Minor ailments are not uncommon during pregnancy. Some of them are caused by a change in your condition, others may be caused by negative environmental influences.
Nausea and vomiting, which are caused by early toxicosis, accompany most pregnancies to one degree or another. These phenomena are unpleasant, but if they do not lead to malnutrition of the expectant mother, she does not lose weight, her body is not in danger of dehydration due to frequent vomiting, this condition does not require medical intervention.

Most experts consider morning nausea to be a completely normal phenomenon that accompanies the onset of pregnancy, since it is quite explainable by the beginning of the restructuring in the woman’s body. Active production of hormones, increased load on the liver of the expectant mother - all this is the cause of morning sickness. As a rule, the condition of the expectant mother improves significantly by the 10-12th week of pregnancy, when the placenta begins to function.

Complications. Severe vomiting can lead to the development of dehydration and disturbances in electrolyte metabolism (usually hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis), and is relatively rarely accompanied by ruptures of the esophagus - partial (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) or complete (Boerhaave syndrome). Long-term vomiting can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and metabolic disorders.

Causes of nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting occur when the vomiting center is irritated. Direct causes can affect the gastrointestinal tract or central nervous system or be observed as part of systemic diseases.

The most common reasons:

• Gastroenteritis.
• Impact of drugs.
• Exposure to toxins.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a relatively rare disorder characterized by severe, repeated attacks of vomiting or nausea alone that occur at varying intervals; however, in the period between attacks it is not possible to detect any structural changes. The disorder is most common in children (average age of onset is 5 years), with a tendency to go into remission as they get older. SCR in adults is often associated with long-term use of marijuana (hemp extract).

Nausea (nausea) and vomiting (vomitus) most often occur by neuroreflex with irritation of the stomach, especially the pyloric region, and the nearest organs - the beginning of the duodenum and jejunum, the lower segment of the esophagus, the pharynx in acute gastritis, esophagitis and pharyngitis (morning mucous vomiting of alcoholics ) etc. Impaired movement of food and chyme, stagnation and reverse peristalsis especially often lead to nausea and, to a certain extent, appropriate vomiting. Vomiting of pure gastric juice is typical in peptic ulcers, especially in duodenal ulcers, which brings relief and is often artificially induced by the patient himself; further vomiting occurs when the pylorus narrows, occurring rarely (as opposed to irritable vomiting with acute gastritis), usually once a day, and emptying the stomach of stagnant masses. Reflex vomiting is observed in diseases of a variety of organs, primarily the intestines and peritoneum with appendicitis, helminthic infestation, with colic - hepatic, renal, uterine, tubo-ovarian. Vomiting can also be of central nervous, including cortical, origin, with toxic irritation of the vomiting center (uremia, poisoning with alcohol, carbon monoxide, digitalis, sulfonamides, apomorphine, ipecac; however, with uremia, alcoholism, the effect of sulfonamides, the local stomach irritation), with increased intracranial pressure (tumors, meningitis, acute blood supply to the meninges), with damage to the semicircular canals. Cerebral vomiting is characterized by the absence of nausea, which is probably more closely associated with antiperistalsis of the stomach and intestines. Habitual nervous vomiting without anatomical changes can reach an indomitable degree and lead to death from exhaustion and self-poisoning. Vomiting in pregnant women probably occurs with the participation of endocrine changes (the effect of the pituitary gland on the stomach) and nervous factors. Reflex and central nervous vomiting is more easily caused in women and children, especially with frequent repetition of vomiting. The practical diagnostic meaning of nausea and vomiting, as well as treatment methods, can be very different in each individual case.

Causes of vomiting without nausea:

• Intracranial tumors.
• The patient is asked if he suffers from headaches or double vision; check whether the gait is impaired.
• Increased intracranial pressure.
• Important signs: nystagmus, swelling of the optic nerve nipple, pathology of the cranial nerves.
• Encephalitis.
• Meningitis.
• Migraine.
• Periodic vomiting.
• Vomiting usually recurs at intervals of 2-3 months and occurs in children, adolescents or young adults. It is often accompanied by migraine. With such vomiting, beta blockers sometimes help.

The vomiting center is localized in the medulla oblongata near the centers that control breathing and salivation (for this reason, vomiting is combined with hyperventilation and increased salivation). The center receives signals from the chemoreceptors of the trigger zone located in the bottom of the fourth ventricle, in the area postrema. The area postrema is supplied with blood from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and there is no blood-brain barrier here.

The trigger zone is the site of action of some drugs that cause vomiting; in addition, it receives information from the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, peritoneum and heart via afferent fibers:

• The feeling of nausea appears to be formed by the passage of impulses along the same pathways responsible for the feeling of satiety, so nausea is usually accompanied by anorexia.
• It is necessary to distinguish vomiting from belching (the latter occurs without effort, i.e. without the participation of muscles that provide gagging movements; it usually gives a sour or bitter sensation in the mouth and is not accompanied by nausea).

Medicines that cause nausea and vomiting

• Opiates, digoxin, levodopa, ipecac, cytotoxic agents (act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone).
• Antibiotics (tetracyclines, metronidazole, erythromycin). Sulfonamides (including mesalazine).
• Acetylsalicylic acid, NSAIDs (damage the gastric mucosa and can stimulate the vomiting center through ascending afferent influences).
• Alcohol (acts directly through the chemoreceptor trigger zone and due to its damaging effect on the gastric mucosa).

Symptoms and signs of nausea and vomiting

The following signs are especially important:

• signs of hypovolemia;
• headache;
• signs of peritoneal irritation;
• bloating, severe tympanitis. Interpretation of results. Many signs are characteristic of certain causes of vomiting.

If vomiting occurs shortly after taking a drug or toxic substance or sudden changes in body position, in the absence of significant changes in neurological examination and abdominal assessment, vomiting can most likely be explained by these factors. The same applies to cases of pregnancy - in the absence of pathology according to the examination. With the acute development of vomiting and diarrhea in an initially practically healthy patient and the absence of significant changes according to examination data, the likelihood of infectious gastroenteritis is high; further examination can be delayed.

Vomiting that occurs when thinking about food or is not related in time to food intake suggests a psychogenic cause, as is indicated by a history of functional nausea and vomiting in the patient or his family members. You should ask the patient in more detail, because... he himself may not be aware of this connection or may not even admit that he was experiencing a state of stress.

Examination. All women of childbearing age should have a urinary pregnancy test. In case of severe vomiting, vomiting lasting more than 1 day, or the presence of signs of dehydration according to examination data, laboratory tests should be performed (in particular, assess the content of electrolytes, urea nitrogen, creatinine, serum glucose, perform a urine test, and in some cases, liver tests). If there are signs of alarm, the examination plan is based on the corresponding clinical manifestations.

Chronic vomiting typically requires these laboratory tests, as well as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, small bowel X-ray, gastric emptying, and anthroduodenal motility studies.

Examination for nausea and vomiting

Deciding on the list of blood tests is usually simple; their set is based on the medical history, as well as on the results of the examination carried out before:

• A general blood test sometimes reveals anemia. The development of iron deficiency is possible with peptic ulcer disease or malignant tumors with ulceration, as well as with pathology of the small intestine, an increase in MCV is typical for situations with alcohol abuse, deficiency of vitamin B 12 or folic acid.
• The concentration of urea and electrolytes can change both due to vomiting (at the same time the content of K +, Na + decreases, hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis develops), and due to the underlying primary kidney dysfunction - it is advisable to check the calcium concentration, as well as determine biochemical indicators of liver function. To rule out acute pancreatitis, blood is immediately sent to determine amylase activity.
• Diagnosis can be aided by endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially if it is performed to exclude peptic ulcers or other changes in the mucous membrane, or bile reflux. Endoscopy provides little information for diagnosing functional disorders. In this regard, X-ray contrast examination is much more effective; it helps to detect stasis in the upper gastrointestinal tract and narrowing.

Anamnesis. History of present illness helps clarify the frequency of vomiting episodes and their duration; association with possible precipitating factors, such as exposure to drugs or toxins, traumatic brain injury, body movements (traveling by car, plane, ship, riding a merry-go-round); the presence in the vomit of bile (bitter taste, yellow-green color) or blood (red color, “coffee grounds”). Important accompanying symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. It is necessary to evaluate the time of the last bowel movement and passing of gas, the presence of headache and/or systemic dizziness (vertigo).

Assessment of the state of various systems is aimed at identifying signs of conditions that may be accompanied by vomiting, for example, amenorrhea and swelling of the mammary glands (during pregnancy), polyuria and polydipsia (with diabetes), hematuria and pain in the lateral abdomen (with urolithiasis).

A medical history can help identify conditions that may be accompanied by vomiting, such as pregnancy, diabetes, migraines, liver or kidney disease, cancer (the timing of chemotherapy or radiation therapy should be established), and previous abdominal surgery (which may cause of adhesive obstruction). It is necessary to clarify what medications and substances the patient has taken recently; certain substances may not show toxic effects for several days (eg, acetaminophen, mushroom poisons).

Indications of recurrent vomiting in other family members should be taken into account.

Physical examination. When assessing vital signs, note the presence of fever and signs of hypovolemia (tachycardia and/or hypotension).

On general examination, the presence of jaundice and skin rash should be noted.

When examining the abdomen, you need to pay attention to bloating and scars after previous operations; assess the nature of peristaltic noises (normal, increased); perform percussion to assess tympanitis; upon palpation, evaluate pain, signs of irritation of the peritoneum (symptom of muscle protection, rigidity, the phenomenon of “rebound pain” (Shchetkin-Blumberg symptom)), the presence of space-occupying formations, an increase in the size of organs, hernias. Rectal examination and transvaginal examination (in women) reveal local tenderness, mass formations and bleeding.

A neurological examination evaluates consciousness, the presence of nystagmus, signs of meningism (Kernig and Brudzinski's symptoms), ophthalmological symptoms characteristic of increased intracranial pressure or subarachnidal hemorrhage (retinal hemorrhage).

Make your life easier

First of all, find out which tastes and smells cause the strongest reaction in your body. Most expectant mothers react negatively to the smell of gasoline, cigarette smoke, various perfumes and detergent flavors, as well as the smell of fried food and the aroma of freshly brewed coffee. Avoid “meetings” with them, spend time in a well-ventilated area, and perhaps nausea will not bother you during the day.

In order to make the morning less gloomy - and, as you know, attacks of nausea most often occur in the morning, on an empty stomach - follow a certain ritual of getting up. The best way to alleviate your condition now is to have a light breakfast in bed. Ask someone from your family to look after you or take care of yourself - in the evening, put a plate of crackers or cornflakes and an apple on the nightstand next to your bed. These foods are usually well accepted by the stomach and do not cause nausea. Choose those foods that are pleasant to you: it could be a light fruit salad, yogurt or boiled eggs.

Throughout the day you should eat small meals 5 to 6 times. Drink more fluids - many women benefit from sour fruit juices diluted half and half with water, although you may prefer slightly salted tomato juice. It helps to relieve nausea by rinsing your mouth with mint infusion or water with a small amount of lemon juice.

Look for your remedy - a small mint candy, a slice of lemon or a crust of rye bread can be a real salvation.

The increased load on the liver requires special attention to this organ. Nowadays, animal proteins must be present in your diet. Eat lean meat, cottage cheese and mild cheese. Avoid broths, fried, fatty and spicy foods, and canned foods.

To alleviate your condition, your doctor may recommend that you take vitamin B6. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene have proven themselves well (take only as directed by a doctor!). But you don’t need additional iron intake yet; moreover, iron-containing drugs can increase the manifestations of toxicosis.

At home, you can prepare infusions of herbs that have a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane of the digestive system and the functioning of the stomach, liver and bile ducts: valerian root, peppermint, calendula and chamomile flowers will help.

Aromatherapy can also help, for example, the beneficial effects of the smell of ginger on women have been proven.

Treatment for nausea and vomiting

Identified diseases and dehydration are treated. Even in the absence of severe dehydration, intravenous infusion (1 liter of 0.9% saline solution; in children - at a dose of 20 ml/kg body weight) should be administered, which often helps to reduce symptoms. In adults, various antiemetic drugs are effective (Table 7-6). The choice of one or another remedy depends on the underlying cause and severity of vomiting.

Typically used:

• for seasickness (motion sickness): antihistamines and/or scopolamine in the form of a patch;
• for mild to moderate symptoms: prochlorperazine or metoclopramide;
• for severe, refractory vomiting and vomiting during chemotherapy: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

If vomiting continues, it is necessary to prescribe drugs parenterally.

In psychogenic vomiting, establishing a trusting relationship with the patient involves understanding the discomfort they are experiencing and working together to relieve the symptoms, whatever their cause. Remarks like “you’re fine” or “it’s an emotional problem” should be avoided. A short trial of symptomatic therapy with antiemetics may be given. During long-term follow-up of the patient, regular follow-up visits to the doctor help resolve the underlying problem.

Causes of vomiting not related to pain

Infectious:

• Viral gastroenteritis.
• Food poisoning; Possibly HP related infection. Infections of other localizations, including inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract and pneumonia in the elderly.
• Viral labyrinthitis.

Mechanical obstruction:

• Pyloric stenosis, duodenal obstruction due to stomach or pancreatic cancer. Esophageal carcinoma.
• Biliary reflux, especially if you have had previous gastric surgery or gastroenterostomy.

Alcoholic gastritis:

• A common cause of belching in the early morning hours. The belching is usually not profuse, often mixed with blood.

Acute liver failure:

• For example, with an overdose of paracetamol (paracetamol poisoning), acute fatty liver in pregnant women

Metabolic reasons:

• Addison's disease (if such a suspicion arises, efforts are directed to the search for postural hypotension, pigmentation of the mucous membranes).
• An increased or normal K content is especially important, since vomiting typically reduces the concentration of potassium in the blood.
• The possibility of hypercalcemia, uremia and hyperthyroidism must be considered.
• Up to 30% of people with diabetes experience occasional episodes of nausea and vomiting.

Many medications are prescribed for nausea and vomiting. They must be used with caution, keeping in mind that they all have side effects.

Basic provisions

• In many cases, the causes of vomiting are obvious; examination of the patient does not reveal significant abnormalities; Only symptomatic treatment is sufficient.
• It is necessary to be alert to the possibility of acute abdominal syndrome and dangerous cranial pathology.
• Patients of childbearing potential should be assessed for possible pregnancy.

Such an extremely unpleasant phenomenon as vomiting is a protective reaction of the body, indicating the presence of serious health problems. Vomiting is an uncontrollable action in which the contents of the gastrointestinal tract are expelled through the mouth. The diaphragm and abdominal muscles take part in this process. As a rule, constant accompaniments of vomiting are lacrimation, drooling, dizziness, and severe weakness. Frequent vomiting is especially dangerous, as it can lead to dehydration.

Causes

A disorder of the digestive system is one of the main causes of regular bouts of vomiting. In particular, with food poisoning caused by eating poor-quality food or contaminated drinking water, vomiting is often accompanied by fever and diarrhea. Persistent, frequently recurring vomiting is a characteristic symptom of intestinal obstruction, cholecystitis, appendicitis, pancreatitis, diseases of the biliary tract and liver, as well as chronic pathologies of the digestive system such as gastritis, duodenitis, stomach and duodenal ulcers.

Distinctive features

Vomiting, which occurs at regular intervals, is divided into central, visceral and hematogenous-toxic. Central vomiting speaks for itself. It appears in severe diseases affecting the central nervous system. Such diseases include cerebral edema, encephalitis, and meningitis. Also causes of frequent central vomiting are migraine, hypertensive crisis, inflammation of the inner ear (labyrinthitis), increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma). As a rule, vomiting occurs violently, without a preliminary feeling of nausea, and is repeated periodically.

With the visceral variety of this protective reaction of the body, the vomiting center is excited by peripheral receptors (nerve endings), which are located in the stomach area. Frequent visceral vomiting may be a consequence of chronic diseases of the biliary tract, liver, etc.

If toxic substances penetrate the circulatory system, frequent hematogenous-toxic vomiting develops. This occurs in case of poisoning with various medications, alcohol, poisons, carbon monoxide, as well as diabetes mellitus and damage to the body by various intestinal infections. For example, in the latter case, vomiting is caused by toxic metabolic products of infectious pathogens. The hematogenous-toxic type of reflex manifestation of the body is preceded by a feeling of nausea, and then frequent, prolonged vomiting begins, often ending in dehydration.

Consequences

Of course, in such a situation one should sound the alarm. Severe prolonged vomiting leads to a serious shift in the metabolic processes of the human body. There is a violation of the acid-base balance, the body loses many minerals necessary to maintain the vital tone of tissues and organs. This pathological condition leads to paralysis, convulsions, disturbances of consciousness, and severe impairment of the kidneys, heart, and brain.

Character of vomit

If vomiting occurs frequently, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the composition of the vomit. In particular, the presence of blood in them speaks volumes about internal bleeding from a stomach or duodenal ulcer. Also, vomiting blood may indicate bleeding from dilated veins with cirrhosis of the liver. Vomit with foamy impurities indicates pulmonary hemorrhage. A yellow-green tint to the vomit and an unpleasant taste of bile indicate problems with the gallbladder. Typically, such manifestations occur with excessive consumption of fatty foods.

Treatment

Antiemetic drugs are prescribed depending on the nature of the underlying disease. For example, at the level of the brain, the drug Cerucal stops vomiting, which is effective for kidney diseases, gastroenteritis, traumatic brain injuries, and migraines. For gastric atony and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, Cisapride (analogue - Coordinax) is a good antiemetic. In oncological practice, the drug Ondansetron is used for repeated vomiting during radiation and chemotherapy. Scopolamine will help prevent constant vomiting caused by motion sickness, and Coculin will help prevent toxicosis during pregnancy.

Thus, frequent vomiting is a severe shock to the body. If this occurs, consult a doctor immediately!

Nausea is a rather unpleasant sensation, which, unfortunately, occurs periodically in almost every person. It does not appear without a reason; its occurrence indicates some kind of malfunction in the body.

What does constant nausea without other symptoms mean?

Constant nausea without vomiting or other symptoms may indicate many diseases or other changes in the body. Whatever the reason for this unpleasant sensation, This problem cannot be ignored, but it is necessary to find out the true source of nausea.

Nausea is not a normal state of a healthy body, and even more so if it is permanent. Constant nausea without vomiting or other symptoms may indicate the occurrence of such diseases:

• stomach diseases,
• intestinal diseases,
• brain diseases,
• kidney diseases,
• the occurrence of tumors and inflammations,
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland,
• disorders of the cardiovascular system,
• vestibular system disorder,
• manifestation of infectious diseases.

Note! Very often, the occurrence of constant nausea may indicate an incorrect lifestyle:

• alcohol abuse,
• smoking,
• severe overstrain and overwork of the body,
• poor nutrition (excessive consumption of fatty and smoked foods, abuse of fast food),
• emotional exhaustion.

If nausea occurs, before diagnosing the disease, you need to reconsider your lifestyle. It is probably due to the incorrect routine of existence that these uncomfortable sensations arise.

What to do if you feel nauseous without vomiting

When nausea occurs the first thing you need to do is review your diet. If the day before this uncomfortable feeling occurred, you ate a lot of fatty foods, or simply an excessive amount of any food, this may be the cause of nausea.

But if you experience a feeling such as constant nausea without vomiting and other symptoms, there may be another problem that is dangerous to your health.

The first thing you need to do is promptly seek help from a qualified specialist.

The doctor will examine the body and refer you for diagnostics. Currently, with the help of high-quality equipment in laboratories, taking into account the obtained blood and urine tests, many diseases can be identified. Therefore, you should trust the specialists and go through all diagnostic methods.

Important to remember! Taking medications for nausea will only temporarily relieve the discomfort, but not the very source of this unpleasant sensation.

In order to get rid of nausea, it is necessary to begin treatment of the disease that causes it. Having cured the disease, nausea will disappear after it.

The main causes of nausea, other than illness

This uncomfortable feeling may not necessarily arise due to human illness. There are a large number of other reasons which can cause such unpleasant experiences.

Sometimes they become unexpected for the person who and how does not connect them with the resulting feeling of persistent nausea:

1. Overexertion and lack of sleep. The body needs rest and healthy sleep. If there is not enough sleep over a long period, various discomforts may occur, including regular nausea. This is a signal from the body about an incorrect daily routine.
2. Problems related to the vestibular system. People with such a violation in the operation of this device may get motion sickness in transport or elevators. This may cause severe nausea.
3. Poisoning, intestinal infection. The pathological process is usually accompanied by vomiting and fever, but there are cases in which only nausea occurs.
4. Side effects of drugs. Every medicine can cause side effects, including nausea. You can read about this in the instructions for the drug.
5. Pregnancy. The first months of pregnancy, as a rule, are accompanied by constant nausea, and vomiting is not at all necessary.
6. Migraine. Headaches of this nature are often accompanied by nausea.
7. Concussion. This condition usually causes nausea, and in severe forms, vomiting.

These are the most common causes of persistent nausea without vomiting or other symptoms, and there are many others. Every body reacts differently to different processes. both changes and consequences vary from person to person.

Note! Even the most harmless causes of nausea should receive special attention. Discomfort is not normal if the body is completely healthy.

Features of nausea in diseases

The following illnesses can cause nausea:

The listed characteristics of disease manifestations may differ, since Each body tolerates diseases differently, therefore, the symptoms may be different or appear to a lesser extent.

Important to remember! Even if the symptoms are exactly similar to those described in the article, you should not resort to self-medication. The fact is that many diseases are similar in their symptoms, while their treatment is significantly different.

Features of nausea by time of day

The characteristics of unpleasant sensations may vary depending on the time of day. If you constantly feel sick without vomiting or other symptoms during a certain period of the day, this will allow you to more accurately determine the cause of this discomfort.

If nausea constantly haunts the body, then it is possible to trace its dependence on certain human actions, For example:

• eating,
• riding in transport,
• working in uncomfortable conditions,
• stress, and more.

Nausea is usually worsened by these processes. If you constantly feel sick regardless of these actions, then the reason is more serious and You should consult a doctor even if you have nausea without vomiting and other symptoms.

There can be many reasons for nausea in the morning.

Starting from the most harmless ones, such as overeating before bed or, conversely, a strong feeling of hunger, ending with more serious signs of illness.

Drinking too much alcohol before bed is a clear sign of morning sickness. Very morning sickness is often a clear sign of pregnancy. You should not take medications on an empty stomach, as this may also cause nausea.

But if constant nausea is tiring, exhausting, and it does not depend on the above factors, then the reason should be sought in your health, or rather, problems with it.

Causes of nausea after eating

When eating fatty and heavy foods, and even in excess, even in An absolutely healthy person may experience discomfort. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor your diet and eat small portions, this will help avoid nausea.

If the described action did not help, and after any meal there is a feeling of constant nausea, then this is a common symptom of almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Such s diseases cannot be diagnosed independently, since their symptoms are very similar to each other.

Even if everything goes away without vomiting or other symptoms, you should think about a comprehensive examination.

Attacks of nausea in the evening and at night

Basically, all painful and discomfort increases in the evening, including a feeling of nausea. Very often, evening and night nausea occurs after severe overexertion during the day and is caused by severe fatigue.

This can be caused by working long hours, which leads to fatigue and exhaustion. One of the reasons may be overeating in the evening, since in the second half of the day a person’s metabolism is already less active, including the work of the stomach, which has a hard time coping with the processing of excess food consumption.

In the evening, and especially before bedtime, need to eat light food and in small quantities, it will relieve overeating and discomfort. Nausea may occur due to medications taken during the day or as an adverse reaction.

If this is not the reason, it is necessary to undergo examination with consultation of a doctor, to identify the source of this discomfort. The causes of nausea in the evening can be various diseases, ranging from dysbiosis to inflammation of appendicitis.

In any case, this the symptom cannot be ignored so that if a disease occurs, it can be cured in a timely manner and without harmful consequences.

Nausea is a rather uncomfortable feeling, especially when it occurs continuously over a long period of time.

This ailment cannot be ignored, as it not only brings discomfort, but can also signal a serious illness or disorder in the body.

Only with proper diagnosis and medical supervision, the true causes of nausea can be identified and get rid of these unpleasant sensations.

The following video will tell you about the causes of constant nausea:

This video will tell you which diseases are a sign of constant nausea:

The following video will tell you about the main signs of anorexia nervosa:

Nausea and vomiting represent two similar, often accompanying protective phenomena, which are provided by nature as reflexes that are not amenable to conscious control. Nausea and vomiting are designed to cleanse the digestive tract of substances that are harmful, according to the body, despite the fact that these substances may not enter the bloodstream from the intestines. So, for example, there are examples in medical practice that a person feels sick and vomits from certain specific smells, tastes and even colors. Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of a variety of diseases.

Externally, vomiting is an uncontrolled eruption of stomach contents through the mouth, and in some cases through the nose. Absolutely all reflexes, which also include vomiting, are pathways that carry the command-impulse to the organs that execute it, such as the muscles of the diaphragm, stomach, and chest. Vomiting can be caused by irritation of any part of the reflex pathway. All components of the reflex pathway do not have to be involved. Understanding this fact is necessary to find out why the vomiting occurred.

The frequency of vomiting depends on many factors, such as age, gender, and individual characteristics of a person. For example, women suffer from vomiting more often than men, and children (especially in adolescence) more often than adults. Also, more often than in others, vomiting occurs in people with a tendency to “sickness,” as well as with increased nervous excitability.

Causes of vomiting

Vomiting and nausea occur in many diseases. As a rule, nausea precedes vomiting, and vomiting gives the patient a feeling of relief. But this does not always occur, so the presence or absence of nausea is one of the main criteria for diagnosis.

Vomiting in children

Vomiting in infectious diseases

In the group of acute general infections, almost every acute infectious disease includes signs of intoxication, often - especially when it comes to young children - accompanied by vomiting (in most cases one-time) and diarrhea.

As for infectious diseases of the brain and its membranes, it should be noted that when the membranes of the brain are damaged, severe vomiting, severe headache are added to the signs of general intoxication, and subsequently confusion and convulsions may be observed. A distinctive feature of such vomiting is that it is not preceded by nausea, and after it the patient does not feel relief.

Vomiting blood

Vomiting blood may indicate bleeding from a stomach or duodenal ulcer; in patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, bleeding from dilated veins of the esophagus. If there is foam in the vomit with blood, this is in most cases a sign of pulmonary hemorrhage.

With erosive gastritis, vomiting with a slight admixture of blood is also possible.

Vomiting with bile

Time of vomiting

Smell of vomit

Examination of a patient with vomiting

Treatment of vomiting

In symptomatic treatment, dopamine antagonists have the greatest effect (cerucal, metoclopramide). Similar to drugs in this group cisapride(stimulant of motor function of the gastrointestinal tract) has a great peripheral effect, in addition, it does not have some side effects metoclopramide.

For vomiting caused by chemotherapy for cancer, serotonin receptor antagonist drugs are used (granisetron, ondansetron, tropisetron).

To avoid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance with frequent vomiting, saline solutions are used: for internal use - rehydron, for intravenous administration – Ringer's solution.

Folk remedies for treating vomiting

Until the cause of vomiting is determined, you should refrain from eating. If a child starts vomiting, do not self-medicate, seek help from a doctor.

It is probably impossible to find a person who is not familiar with such a condition as nausea. Moreover, the causes of nausea are not always obvious at first glance. It is rare that this condition quickly goes away on its own, and it is completely unpleasant when nausea haunts a person constantly.

We will talk to you about what factors cause nausea, its causes (except pregnancy, among other things), and how to get rid of it.

If nausea constantly haunts you, the reasons for this most often lie in diseases of the digestive system, although, of course, there are cases of neurological disorders, disorders of the endocrine system and heart function, in which a feeling of nausea appears along with other symptoms.

Nausea - causes

As you know, you can get rid of any symptom if you influence the cause of its occurrence. Nausea is no exception.

1. Ulcer and gastritis

If you experience nausea after eating, the reasons for this lie precisely in these inflammatory processes. Along with nausea, there will be the following symptoms: heaviness in the stomach, a feeling of fullness after eating. On an empty stomach, you may feel a burning sensation in the stomach area.

A specialist will help you determine the diagnosis by conducting a series of studies. And you should also forget about spicy, smoked and fatty foods for now and switch to a dietary diet.

1. Problems with the gallbladder

In this case, nausea appears during the process of eating, along with a feeling of fullness from the inside. Associated symptoms: metallic taste in the mouth or bitterness, gas formation, pain in the right hypochondrium, heartburn.

1. Symptom of poisoning or intestinal infection

After some time has passed after eating, a person begins to experience nausea, which results in vomiting. Pain is noticeably felt in the navel area, dizziness, weakness appear, and the temperature may rise to 37-38°. In this condition, it is imperative to take measures, because diarrhea and dehydration will be added to it.

First, drink a couple of glasses of warm water in small sips; you need to induce vomiting. Then your task is to replenish the missing fluid: drink water, fruit drinks, weak teas. Two to four tablets of activated carbon will also help you. If you cannot get rid of vomiting and bile is found in it, dizziness begins - this may indicate that a serious infection has entered the body (salmonellosis, for example), in this case it is worth calling an ambulance.

1. Inflammatory processes in the kidneys

This cause of nausea is not related to food intake. In some cases, nausea can result in vomiting. An important symptom that indicates that the cause of this nausea is inflammation in the kidneys is lower back pain and problems with urination.

1. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas

In people suffering from this problem, nausea and bloating appear after eating, accompanied by pain in the right hypochondrium and the appearance of bitterness in the mouth.

1. Hypertension

With this disease, constant nausea is possible, which most often appears in the morning. Then in the morning, a person with hypertension may experience swelling and redness of the face, increased fatigue, and often dizziness.

1. Taking certain medications

If you read the instructions for the medications you purchase, you will note that many of them can cause nausea as a side effect. Such medications include antibiotics, anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory drugs, iron-containing drugs, some vitamin complexes, etc.

1. Concussion

If you seriously hurt your head and feel dizzy and persistently nauseous all the time, consult a doctor immediately.

1. Symptom of appendicitis

Regardless of food, nausea may occur in patients with appendicitis; in some cases, nausea will progress to vomiting. The pain will first appear in the upper abdomen, then it will gradually move to the lower right part. An increase in temperature to 37-38° is another symptom of appendicitis.

1. Problems with the vestibular system

Severe dizziness and nausea are frequent accompaniments of a sudden change in body position when you roll over or get out of bed. Other signs include the appearance of tinnitus, problems with balance, “spots” in front of the eyes, and the inability to focus for a long time on a moving object.

1. Symptom of heart attack and heart failure

With these problems, even after vomiting, nausea remains, accompanied by pain in the upper abdomen. In heart failure, the following symptoms are also common: pale skin, hiccups, and a feeling of suffocation.

1. Migraine

Slight dizziness may be added to nausea. If you have nausea due to headaches, you can be “saved” by a quiet, dark room and taking a drug prescribed by a neurologist.

1. Stress

Many have noticed how, with strong excitement and emotional arousal, they begin to feel nauseous. Once you calm down, breathe deeply, the adrenaline in the body decreases and the nausea goes away.

1. One of the symptoms of meningitis

Nausea is accompanied by a high temperature - from 38°C, photophobia, and a feeling of constriction in the occipital region.

1. Hypothyroidism – problems with the thyroid gland

Nausea may accompany you constantly, although not clearly expressed. There may be no appetite, but weight is still gained, a constant feeling of drowsiness, fatigue, cold in hot weather, and in some cases anemia is possible.

1. Pregnancy

Although there is an opinion that nausea is a frequent companion of almost all pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, this is not so. Not all pregnant women suffer from bouts of nausea. But if you're unlucky with this, there is consolation that by 12-13 weeks the nausea will leave you alone.

1. Tumors

Long-lasting nausea and vomiting are a characteristic symptom of a malignant tumor. Not only a tumor, but also a blockage, an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract can cause an attack of nausea.

1. Eating sweet foods on an empty stomach can also cause nausea. In this case, eat a piece of some unsweetened fruit.

1. Hunger

Although nausea is usually caused by a lack of appetite, hunger can also cause nausea due to a sharp drop in blood sugar levels.

In addition to describing the causes of nausea, there is also a division into types:

Types of Nausea

"Cerebral Nausea", the cause is brain disorders (atherosclerosis, hypertension, brain tumor). In almost all cases it is accompanied by an increase in intracranial and blood pressure.

"Toxic nausea"- due to poisoning with food or endogenous poisons.

"Exchange nausea"- a consequence of unbalanced nutrition, starvation diets, hypovitaminosis, diabetes, metabolic disorders.

"Vestibular nausea"- as a manifestation of neuroses. This type of nausea is often characteristic of women during pregnancy and menopause.

"Reflex nausea"- a consequence of active irritation of receptors, as well as inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Appears regularly after eating in general or consuming certain foods.

Nausea during pregnancy

If a pregnant woman is accompanied by nausea, then most often it appears in the morning, although it can be present constantly throughout the day until the evening. Some pregnant women react with nausea to strong odors.

The causes of nausea during pregnancy in almost all cases include:

• The habit of eating unhealthy foods, both before pregnancy and during pregnancy, is unhealthy nutrition.
• Inflammatory processes in the genital organs.
• Stress, lack of sleep and excessive fatigue,
• Problems with the endocrine system,
• Cold.

If a pregnant woman reacts with an attack of nausea to a sharp or strong smell, this is simply a sign of an increased sense of smell, there is nothing to be done about it.

Toxicosis and nausea of ​​pregnant women is, of course, not a disease. However, they can and must be dealt with, otherwise they can disrupt the normal course of pregnancy and harm the unborn child. And the harm is caused not so much by nausea as by vomiting, when useful substances are removed from the body.

The first thing a woman herself can do is switch to proper nutrition, which should be balanced, and if you really want to eat something that is not entirely healthy (chocolate, for example), then eat a piece, not the whole bar.

The second thing a pregnant woman’s environment can do is help get rid of all possible nausea provocateurs.

Most often, nausea occurs on an empty stomach (due to low blood sugar levels). Sometimes it is enough to eat something to fill your stomach at least a little, and the nausea goes away. But, unfortunately, this does not always help, so you can do something else:

If nausea comes to you in the morning, try, without getting out of bed, eat a piece of stale bread, a cracker or a dry cracker, as well as nuts, dried fruits or fresh fruits. Sometimes mint tea helps.

If, along with nausea during pregnancy, you suffer from dizziness, severe heartburn, fainting, sudden surges in blood pressure and excessive dry skin, consult your doctor.

Causes of nausea in children

Many parents mistakenly believe that their child cannot yet have health problems, because they experience nausea and vomiting only due to food poisoning. However, this is not the case.

1. Children may have increased intracranial pressure. Then nausea appears in the morning along with a headache.

1. Vestibular apparatus - if there are problems with it, children experience nausea in transport. You should not feed such a child before the trip; sit him closer to the driver, ask him to look straight ahead and let him drink water from time to time.

1. Stress. Children often feel sick if they are very scared, offended or feel guilty - this is how they try to isolate themselves from troubles. Breathing exercises or a simple paper bag can help here.

1. Allergic reaction. Nausea - as a result of intolerance to any product. An allergist will help you determine which one.

1. Excessive absorption of food. Nausea from overeating occurs frequently in children. If the child does not want to finish eating, then forget about the “clean plate society.” You will force him to finish eating, you will feel pride from satisfying your parental will, and then the child will feel sick...

1. Dehydration. Children often, after playing and sweating, may feel an attack of nausea; immediately give them a drink of plain water, this will help relieve the attack.

How to get rid of nausea using folk remedies?

• First of all, many people remember ammonia - it is inhaled through the nose. You can put a validol tablet under your tongue or suck on a mint candy.
• You can prepare this decoction: boil 250 ml of milk and put 1 tsp in it. nettle, boil over low heat for 5 minutes, take 1/3 of the broth immediately, and then drink 1 tbsp every two to three hours. this decoction until the nausea goes away.
• A decoction of ginger root helps many: chop it and pour in 300 ml of just boiled water, let it sit for a while until it cools to room temperature, and drink it in small sips.
• Collection of herbs will also help in the treatment of nausea: you need to take chamomile (2 tsp), rosemary (1 tsp) and sage (1 tsp), pour 500 ml of boiling water over them, 15-20 minutes. Infuse and drink in small sips every quarter of an hour.
• At the first signs of nausea, many people find it helpful when mixed with 0.5 tsp. table soda juice of 0.5 lemon.
• Or you can just mix 0.5 tsp. soda with 250 ml of warm water and drink in small sips.
• You can also try to get rid of nausea by drinking 15 drops of mint tincture dissolved in water.
• Peppermint is good for nausea in the form of an infusion: take dry mint leaves (1 tbsp), pour boiling water (250 ml) over them and let it steep for two hours. After which the infusion must be filtered. Use 1 tbsp three to four times a day.

As you understand, temporary attacks of nausea are not difficult to get rid of. However, if nausea is constantly and painfully haunting you, consult a doctor, he will be able to determine the causes of nausea and the best option for its treatment. There is no point in enduring this condition patiently. It is much easier to cope with such a relatively “mild” symptom of disorders in the body as nausea, until this disorder develops into a serious problem.