 2018

The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are confident that passing it will not be difficult, since for the majority Russian is their native language. Despite this, we still recommend showing responsibility and devoting several hours to studying the rules and repeating spelling norms.

Dates

The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.

The early stage will take place from mid-March to mid-April. You can take the exam in advance:

• graduated from school in 2017;
• those who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
• graduates of schools with evening classes;
• planning to continue their studies abroad;
• 2018 applicants who completed the curriculum in advance;
• schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Exam, must participate in events of national or international significance;
• eleventh graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled for the date of the main exam.

At the beginning of September, students who received a low score or missed the Unified State Exam due to a valid reason are allowed to take the exam (documentary evidence is required).

Main stages of the exam

Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including test questions and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has increasingly talked about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.

It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will be tested on their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.

What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Examination?

One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on different syllables, and not as, for example, in French - only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place emphasis in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.

A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the Unified State Exam 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties for most schoolchildren: alphabet, airports, bows, willow, religion, on time, long-standing, dispensary, to the top, get through, to the bottom, blinds, enviably, spoiled, from ancient times, catalogue, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, garbage chute, facilitate, seal, wholesale, adolescence, parter, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, means, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.

How to get the maximum score

The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to receive 34 points, which is 59% of the overall Unified State Examination result in the Russian language. Assignment number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during the exam and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.

Video lesson about stress in Russian:

For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In complex words with a second part -the wire with the general meaning of “a device for transporting any substance or energy,” the emphasis falls on the root -water- :
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved that in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess – religion
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant - accountant
X - with X - X - X
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.

Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and in short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.

4. If the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Rules for placing stress on verbs.

1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, overstrained, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, cheer up, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. B reflexive verbs The stress in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

Rules for placing accents in participles.

1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.

3. In short feminine passive past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in the short form it is retained only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it changes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. In full forms of participles with suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- In the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.

Rules for placing stress in gerunds.

1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.

guardian of belles lettres

pamper, pamper, pampered

bartender

Barrel

water pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, oil pipeline, But: electrical wire

agreement (and agreements)

blinds

envious

catalog

quarter

more beautiful

cooking and cooking ( both options are equal)

marketing

masterfully

extended

newborn

security

facilitate

open

loop (loop - appropriate in everyday speech)

You call, they call, they call

pullover

beet

dancer, dancer

cottage cheese and cottage cheese ( both options are equal)

tiramisu

Cakes

Immediately

shoe

phenomenon

scoop

What is written with a pen...

The insidiousness of all the rules and lists is that they do not linger in the head: I read it and forget it. There are several ways to retain useful information in memory, in our case, words with the correct stress.

#singing now. A word that is difficult for you needs to be said out loud, clearly, several times (you can also sing it) and... in front of witnesses. Let your friends or colleagues support you and join your impact flash mob with their problematic words (“Venice is more beautiful than Paris, more beautiful, more beautiful, more beautiful than Paris”, “They call me, they call me”, “my boyfriend is a barman, barman, barman”). This is our psychology: what we do not do alone is better remembered.

#wonderfulmoment. For those who have a developed imagination, it is easiest to involve associations and images associated with it in the task of memorizing any information. For example, beets are a healthy vegetable, and the rosy-cheeked grandmother Fyokla sells them. And an excellent marketing specialist knows everything about how to maintain a brand!

#graphomania. Remember how at school, while studying a foreign language, we composed dialogues and stories with new words, selected rhymes for them, or came up with funny poems? The principle also works for the great and mighty, you just need to give free rein to your imagination! There are a lot of ready-made cheat sheets floating around the Internet, take note: “We ate cakes for a long time - the shorts didn’t fit”, “Don’t bring us curtains, we will hang blinds”, “Phenomenon rings on Wednesdays, having accepted a contract for years”, “The bell ringer rings, they ring ring the bell so that you can remember correctly!”

And, of course, dictionaries and reference books will always help out: a spelling dictionary, an orthoepic dictionary (translated from ancient Greek “orthoepia” means correct pronunciation), a dictionary of accents. Online resources will not let you down either: the portals Gramota.ru (be sure to look at the “Memos” section) and gramma.ru, Yandex.Dictionaries, the site orfogrammka.ru - which, unlike printed publications, are always at hand thanks to the ubiquitous Internet. Let's speak beautifully!

A.P. Chekhov once famously said: “In fact, for an intelligent person, speaking poorly should be considered as indecent as not being able to read and write.” And one cannot but agree with this. A person learns to speak from the first days of his life: first, he isolates his name from the general cacophony of surrounding sounds, then the words that are pronounced most often. Later, the child begins to reproduce words, repeating them exactly as he hears from loved ones.

But, unfortunately, not everything we learn from others corresponds to the norms of our native language! Science is here to help you understand the rules of pronunciation orthoepy(Greek orthos- “correct” and epos- “word”), one of the sections of which is the study of stress placement in Russian speech.

Words with accents to remember

Take a look at the spelling dictionary and you will be surprised to discover how many mistakes we all make in our everyday speech! Here and there we hear every day the ugly: “p ABOUT got it", "looked up I la", "sn I la."

But, you just have to remember one simple rule: In feminine verbs in the past tense, the ending –a becomes stressed. Remember and enjoy the correct pronunciation of words such as: got it A, stripped off A, took A, lied A, lied A, waited A, drove A, perceived A, called A .

There are not many exceptions to remember: Art. A la, sl A la, cr A la, cl A la and all words with the prefix You-(you drink - in Y saw, in Y no - in Y zero).

Another pitfall was the use of plural nouns. Here the error awaits us even at the stage of formation of the plural. For some reason, many people turn the word “Dogov” ABOUT p" to "agreement A", and "professor" and "doctor" turn into monstrous "professor A" and "doctor A" In fact, everything " easier than steamed turnips»:

1. Most masculine nouns take the ending -ы in the plural.
2. The ending -ы is always unstressed!

Do you remember? Now you shouldn't have any problems with words like: aerop ABOUT rt – aerop ABOUT mouths, prof E quarrel - prof E quarrels, d ABOUT ctor - d ABOUT ctors, bow – b A nts, ​​scarf - sh A rf, dogov ABOUT r – dogov ABOUT ry, elevator – l AND ft, cake – t ABOUT mouths, buhg A lter – buhg A lters

We are all proud that the Russian language is rightfully considered one of the richest languages ​​in the world. But the penetration of foreign words into speech is an inevitable and completely natural phenomenon. Few people know that in the true Russian language there are no words beginning with the letter “ A «.

Most words starting with the first letter of the alphabet AND that one is of Greek origin, and some came to us from Turkic (for example: watermelon, arshin, argamak). The fashion for using French among representatives of the upper classes, which began during the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and ended during the Napoleonic Wars, has enriched our speech with a huge number of Gallicisms.

The current generation is observing how the Russian language is actively enriched with words of English origin. Alien words that have settled in our dictionaries, for the most part, retain stress in their usual place.

Thus, French borrowings are characterized by stress falling on the last syllable, while Latin ones - on the penultimate one. It is best to check the correctness of stress in words of foreign origin in dictionaries, but those words that have become firmly established in our everyday life must be remembered: alphabet AND t, apostrophe ABOUT f, def AND s, blinds AND , rolled ABOUT g, necrol ABOUT g, quart A l, desk E r, esp E rt, fet AND w, f ABOUT rzats, fax AND mile.

You should also remember the norms for placing stress in the following adjectives: to U honny, sl AND vovy, gr U sewn, stolen AND English, Mosa AND private, wholesale ABOUT how long ago AND shny.

The most popular words with accents at the Olympiads

Learning how to place accents correctly can be a fun activity. Often, just knowing the rules of the Russian language is not enough. Many accents need only be remembered by referring to special spelling dictionaries.

When preparing high school students to take the Unified State Exam, up to 500 of the most common word forms are usually offered for study, which can cause difficulties with the correct placement of stress, but their number is not limited to this. Studying stress norms is a labor-intensive process, but the result can exceed all expectations: our speech will not be full of illiterate “voices.” I la", "pr ABOUT cents", "contract A“, which means we will not be ashamed in front of the classics of Russian literature.