Kustību vadīja ģenerālis Šarls de Golls no galvenās mītnes Londonā (Francijas Nacionālā komiteja, līdz 1943. gadam). Tā izvirzīja sev mērķi atjaunot Francijas neatkarību no nacistu okupantiem un Višī līdzstrādniekiem, kas ar viņiem sadarbojās. Pievienojās antihitleriskajai koalīcijai.

Kustībai bija ieroči, un tā piedalījās vairākās operācijās Otrā pasaules kara laikā. Kustības panākumus lielā mērā veicināja pretošanās kustības atbalsts Francijas iekšienē.

Aptuveni 300 000 Fighting France kaujinieku piedalījās sabiedroto desantā Normandijā 1944. gadā. Tajā pašā gadā, 24. augustā, de Golls triumfā atgriezās Parīzē un sāka atjaunot Francijas valsti.

Normandija-Nīmena

Pārdēvēšana

1944. gada 2. jūnijā komiteja pārdēvēja sevi par Francijas Republikas pagaidu valdību, kuru vadīja ģenerālis Šarls de Golls.

Wikimedia fonds.

2010. gads.

Skatiet, kas ir "Brīvā Francija" citās vārdnīcās: - (“Brīvā Francija”) oficiālais nosaukums (līdz 1942. gada jūlijam) kustībai, kas radās Otrā pasaules kara laikā 1939. gadā 45 pēc ģenerāļa Šarla de Golla (Skatīt Gollu) aicinājuma, kuras mērķis bija cīnīties par Francijas atbrīvošanu. no nacistiskajiem vāciešiem......

- (La France libre) ierēdnis. nosaukums (līdz 1942. gada jūlijam), kas radās 2. pasaules kara laikā pēc ģenerāļa aicinājuma. Šarla de Golla kustība, kuras mērķis bija cīnīties par Francijas atbrīvošanu no tās. modes. iebrucēji un viņu rokaspuiši. 1942. gada jūlijā saistībā ar......

- (Francijas Republika), valsts Rietumeiropā, rietumos un ziemeļos to apskalo Atlantijas okeāns (Biskajas līcis un Lamanšs), dienvidos Vidusjūra (Lionas līcis un Ligūrijas jūra) . Platība 551 tūkst.km2. Iedzīvotāju skaits...... Mūsdienu enciklopēdija

- (Francijas) valsts Rietumos. Eiropā. Apgabals 551 601 km2. Mēs. 52 300 tūkstoši cilvēku (no 1974. gada 1. janvāra). Vairāk nekā 90% iedzīvotāju ir franči. Galvaspilsēta ir Parīze. Lielākā daļa ticīgo ir katoļi. Saskaņā ar 1958. gada konstitūciju federācijā papildus metropolei ietilpst: ... ... Padomju vēstures enciklopēdija

- (Francija), Francijas Republika (République Française), valsts Rietumeiropā, rietumos un ziemeļos to apskalo Atlantijas okeāna un Lamanša ūdeņi, dienvidos – Vidusjūra. 551 tūkstotis km2. Iedzīvotāju skaits 58,4 miljoni cilvēku (1996),...... Enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca

Francija- Jafa pils. Marseļa, Francija. FRANCIJA (Francijas Republika), valsts Rietumeiropā, rietumos un ziemeļos to apskalo Atlantijas okeāns (Biskajas līcis un Lamanšs), dienvidos Vidusjūra (Lionas līcis un Ligūrijas... ... Ilustrētā enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca

Francija- >) /> Jūnija sacelšanās 1848. Litogrāfija () Jūnija sacelšanās 1848. Litogrāfija () Francija () valsts Rietumeiropā. Platība 551 tūkst.kv. km. Iedzīvotāju skaits 57,7 miljoni cilvēku. Galvaspilsēta Parīze. Senatnē Francijas teritoriju apdzīvoja galli (),... ... Pasaules vēstures enciklopēdiskā vārdnīca

FRANCIJA- (Francija) Vispārīga informācija Oficiālais nosaukums ir Francijas Republika (franču: La République Française, angļu: French Republic). Atrodas Eiropas rietumu daļā. Platība 547 tūkstoši km2, iedzīvotāju skaits 59,7 miljoni cilvēku. (2002). Valsts...... Pasaules valstu enciklopēdija

Šim rakstam jābūt wikifikētam. Lūdzu, formatējiet to atbilstoši raksta formatēšanas noteikumiem. “Brīvā doma” ir dokumentāla programma, kas notiek Maskavas Starptautiskā filmu festivāla (MIFF ... Wikipedia) ietvaros.

Tiek ierosināts šo lapu apvienot ar ... Wikipedia

Grāmatas

• Glābiet Parīzi un mirstiet, Sergejs Zverevs. 1944. gada 18. augustā Brīvā Francija vadīja sacelšanos pret Hitlera okupāciju, un pēc dažām dienām Parīze tika atbrīvota, nacistu karaspēks kapitulēja. Čārlzs de...

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pFCHEF S RPMKHYUM OE UTBKH. oEUPNOOOOP, RTETSDE YuEN RTEDRTYOINBFSH DBMSHOEKYE DEKUFCHYS, BOZMYYUBOE IPFEMY CHSTsDBFSH Y RPUNPFTEFSH, LBL TBCHETOHFUS UPVSHCHFYS PAR OBYEN ZHMPF. oOP OH AB PDOPN UKHDOE, OH CH PDOPN LYRBCE, OH CH PDOPN ZHMPFULPN HYUTETSDEOOY OE VSHMP OILBLYI RTPSCHMEOYK OUEUPZMBUYS U OBYN TEYEOYEN. oBPVPTPPF, YЪ bFPZP YURSHCHFBOYS CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH ZHTBOGYY CHCHYMY EEE VPMEE URMPYUEOOOSCHNY CHPLTHZ DE ZPMMS. dziedāt EEE VPMSHYE RTPOILMYUSH TEYINPUFSHHA RTDPDPMTSBFSH VPTSHVH. mYYSH OEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH, UZTHRRYTPCHBCHYIUS CHPLTHZ BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, PTZBOYPCHBMY RPUFSHCHDOPE CHCHUFKHRMEOYE CH BDBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP YFBVB, LHDB UZTHRRYTPCHBCHYIUS YFBVB, LHDB UZTHRRYTPCHBCHYIUSFUPYMYCHOPCHOPNYPNYPYM. rPUME bfpzp s rtylbbbm bdnytbmkh obipdjfshus h FEYUEOYE NEUSGB h FBLPN NEUFE, PFLKhDB po OE UNPZ VSCH RPDDETSYCHBFSH UCHSSH U ZHMPFPN. h UPPFCHEFUFCHYYY U UPZMBYEOYEN P ATYUDYYLGYY PF 15 SOCHBTS S PVTBFYMUS L BOZMYKULPNH RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH U RTPUSHVPK PVEUREYUYFSH CHSHRPMOEE NPESP TEYEOYS, RPULPTYYLGYY FFPTYFPYFPYFPTYBOOPHULY. ъBFEN CHCHYDH FPZP, YuFP UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE ЪBCHETEOYS CHUE EEE OE RPUFHRBMY, S PFRTBCHYMUS PAR DBYUKH, VKHDHYU ZPFPCHSHCHN LP CHUENKH Y PCYDBS UBNPZP IKSHYEZP. rMECHEOKH, dSHEFEMSHNH Y lHME S PUFBCHYM UCHPEZP TPDB UELTEFOPE RPMYFYUEULPE UBCHEEBOIE, RPTKHYYCH YN UPPVEYFSH ZHTBOGKHULPNKH OBTPDKSH CHUE OEPVIPDYPUFFEKBHD, EUMPVIPDYPUFFEKBHD FSH Y OE UNPZH UBN DBFSH OHTSOSHI PVIASOOOYK. pDOPCHTENEOOOP WITH DPCH DP UCHEDEOYS UPAYOILCH, YuFP, L CHEMYUBKYENKH UCHPENKH UPTSBMEOYA, S OE UNPZH RPDDETTSYCHBFSH PFOPYEOYK U OYNY, RPLB POY UBNY OE UCHEDEOYS UPAYOILCH, EUFNYFNYFNYVBSHRPMOSF YEOYS NETSDH OBNY.

lFP VShchMP 23 NBTFB. lP NOE SCHYMUS U CHYYFPN RYL. ON CHTHYUMNOE OPFKH, ЪBSCHYCH, YuFP EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP OE OBUFBYCHBEF PAR PUFBCHMEOYY NEMESHE CH DPMTSOPUFY ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEZP Y YuFP POP VHDEF UMEDYFNVSHNETBUSSH, YuFPVNYSHNETBUSGB RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYYI UYM. rTY LFPN BOZMYKULPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP TELPNEODPCHBMP NOE RTPSCHYFSH RP PFOPYEOYA L OENKH VMBZPTSEMBFEMSHOPUFSH, HUYFSHCHBS EZP ЪBUMHZY. FEN CHTENEOEN RTYVSCCHYK U fYIPZP PLEBOB pVHBOP RTYOSM LPNBODPCHBOYE CHPEOOP-NPTULINE ZHMPFPN. h NBE S RTYZMBUYM L UEVE BDNYTBMB NAYEMSHE, TSEMBS RTEDPUFBCHYFSH ENKH CHPTNPTSOPUFSH RTDDPMTsBFSH UMKHTSVKH YUFPVSH PVUKhDYFSH U OIN HUMPCHYS YOURELGYPOOPK TBUTYFBCHY. po OE SCHYMUS. oEULPMSHLYNY DOSNY RPTSE LFPF CHCHUYYK PZHYGET, NOPZP UDEMBCHYYK DMS OBEZP ZHMPFB, PZHYGYBMSHOP KHCHEDPNYM NEOS P FPN, YuFP EZP UPFTKHDOYUEUFChP Unitary Enterprise "uchBOPVPDOPK" noe VSHMP PUEOSH ZTHUFOP ЪB OEZP.

rPUME LFPPZP DPUBDOPZP YOGYDEOFB OYUFP HCE OE NEYBMP OPTNBMSHOPK DESFEMSHOPUFY "mPODPOULPZP LPNYFEFB", LPFPTSCHK CHTBTSDEVOBS RTPRBZBODB (YUIPDYCHYBS YUIPDYCHYBS YUIPDYCHYBS YUIPDYCHYBS YUIPDYCHYBS OE FPMCHOBYTPY BUSH RTEDUFBCHYFSH FP LBL ZTHRRLH BMYUSHI RPMYFYLBOPC, FP LBL LHYULH ZHBIYUFULYI BCHBOFATYUFPCH, FP LBL UVTD YUUFHRMEOOOSCHI RTPRBZBODI UFHR H LPNNHOYUFYUUEULPN DHIE, OP DMS LPFPTPZP, S LFP FPTCEUFCHOOOP Y TEYYFEMSHOP ЪBSCHMSA, UBNSHCHN CHBTSOSHCHN VSHMP VMBZP UFTBOSH Y ZPUKHDBTUFCHB. OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF UPVYTBMUS OE TECE PDOPZP TBBB CH OEDEMA, CH FPTSEUFCHEOOPK PVUFBOPCHLE, CH VPMSHYPK LPNOBFE LBTMFPO-ZBTDEOUB, LPFPTHA OBSCHCHBMY "ЪBMPNYN YUBUB." UPZMBUOP RPTSDLH DOS, NSCH BUMHYYCHBMY UPPVEEOYS LBTSDPZP LPNYUUBTB P DEMBY CH EZP DERBTFBNEOFE YMY RP LBLPNH-OYVKhDSH YOPNH CHPRPTPUKH, LPFPTSHCHK FPFNNFS UYEM OHTSO. lPNYFEF OBBLPNNYMUS U DPLHNEOFBNY Y UPPVEEOYSNY, RPDTPVOP PVUKHTSDBM CHPRPTUSCH Y RTOYINBM TEYEOYS, LPFPTSHCHE PZHTNMSMYUSH RTPFPLPMPN. fY TEYEOYS DPCHPDYMYUSH ЪBFEN DP UCHEDEOYS OBUYI HYUTETSDEOOK Y CHYOULYI YUBUFEK. oh PDOP CHBTSOPE TEYEOYE OE VSHMP OYLPZDB RTYOSFP VEЪ RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOPZP PVUKhTSDEOOYS CH lPNYFEFE.

oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH GEMPN, LBL LPMMEZYBMSHOSCHK PTZBO, Y LBTSDSCHK YEZP YUMEOPCH CH PFDEMSHOPUFY CHUEZDB PLBSHCHBMY NOE GEOOKHA RPNPESH Y MPSMSHOPE UPDEKUFCHYE. lPOYUOP, UP CHUENY CHBTSOSHNY DEMBNY NOE RTYIPDIMPUSH OBLPNYFSHUS MYYUOP. OP CHUE TSE VTENS, METSBCHYEE PAR NOE, UFBMP NEOSHYE CHCHYDH FPZP, YUFP FERETSH NEOS PLTHTSBMY Y PLBSHCHBMY NOE RPNPESH LPNREFEOFOSH UPFTKHDOYLY. lPOYUOP, LFYN NYOYUFTBN, Ъ LPFPTSCHI OH PDYO RTETSDE OE ЪBOYNBM CHYDOPZP PVEEUFHEOOPZP RPUFB, OEDPUFBCHBMP RPDUBU OEPVIPDYNPZP BCHFPTYFEFOFB Y'. OP SING UKHNEMY RTYPVTEUFY FP Y DTHZPE. x LBTsDPZP YЪ OYI, LTPNE FPZP, VSHMY GEOOSHCH LBUEUFCHB Y MYUOSCHK PRSHCHF. h GEMPN TBVPFBS CH lPNYFEFE, SING URPUPVUFCHPCHBMY KHUIMEOYA CHMYSOYS uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY. noe YUBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUFTEYUBFSH UP UFPTPOSCH NPYI UPFTKHDOYLPCH, LPOYUOP, OE PRRPYGYA, OP CHPTBTTSEOYS YMY LTYFYLH RP RPCHPDH NPYI OBNETEOYK Y DEKUFCHYK. h FTHDOSHHE NYOHFSHCH, LPZDB S PVSHYUOP ULMPOSMUS L RTYOSFYA TEYYFEMSHOSHI NO, NOPZYE YUMEOSH lPNYFEFB CHSHCHULBSCCHBMYUSH ЪB LPNRTPNYUU. oP LFP VSHMP DBCE IPTPYP. h LPOYUOPN UUEFE, YЪMPTSYCH UCHPY DPCHPDSH, OH PDY YЪ OBGYPOBMSHOSHI LPNYUUBTPCH OYLPZDB OE PURBTYCHBM NPEZP PLPOYUBFEMSHOPZP TEYEOYS.

y IPFS YOPK TB NOEOYS NPZMY TBDEMYFSHUS, PFCHEFUFCHOOPUFSH GEMYLPN METSBMB PAR NR. h VPTSHVE ЪB PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE NOE, VEDOSZE, RTYIPDYMPUSH CHUEZDB CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE PFCHEYUBFSH ЪB CHUE. PP ZHTBOGYY LP NOE CHUE YUBEE PVTBEBMY UCHPY CHPTSH FE, LFP CHUE VPMSHYE UFTENYMUS L BLFYCHOPNH UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. h LFPN YUKHCHUFCHPCHBMUS CHUE VPMEE SUOSCHK PFCHEF PAR NPI RTYYSCCHCHSHCH. h LFPN RTPSCHMSMPUSH FBLTSE Y UIPDUFCHP OBUFTPEOYK, LPFPTPE NOE LBBBMPUSH UFPMSH TSE OEPVIPDYNSCHN, LBL Y CHPMOHAEIN. ChYDS, YuFP ULMPOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHPCH L TBYAEDYOOYA Y TBBPVEOOOPUFY, LPFPTHA YN OBCHSCHCHBM TETSIN KHZOEFEOYS, URPUPVOB CHSHCHBFSH TBTPЪOOOSCH CHURSCHYL CHURSCHYL CHPUNKI CHPUNKTH YSIMFFUMS CH YOFETEUBI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS. DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, YNEOOOP EDYOUFCHP PRTEDEMSMP VPECHSHCHE KHUREY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, EZP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK IBTBLFET, EZP NETSDHOBTPDOPE OBYEOYE.

oBUYOBS U MEFB 1941 NSCH TBOSCHNY RKhFSNY RPUFEREOOOP KHOBCHBMY PVP CHUEN, YuFP RTPYUIPDYMP CH NEFTPRPMYY. RPNENP FPZP YuFP NPTSOP RTPYUFSH NEFTPH UFTL CBIFBI YU TBDIPREDBU PVEI, RPUFPSOOP RPMHUBMYA Cheeshnb RPMOHA YOLPTNBGYA Hydeshi Chidei TBICHECH TBICHEDLY, DA PEEUEII OLEPFzepfshphchch bfsh par non-ofby, RPLBBYK DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, RTIVSHSHYYYAEEE ECEDOOOCOP YH ZHTBOGYY, UPPVEEIK , LPFPTSHCHE RPUFKHRBMY RP DYRMPNBFYUEULYN LBOBMBN, ЪBSCHMEOYK BNZTBOFPCH, RPTPETSBCHYI YUETE NBDTYD, mYUUBVPO, fBOTSET YMY OSHA-KPTL, Y, OBLPOEG, CH CHYDE RY UEN, LPFPTSCHE U RPNPESH KNPESH UNHUTBUSHUMCHUMPOYTHMEEOOSY FOYLPCH "uchPPVDOPK zhTBOGYY". h TEЪХМШФБФЭ Х NEOS ULMBDSHCHBMPUSH DEOSH ЪB DOEN FPYUOPE RTEDUFBCHMEOYE PV PVUFBOPCHLE. ULPMSHLP TB, VEUEDHS U UPPFEYUEUFHEOILBNY, FPMSHLP YuFP RPLYOKHCHYYNY TPJOH, ZDE POY, PDOBLP, VSHMY ЪBOSFSHCH FPK YMY YOPK NETE RPCHUEDOECHOPK KBVPFPK SCHU PCHUEDOECHOPK TBVPFPK Y ЪYOBLPSYDBH UPFPPP MUS CH FPN, YuFP VMBZPDBTS NOPZPYUYUMEEOOSCHN YUFPYUOILBN YOZHPTNBGYY, LPFPTBS DPUFBCHMSMBUSH OBN GEMPK BTNYEK RTEDBOOSCHI MADEK, NOE MHYUYE, YUEN LPNH-MYVP DTHZPNH, YJCHEUFOP RPMPTSEOYE DEM PE ZhTBOGYY.

b LFP CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH RPJCHPMSMP NOE UDEMBFSH CHSHCHPD P TBMPTSEOYY CHYYUFULZP TETSINB. YMMAYYY CH PFOPEOOYY LFPPZP TETSINB TBUUESMYUSH. m CH yFBFSHCH, B BOZMYS Y “UCHPVDOBS ZHTBOGYS” DPLBBMY UCPA URPUPVOPUFSH L UPRTPPHYCHMEOYA. KhFCHETTSDEOYE, YuFP TBDY URBUEOYS "NBFETYBMSHOSHI VMBZ" OEPVIPDYNP VSHMP UPZMBUIFSHUS PAR RPTBVPEEOOYE UFTBOSHCH, CHZMSDEMP UNIPFCHPTOP, YVP 1500 FSHUSYU OBIPCŠPCH, CHMYPCBUSSCH, CHMYPCUSPHS MADEK ; OENGSCH RTBLFYUEULY BOOELUYTPCHBMY UMSHBUY mPFBTYOZYA Y PFTEЪBMY CH BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOPN PFOPYYUECHET UFTBOSH PF PUFBMSHOPK FETTYFPTYY; RTPYCHPDYCHYYEUS PLLHRBOFBNYYYASFYS DEOOTSOSHI UTEDUFCH, USHTSHS, UEMSHULPIPSKUFCHEOOSCHY RTPPNSHCHIMEOOSCHI FPCHBTPCH YUFPEBMY OBUH LLPOPNYLH, CHUE VPMSHYEE ZEBSHETFFYNBOPSCHYEE VPMSHYEE YOUMP A. TBZPCHPTSH PV PVPTPOE ZTBOGKHULPK YNRETYY PF "MAVPZP CHTBZB" OE NPZMY KhCE OYLPZP PVNBOKHFSH, U FAIRY RPT LBL ZHTBOGKHULKHA BTNYA Y ZHMPF ЪBUFBCHYMY CHPECHUPCHMECHDPHPECHPPCHB TE, zBVPOE, UYYYY PAR nBDBZBULBTE; CH FP CHTENS LBL OENGSCH Y YFBMSHSOGSH Y LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA UCHPVPDOP TBURPTTSSBMYUSH CH BMCYTE, FHOYUE, LBUBVMBOLE Y VEKTHFE, OENEGLYE UBNPMEFSH RTYENMSMYUSH PSNPMEFSH RTYENMSMYUSH SBBLLYPPYRP BMERP Y OIYOH. PFOSHHOE UTBTSBAEBSS ZHTBOGYS UFBMB CHPRMPEEOYEN CHUEI OBDETSD PAR CHPCHTBF ЪBNPTULYI FETTYFPTYK. POB RPUFEREOOOP KHFCHETTSDBMBUSH CH HLCHBFPTYBMSHOPK bZHTYLE, PAR PUFTPCBI PLEBOYY, CH rPODYYETY, CH MECHBOFE, PAR PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET, PAR NBDBZBULBTE Y PE ZhTBOGMYKHULPN UPNBOGMY. chNEUFE U FEN POB HCE ЪBTBOEE OERTELMPOOP ЪBSCHMSMB P UCCHPYI OEPURPTYNSCHI RTBCHBI PAR UECHETOKHA bZHTYLKH, UBRBDOHA BZHTYLKH, BOFYMSHULYE PUFTPPCHB YODPLYFBBK.

YuFP LBUBEFUS "OBGYPOBMSHOPK TECHPMAGYY", U RPNPESHA LPFPTPK TETSYN chyy RSHFBMUS RTYLTSCHFSH UPVUFCHOOKHA LBRYFHMSGYA, FP UPЪDBCHBMPUSH CHREYUBFMEOYE, YuFP YFP OPPTPKŠCCHJPFPTPK, YuFP TPFTPKPHPPŠ HE VSHMY UBNY RP UEVE RPMEOSCH, OP CH GEMPN POY VSHMY DYULTEDYFYTPCHBOSH FEN, YuFP YI RTPchedeoye UCHSCHCHBMY U TBZTPNPN Y RPTBVPEEOYEN zTBOGYY. TBZPCHPTSH CHYYUFPCH P NPTBMSHOPN PJDPTPCHMEOYY KHLTERMEOYY CHMBUFY, DBCE YI VEUURPTOSCH RPRSHCHFLY OBCHEUFY RPTSDPL CH PVEEUFCHEOOP-LLPOPNYUUPEULHEPK, TSYYOY PAR CHSTBTSBYSYBUD UYCHBOYY NBTYBMB REFEOB, UPЪDBOYY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI LPNYUUYK Y LPNYFEFPCH, B RP UKHEEUFCHH POBYUBMY RPDMSHCHE TERTEUUYY, YE RPMYGYYY GEOYHTSCH, RTYCHYMEZYYY UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYE YuETOPZP TSCHOLB. yFP LPOYUMPUSH FEN, YuFP CH UBNPN CHYYYUFULPN THLPCHPDUFCHE RPSCHYMYUSH RTYOBLY EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHB Y TBVTPDB. chPF LBL TBCHYCHBMYUSH UPVSHCHFYS U LPOGB 1940 Y CHRMPFSH DP MEFB 1942: KhChPMSHOOYE mBChBMS; UPЪDBOIE CH rBTYETSE nBTUEMEN DEB, DEMPOLMEN, MAYYETPN, nBTLE, UABTEЪPN Y DTKHZYNYY "OBGYPOBMSHOPZP OBTDOPZP PVAEDYEOYS", LPFPTPPE RTY RTSNPK RPDDETZPCHDB TPHULPCHDB PLMPHLLP TYLMYCHHA RTPRBZBODH CH RPMSHЪKH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U OENGBNY; VEULPOYUOSCH YЪNEOOYS RPMOPNPYUK dBTMBOB; PFUFBCHLY YUMEOPCH LBVYOEFB: yVBTOEZBTY, vPDKHOB, bMSHVETB, zhMBODEOB, RKTHFPOB, yeChBMSHE, BYBTTB Y DTHZYI, LPFPTSCHE PDO ЪB DTKHZYN ЪФФББSCHPMY Б ОКЭШЧРПМОНБ; ЪБЗБДПУОПЭ ЪППЦІДБOOPE RTELTBEEOYE RTPGEUUB CH TYPNE {174} ; PFUFBCHLB chEKZBOB; RPLHOYEOYE lPMEFFB PAR mBChBMS; PAR RPUMEDOEZP ZMBCHPK RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB. UBN NBTYBM REFEO PFLTSCHFP RTYOBCHBM UCHPE PFYUBSOPE RPMPTSEOYE. “s PEKHEBA ULCHETOSCHK CHEFET, LPFPTSCHK DHEF YЪ NOPZYI TBKPOPCH zhTBOGYY, ZPCHPTYM PO, CHCHUFKHRBS RP TBDYP CH BCHZKHUFE 1941. veURPLPKUFChP PCHMBDECHBEF KHNBNY. h DKHYY CHLTBDSHCHBEFUS UPNOEOYE. bCHFPTYFEF RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB PURBTYCHBEFUS. rTYLBYSHCHSHCHRPMOSAFUS RMPIP. oBUFPSEYK OEDKHZ PICHBFSHCHBEF ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD.” H yaoe umedhaeezp zpdb, pfneyubs chfptha zpdpcheyoh uchpek rtpushvsh P Retenytyy, autors Ubschim ch teyuy, ftboumytpchbchyekus rp tbdyp: “ar pfoadsh oe ultshba, yuufpy npi rtyshochchchchchchchchchchchch chufthymymymymybphphphchufthym. Myl. "

rP NETE FPZP LBL DHFP CHEMYUYE CHYYYUFULLPZP TETSINB YUYUEBMP RPCHUADH, CH NEFTPRPMYY CHPOYLBMY PYUBZY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS. eUFEUFHEOOP, TEYUSH YMB P DEKUFCHYSI, PUEOSH TBMYUOSHI RP IBTBLFETH, YBUFP OE PUEOSH YUEFLP PRTEDEMOOOSCHI, OP RTEUMEDPCHBCHYI EDYOKHA GEMSH. h PDOPN NEUFE UPUFBCHMSMY, REYUBFBMY Y TBURTPUFTBOSMY TBOPZP TPDB MYUFPCHLY. h DTHZPN UPVYTBMY UCHEDEOYS TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOPZP IBTBLFETB P RTPPFYCHOYLE. NHTSEUFCHEOOSCH MADI UPJDBCHBMY ZTHRRSH DEKUFCHYS, LPFPTSCHESCHSHRPMOSMY UBNSHCHE TBOPPVTBOSCH ЪBDPIRKT: OBMEFSCH PAR CHTBZB, RPTYUH YNHEEUFCHB, RPMHYUEOYE UVPFTBUSCH TBURTHUSPHOYBH RBTBYAFBI YMY DPUFBCHMSMYUSH DTKHZYNY RHFSNY, RETEYPD Y PDOPK ЪPOSHCH DTKHZHA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHLH BZEOFPCH, RETEYPD ZTBOYGSH Y F. R. h TSDE NEUF UPJDBCHBMYUSH ЪBTPDSHY PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YUMEOSH LPFPTSCHI PVAEDYOSMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK MYVP RP KHLBBOYSN CHCHUYI YOUFBOGYK, MYVP CH UYMKY MYVP CH UYMKY. pDOYN UMPCHPN, ЪБ CHOEYOEK RBUUYCHOPUFSHY VEDEKUFCHYEN, LPFPTSCHE, LBBBMPUSH, GBTYMY H NEFTPRPMYY, uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE OBUYOBMP TSYFSH UCHPEK BLFYCHOPK TSYFSH UCHPEK BLFYCHOPK TPDOSSYRP. VPKGSH UPRTPFYCHMEOYS PE ZHTBOGYY ZPFPCHYMYUSH FERTSH OBOPUYFSH HDBTSH RP CHTBZH, OEUNPFTS PAR ZHUFHA UEFSH RPMYGEKULYI Y DPOPUYLPCH.

h UEOFSVTE 1941 OBYUBMBUSH UETYS YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHI OBRBDEOYK PAR OENEGLYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. RETCHSHNY VSHMY KHVYFSH LPNEODBOF ZBTOY'POB CH OBOFE, PZHYGET CH vPTDP Y DCHB UPMDBFB CH rBTYTSE PAR KHMYGE YBNRYPOOE. ъBFEN YUYUMP KHVYFSHI UFBMP TBUFY. NUFS ZHTBOGKHBN, CHTBZ UPFOSNY TBUUFTEMYCHBM ЪBMPTSoilPCH, VTPUBM CH FATSHNSCH FSHUSYU RBFTYPFPCH, LPFPTSHCHE RPFPN CHSHCHUSCHMBMYUSH ZJ.ZHTBOG BMYUSH RPLHOYEOYS. u YUKHCHUFChPN NTBYUOPK ZPTDPUFY KHOBCHBMY NSCH PV LFK CHPKOE PDYOPYUEL, LPFPTSHCHE RPDCHETZBMY UEVS PZTPNOPNH TYULKH, VPTSUSH U PLLHRBOFBNY. u DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, ZYVEMSH ZHTBOGKHIPCH TSETFCH PFCHEFOSHI TERTEUUYK OENGECH CHSHCHCHBMB CH OBUYI UETDGBI ULPTSH, OP PFOADSH OE PFYUBSOYE, RP UPFSHMECH RPNH YuFP NSCH LFP LEBLOYFSHMECHB PFCHFCHBMB URPPMDB pDOBLP YUIPDS YY BMENEOFBTOSCHI FTEVPVCHBOYK CHPEOOPK OBHLY, NSCH UYYFBMY, YuFP VPTShVPK OHTsOP THLLPCHPDYFSH Y YuFP L FPNKH TSE EEE OE OBUFKHRIM CHHE NPNEOF OBUYOBHCFSFSH CHDETPCHHE NPNEOF OBUYOBHCFSFSH vPTSHVB, TBUUUYFBOOBS PAR FP, YUFPVSH OE DBCHBFSH RTPFYCHOILH RPLPS, ЪBFEN BLFYCHOSHE PRETBGYY CHOKHFTEOYI UYM uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH OBNEYOOOSCHI, CHOPPE FPUFFOPPOEGHOB NSCH OBNETECHBMYUSH OBYUBFSH CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF, NPZMY VSC VSCHFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSCHNY RTY HUMPCHYY, YuFP CHUE LFP HDBMPUSH VSC PUHEEUFCHYFSH LBL PDOP GEMPE CH UPUEFBOY Y DEKUFCHYSNY BTNYK PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. NETSDH FEN CH 1941 uPRTPFYCHMEOYE EDCHB OBUYOBMP ЪBTPTsDBFSHUS, Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH OBMY, YUFP POP NPTsEF RPFETREFSH RPMOPE RPFTTBTTSEOYE VHLCHBBLDPMSHOP ZFPPSHBITTSEOYE VHLCHBBLDPMSHOP ZFPPSHBI HF ZPFPCHSHCHSHCHUBDIFSHUS PAR RPVETETSSHE.

chPF RPYUENKH 23 PLFSVTS S ЪBSCHYM RP TBDYP: “fPF ZhBLF, YuFP ZhTBOGKHSCH KHVYCHBAF OENGECH, SCHMSEFUS BVUPMAFOP OPTNBMSHOSCHN Y BVUPMAFOP PRTBCHDBOOSHCHN. eUMY OENGSH OE IPFSF, YuFPVSH NSCH YI KHVYCHBMY, YN UMEDHEF PUFBCHBFSHUS DPNB... rPUME FPZP LBL YN OE HDBMPUSH RPLPTYFSH NYT, LBTSDSCHK OENEG OBEF, YuFP UFTVVPSCH RHKMEN, YuFP UFFTVPHRPMYN. OP UHEEUFCHHEF FBLFLYLB CHEDEOYS CHPKOSCH. chPKOPK DPMTSOSCH THLPCHPDYFSH FE, LPNH LFP RPTTHYUEOP... h OBUFPSEE CHTENS NPK RTYLBJ DMS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPC FETTYFPTYY: OENGECH PFLTSCHFP OE HVYCHBFSH! UZ CHCHCHBO EDYOUFCHEOOSCHN UPPVTBTCEOYEN: UEKYBU CHTBZ NPTSEF UPCHETYOOOP WEURTERSFUFCHEOOP PUHEEUFCHMSFSH NBUUPCHSHCHE HVYKUFCHB OBUYI RPLB EEE VEJPTTHTSOSHI VPTGPC. oBRTPFYCH, LBL FPMSHLP NSCH UNPTSEN RETEKFY CH OBUFHRMEOYE, VHDHF PFDBOSCH UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE RTYLBYSHCH.”

UFTENSUSH UPLTBFYFSH UCHPY RPFETY, LPFPTSCHE RTY UMPTSYCHYEKUS PVUFBOPCCHLE VSHMY UMYYLPN CHEMILY RP UTBCHOEYA U DPUFYZOHFSHCHNY CHEUSHNB OOBYUYFEMSHOSCHNY TEKHMSHFНПЕЛЕЙНЕЙЙЙНЕЙЙЙНЕЙЙЙНЕЙНЯ ФЕЛЕНИНЯ ФЕЛЕНИНЯ ФЕЛЕНИНЕЙЙНЯ ФЕВИНЕЙЙНЕЙЙНЕЙНЕЙННЯ FSH TEBLGYA NBUU PAR OENEGLYE TERTEUUY CH YOFETEUBI KHLTERMEOYS OBGYPOBMSHOPK UPMYDBTOPUFY Y URMPYUEOYS UYM ZHTBOGHYULPZP OBTPDB. 25 PLFSSVTS, PAR UMEDHAEIK DEOSH RPUM LBJOY 50 ЪБМПЦОЛПЧ Ш оКОФЭ И ыБФПВТИБОПЧ Ъ 50 UMDPSCHЪ SRBFTYPYPY: tBUUFTEMYCHBS OBYI MAD EK, CHTBZ TBUUUYFSHCHBM ЪBRKHZBFSH ZhTBOGYA. ZhTBOGYS DPLBTSEF, YuFP EE ЪBRKHZBFSH OEMSH... s RTYЪSCCHBA CHUEI ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y CHUEI ZHTBOGKHTSEOPL RTELTBFYFSH CHUSLHA TBVPFH Y CHUSLPE DCHYTSEOYE FBN, UFSHF POYFSHUS, UFS POYFSHUS4 UBUPCH DP 4 YUBUPCH 05 NYOHF, U FEN YUFPVSH LFP UETSHEOPE RTEDPUFETETSEOYE , LFB NPEOBS OBGYPOBMSHOBS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTDPDENPOUFTYTPCHBMB UYMKH VTBFULPK UPMYDBTOPUFY ZHTBOGKHIPCH Y RPLBЪBMB CHTBZH, LBLBS PRBUOPUFSH RPDUFETADHEZBEF UZP EZP." OBLBOKHOE OBNEYOOOPZP DOS S RPCHFPTYM UCHPK RTYYSHCHCH. uPUFPSCHYBSUS ЪBVBUFPCHLB RTYPVTEMB PE NOPZYI NEUFBI, PUPVEOOOP PAR EBCHPDBI, CHOKHOYYFEMSHOSHCHK IBTBLFET. h TEKHMSHFBFE PE NOE KHLTERYMBUSH TEYINPUFSH OE DPRKHULBFSH, YUFPVSH DCHYTSEOYE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSHCHMYMPUSH H BOBTIYA; OBRTPFYCH, S IPFEM DPVYFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBOOPUFY, OE RTEUELBS CHNEUFE U FEN YOYGYBFYCHSHCH, LPFPTBS VSHMB EZP DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK, Y OE PFCHETZBS CHBYNOPK NPFCHETZBOYPFGYPTEUPTYBOOPKHIPFYTPB uPRTPPFYCHMEOYE NPZMP VSH VSHCHFSH RPMOPUFSHA MILCHYDYTPCHBOP PDOYN HDBTTPN.

PE CHUSLPN UMKHYUBE KHYBUFOYL DCHYTSEOYS UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y EZP PTZBOYBGYY PE NOPZYI PFOPEYOSI DEKUFCHBMY FERETSH U VPMSHYPK TEYINPUFSHA, OP POY YURSHCHFSHYUBE CHYBUFTCHABHGYF UCHBOOCHPUFTCHABIHCHBMY. FBN, ZDE POY NPZMY Y DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBKFY, FP EUFSH CH FPN, YuFP PUFBCHBMPUSH PF BTNYY, RHFSH RTEZTBTSDBMY CHYYUFSH. y FEN OE NEOEE RETCCHHE KHDBTSHCH RP CHTBZKH VSHMY OBOUEOSCH CHPEOOOSCHNY. pZHYGETSCH BTNEKULYI Y PLTHTSOSHI YFBVPCH RTSFBMY PTHTSIE PF LPNYUUYK RP RETENYTYA. TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOBS UMKHTSVB RTDPDPMTSBMB FBKLPN CHEUFY LPOFTTBCHEDLH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PFRTBCHMSMB BOZMYUBOBN YOZHTNBGYA. rTY UPDEKUFCHYY ZEOETBMPCH ZHTTB, DEMEUFTOB, CHETOP {175} , vMPL-dBUUP, dATNEKETB, U RPNPESH, CH YUBUFOPUFY, PZHYGETULYI LMHVPCH RPDZPFBCHMYCHBMYUSH NPVYMYBGYPOOSHE NETPRTYSFYS. ZEOETBM lpy UFBM CHEUFY BLFYCHOHA RTPPRBZBODH RTPFYCH LBRYFKHMSOFULYI OBUFTPEOYK. UTEDY THLPCHPDYFEMEK NPMPDETSOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, CH UPUFBCH LPFPTSCHI CHIPDIMP OBYUYFEMSHOPE LPMYUYFCHP VSHCHYI CHPEOOSCHI, NOPZYE FTEOYTPCHBMYUSH UBNY Y PYUMY PHYMBYMB DTHENSHY. h PUFBCHYYIUS CHYOULY YUBUFSI RPYUFY CHUE PZHYGETSH, HOFET-PZHYGETSH Y UPMDBFSH OE ULTSHCHBMY UCHPYI OBDETSD CHOPPSH RTYOSFSH KHYUBUFYE CH VPSI.

oBUEMEOYE PFOPUYMPUSH L LFPNH CHEUSHNB RPMPTSYFEMSHOP. rTYCHOOBS YI ZhTBOGYY LYOPITPOILB, LPFPTHA S RTPUNPFTEM CH mPODPOE, UMKHTSYMB OBZMSDOSHCHN FPNKH DPLBBBFEMSHUFCHPN. h ZHYMSHNE VSCHM ЪBUOSF NPNEOF, LPZDB REFEO PE CHTENS PDOPK YUCHPYI RPEDPL CH NBTUEMSH RPSCHYMUS PAR VBMLPOE TBFKHYY RETED ChPKULBNYY OBTPDPN, LPFPTSCHE CHSTBHCPTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYCHBTYFFYM . NPTsOP VSHMP UMSHCHYBFSH, LBL, RPCHYOKHSUSH EDYOPDHYOPNH OBUFTPEOYA LFK NBUUSCH MADEK, LTYLOKHM: “oe ЪBVHDSHFE, YuFP CHUE CHSC NPVYMYЪPCHBOSHCH!” fY UMPCHB CHSHCHBMY VKHTOSHCHK LOFKHYBIN CHUEI UPVTBCHYIUS, CHPEOOSHCHY OECHPEOOOSCHI, LPFPTSHCHE UNESMYUSH Y RMBLBMY PF CHPMOEOOYS.

fBLYN PVTBBPN, OEUNPFTS PAR FP YuFP BTNYS RPFETSMMB KHVYFSHCHNY YMY RMEOOSCHNY VPMSHYOUFChP UCHPYI YBUFP MKHYYI UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH, POB UFYIYKOP LLC UFYIYKOP CHFPYPROBHMBUSPH TPPFYCHMEOYE. pDOBLP YNEOOP bFPZP Y OE IPFEMP "RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHP", LPFPTPNH BTNYS RPDYYOSMBUSH. chYYYUFULYK TETSYN, UPITBOSCHYK CHOYUBME CHYDYNPUFSH OEKFTBMYFEFB, ЪBFEN CHUFBCHYYK PAR RHFSH UPFTKHDOYUEUFCHB U CHTBZPN, RPNEYBM BTNYY PUKHEEUFCHEBCHBCHEBCHOBCHYFCHY NPTBMSHOP PLBBBBMBUSH CH FHRYLE, CHSHCHIPD YЪ LPFPTPZP NPTsOP VSHMP OBKFY, MYYSH PFLBBCHYUSH PF ZHTBNBMSHOPK DYUGYRMYOSCH. iPFS NOPZYE CHPEOOSH CHUE TSE RPIMY PAR LFP, PUPVEOOOP LFP UPUFPSM CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, YMY LFP CHUFKHRYM CH FBKOHA BTNYA, YMY, OBLPOEG, FE, LFP RPTNPRYPOYSTPOYS ”, ZBLFYUEULY DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CHSCHOKHTSDEOP VSHMP RETCHPE CHTENS UBNP ZPFPCHYFSH UCPHY LBDTSH.

h "UCHPVPDOPK" ЪPOE FBLYE PTZBOYBGYY, LBL "lPNVB" PE ZMBCHE U LBRYFBOPN ZhTEO {176} , "mYVETBUSHPO", CH LPFPTPK PUOPCHOKHA TPMSH YZTBM BNBOAMSH D "BUFSH DE MB CHITSETY {177} , "ZhTBO-FYTET", THLPChPDUFChP LPFPTPK CHP'ZMBCHMSM TsBO-rshet MECHY {178} , ЪBOYNBMYUSH BLFYCHOPK RTPRBZBODYUFULKK DESFEMSHOPUFSHA Y UPЪDBCHBMY CHPEOYYTPCHBOOSCH ZHTNYTPCHBOYS. pDOPCHTENEOOOP PUFBFLY VSCHCHYI RTPZHUPAOSCHI PTZBOYBGYK "CHUEPVEEK LPOZHEDETBYY FTHDB" Y "ZhTBOGKHULPK LPOZHEDETBYY ITYUFYBOULYI FTHDSEYIUS" CHEMY RTPRBZBODETBYCHPFOYCH RPMBZBODTSTPXYCH. bOBMPZYUOHA TBVPFKH RTPCHPDYMY TBMYUOSHE ZTHRRYTPCHLY, UPUFPSCHIYE YUMEOOPCH VSHCHYI RBTFYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY FBLYI, LBL UPGYBMYUFYUEULBS, oBTBDOSHE DENPLTBFSCH YtDEWSHE ZTHRRYTPCHLY. rPULPMSHLH ЪPOB OE VSHMB PLLHRYTPCHBOB OENGBNY, VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, EUFEUFHEOOP, RTPPFYCH CHYYUFULZP TETSINB, RTPPHYCH EZP RPMYGYY FTYVHOBMPCH. m UTEDUFCHP DMS UNEOSH TETSINB.

rPMYFYUEULYK IBTBLFET PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH DEMBM, EUFEUFCHOOOP, YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOPK, URPUPVUFCHPCHBM RTYCHISDFPSCHEMCHB YCHMENSFTYCHMEOYM, YICHIMEYOOYA I RTPRBZBODE ЪMPVPDOECHOPUFSH Y ЪBTSYZBFEMSHOPUFSH, LPFPTSHCHE VKhDIMY KHNSCH. OP U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, RPMOPE UPZMBUYE Y CHSHCHFELBAEBS PFUADB UPCHNEUFOBS DESFEMSHOPUFSH THLPCHPDSEYI LPNYFEFPCH UFTBDBMY PF CHUEZP LFPP. UMEDHEF ULBBFSH, YUFP TSDPCHCHE YUMEOSH FUYI PTZBOYBGYK Y UPYUKHCHUFCHHAEYE RPYUFY OE YOFETEUPCHBMYUSH OH DBMSHOEKYEK RTPZTBNNPK UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, OH, UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, OH RTBCHYFEMEC. rP PVEENKH NOEOYA, ZMBCHOPE UPUFPSMP CH FPN, YUFPVSH UTBTSBFSHUS YMY RP LTBKOEK NETE ZPFPCHYFSHUS L LFPNH. dPVSHCHBFSH PTHTSYE, KHUFTBYCHBFSH FBKOILY, RPDZPFBCHMYCHBFSH Y CHTENS PF CHTENEY PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH OBMEFSH CHPF P YUEN YMB TEYUSH! y LFK GEMSHHA OBDP VSHMP PTZBOYPCHCHBFSH ZTKHRRSCH PAR NEUFBI ЪOBAEYI DTHZ DTHZB MADEK, YULBFSH UTEDUFCHB DMS VPTSHVSH Y DETSBFSH SJSHL ЪB ЪНЯВБ. lPTPYUE ZPCHPTS, EUMY CHOKHFTY PTZBOYBGYK Y UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP PFOPUYFEMSHOPE EDYOUFChP CHZMSDHR, FP RTBLFYUEULBS VPTSHVB CHEMBUSH, OPPVPTTEMSCHNYPF, TBTPJOOOSCHNY ZT KHRUPPTEMFENYTH , DEKUFCHPCHBMY UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP Y PURBTYCHBMY DTKHZ KH DTHZB RTBCHP PAR YNECHYYEUS CH NYETOPN LPMYUEUFCHE PTHTSYE DEOSHZY .

h PLLKHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE, CH KHUMPCHYSI OERPUTEDUFCHOOOPK PRBUOPUFY, FBLPK LPOHLHTEOGYY OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP, PDOBLP TBPVEEOOPUFSH MADEK Y KHUIMYK RTPSCHMSMBUSH FBN ZPMBHOJDP. fBN VShchMP RTSNPE Y PRBUOPE UPUEDUFChP U RTPFYCHOILPN. rTYIPDYMPUSH YNEFSH DEMP U ZEUFBRP. OE VSHMP OILBLPK CHPNPTSOPUFY RETEDCHYZBFSHUS, RETERYUSCHCHBFSHUS, CHSHCHVYTBFSH LCHBTFYTH, OE RPDCHETZBSUSH UFTPZPNH LPOFTPMA. CHUE RPDPYFEMSHOSH RPRBDBMY CH FATSHNH Y CHCHUSCHMBMYUSH. yuFP LBUBEFUS BLFYCHOPZP uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, FP EZP VPKGCH OEKHNPMYNP RPDUFETEZBMY RSHCHFLY Y UNETFSH. h FYI HUMPCHYSI UIMSH VSHMY LTBKOYE TBURSHCHMEOSCH. CHNEUFE U FEN, RTYUKHFUFCHYE OENGECH UPЪDBCHBMP PVUFBOPCHLH, FPMLBCHYKHA PAR UPRTPFYCHMEOYE, PAR UPЪDBOYE RPDRPMSHOSHI PTZBOYBGYK. chPF RPYUENH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH LFK ЪPOE RTYPVTEFBMP OBRTSSEOOSHCHK CHPEOOP-ЪBZPCHPTEYUEULYK IBTBLFET. "ZTBTSDBOULBS Y CHPEOOBS PTZBOYBGYS", PUOPCHBOOBS RPMLPCHOILPN fHOY, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILY PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS" PE ZMBCHE U TYRPYEN, PTZBOYBGYS "uFPTPOOILYNDBOOPSvPPOYBGYS", PUOPCHBOOBS RPMLPCHOILPN {179} , PTZBOYBGYS "pUCHPVPTSDEOOYE UECHETB", LPFPTHA UZhPTNYTPCHBM LBCHBKEU, OBLPOEG, PTZBOYBGYS "zPMPU UECHETB", PUOPCHBOOBS Ch'OP, PE ZhMBODTYY, CH LTBA YPPDuflFlPPCHETB YUSHCHBMYUSH RTDETTSYCHBFSHUS LBLPZP-MYVP RPMYFYUEULPZP OBRTBCHMEOYS, CHEMY FPMSHLP CHPPTHTSEOHA VPTSHVH Y DEKUFCHPCHBMY OEVPMSHYYNYY , YЪPMYTPCHBOOSCHNY DTKhZ PF DTHZB RPDRPMSHOSHSHNY ZTHRRRBNY.

h LPOGE 1941 LPNNHOYUFSHCH UCHPA PYUETEDSH CHUFKHRYMYH VPTSHVH. dP LFPPZP YI THLPCHPDYFEMY ЪBOINBMY RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPEYA L PLHLHRBOFBN, ЪBFP TELP OBRBDBMY PAR BOZMPUBLUPOULYK LBRYFBMYYN Y EZP RTYNYTEOYUEULHA RPYGYA RP PFOPEYA L PLHLHRBOFBN. pDOBLP YI RPCHEDEOYE NNEOFBMSHOP YYNEOYMPUSH, LPZDB ZYFMET OBRBM PAR TPUUYA, B POY UBNY U FTHDPN UKHNEMY HKFY CH RPDRPMSHE Y KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHSY, OEPVIPDYNSCHE VPTSHVSHMS D. chRTPYUEN, POY VSCHMY L OEK RPDZPFPCHMEOSCH UCHPEK UYUFENPK RBTFYKOSCHI SUEEL, UELTEFOPUFSHA UCHEPEK YETBTIYY, RTEDBOOPUFSHA UCHPYI LBDTPCH. h OBGYPOBMSHOHA CHPKOKH POY CHLMAYUMYUSH PFCHBTTSOP Y KHNEMP, PFLMYLBSUSH VEUURPTOP (PUPVEOOOP TSDPCHCHESH YUMEOSH) PAR ЪПЧ TPДYOSCH, OP OYLPZDB OE FETSS Y BLOYUMYUSH, L BLOYUMYUSH ЪBLMAYUBCHYHAUS CH FPN, YUFPVSH KHUFBOPCHYFSH UCHPA DYLFBFHTH, CHPURPMSHЪPCHBCHYYUSH DTBNPK, LPFPTHA RETETSYCHBMB ZHTBOGYS . SING CHUE CHTENS UFTENYMYUSH UPITBOIFSH UB UPVPK UCHPVPDH DEKUFCHYK. OP CHNEUFE U FEN, RPMSH'HSUSH OBUFTPEOYSNY VPTGPCH uPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH FPN YUYUME Y CH PYI UPVUFCHEOOSHI TSDBI, LPFPTSHCHE IPFEMY FPMSHLP CHPECHBFSH, POY KHRPTOP UFTENYEDYPROYFTPHYUSHFPY TECHTBFYFSH EZP, EUMY PLBTSEFUS CHPNPTSOSHCHN, CH PTHDYE UCHPYI YUEUFPMAVICHSHI KHUFTENMEOYK.

fBL, CH PLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE POY UPЪDBMY "oBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZHTPOF" ZTHRRYTPCHLH YUYUFP RBFTYPFYUEULPZP IBTBLFETB, Y PTZBOYBGYA "ZhTBOFYTETSH Y RBTOBBL BLUBSTFY" UYFEMSHOP DMS VPTSHVSH U OENGBNY. h FY PTZBOYBGYY SING RTYCHMELBMY NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH OELPNNHOYUFYUEULYE BMENEOFSHCH, YUFPVSH FEN UBNSCHN NBULYTPCHBFSH UCHPY BNSHUMSHCH. dziedāt ЪBUSHMBMY UCHPYI MADEK RPD TBOSCHN CHYDPN CH THLPCHPDSEYE PTZBOSHCH CHUEI DTHZYI PTZBOYBGYK. dziedāt RTEDMPTSYMY NOE CHULPTE UCHPE UPDEKUFCHYE, RTY LFPN OH PAR NYOHFKH OE RETEUFBCHBS UMPUMPCHYFSH RP BDTEUKH "DEZPMMECHULZP NYZHB".

YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS NEOS, FP S IPFEM FPMSHLP, YuFPVSH SING RTYOPUYMY RPMSHЪKH. h VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN OEMSHHS RTEOEVTEZBFSH OILBLYNY UYMBNYY, Y S UYFBM, YUFP YI KHYUBUFYE SCHYFUS UKHEEUFCHEOOSCHN CHLMBDPN CH FH UCHPEPVTBOKHA CHPKOKH, LPFPTHRMP CHEMYBUSHLL CHPKOKH, LPFPTHRMP CHEMYBUSHLL. OP UMEDPCHBMP DPVYFSHUS, YUFPVSH POY DEKUFCHPCHBMY LBL YUBUFSH EDYOPK PTZBOYBGYY Y, ULBTSKH VEJ PVIOSLPCH, RPD NPYN THLPCHPDUFCHPN. rPMBZBSUSH PE NOPZPN PAR NPZKHYUKHA UYMKH OBGYPOBMSHOPZP YUKHCHUFCHB Y OEDPCHETYE, LPFPTPPENOE PLBBSCHBMY NBUUSH, AR UTBH TEYM RTEDPUFBCHYFSH YN PEHTLPNPHUKCHYF YN DPHTLPNHUKCYPE, LPZDB RTDEF CHTENS, CH EZP THLPCHPDUFCHE. pDOBLP UFPMSH TSE FCHETDP S TEYM OE DPRHULBFSH, YUFPVSH POY UNPZMY ЪBOSFSH DPNYOTHAEE RPMPTSEOYE, PFFEUOYFSH NEOS Y PYUHFYFSHUS X THLPCHPDUFCHB. fTBZEDYS, TEYBCHYBS UHDSHVKH ZTBOGYY, DBCHBMB LFYN ZHTBOGKHYBN, LPPTTSCHI CHPNHEBCHYBS YI OEURTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH RPUFBCHYMB CHOE OBGYY, B PYYVLY RPCHEMPUEMY CHPHPTHPUFFY, RPhPTPHULFYMBY OPCHSH UFBFSH YUBUFSH EDYOPK OBGYY, IPFS VSC FPMSHLP PAR RETYPD VPTSHVSHCH. ar IPFEM UDEMBFSH FBL, YuFPVSH LFB CHPTNPTSOPUFSH OE VSHMB OBCHUEZDB RPFETSOB. y FPZDB, LBL y Ch RTPYMPN, UP UMPCHBNY “dB ЪDTБЧУФЧХЭФ ЖТКОГИС!” NPZMY VSC HNYTBFSH CHUE, LFP FBL YMY YOBYUE PFDBCHBM ЪB OEE UCHPA TSYOSH. h OERTETSCHOPN DCHYTSEOYY TSYYOY CHUE DPLFTYOSCH, CHUE YLPMSCH, CHUE TECHPMAGYY RTEIPDSEY. lPNNHOYIN OE CHUEOO. OP ZhTBOGYS CHEYUOB. ar KHCHETEO, YuFP CH EE UKHDSHVE VPMSHYKHA TPMSH USCHZTBEF CH LPOYUOPN UUEFE FPF ZBLF, YuFP RTY CHUEI PVUFPSFEMSHUFCHBI PE CHTENS PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS -CH LFPF PĒDPMZYK, OP TEYBATYCHYMPEKYF PÖMSHYK UEOOOPK OBGYEK.

h PLFSVTE 1941 S KHOOBM, YuFP h mYUUBVPO RTYVSHHM YЪ ZhTBOGYY TsBO nKHMIO {180} , LPFPTSHK IPFEM RPRBUFSH H mPODPO. ar ЪOBM, LFP VShchM LFPF YuEMPCHEL. s ЪOBM, CH YUBUFOPUFY, YuFP LBL RTEZHELF DERBTFBNEOFB y T Y mHBT ON RTPSCHYM CHSHUPLPPE NHTSEUFChP Y DPUFPYOUFChP PE CHTENS CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH H yBTFT. OENGSH CHUSYUEULY PULPTVMSMY EZP, TBOYMY Y VTPUYMY CH FATSHNH. h LPOGE LPOGPCH ON VSHM PUCHPVPTSDEO, ENKH RTYOEUMY YICHYOEOYS. CHYYYUFSH UNEUFYMY EZP U RPUFB, Y OBIPDIYMUS CH PRBME. ar ЪOBM, UFP ON IPFEM UMHTSYFSH. rПФПНХ С РПРТПУМ Х ВТІФБУЛИ ЦМБУFEК OBRTBCHYFSH LFPZP DPUFPKOPZP YUEMPCHELB CH BOZMYA. pDOBLP RTYYMPUSH TsDBFSH DCHB NEUSGB, YuFPVSH RPMKHYYFSH YI UPZMBUYE. "YOFEMMYDTSEOU UETCHYU" UFTENYMBUSH CHOSFSH nHMYOB L UEVE, B PO, OBPVPTPF, FTEVPCHBM, YUFPVSHCH EZP PFRTBCHIMY CH NPE TBURPTTSEOYE. vMBZPDBTS OBUFPSFEMSHOPK RTPUSHVE, U LPFPTPK S CH RYUSHNEOOOPK ZHTNE PVTBFYMUS L IDEOX, LFPF YuEUFOSCHK ZHTBOGKH UNPZ RTYVSCHFSH L NEUFKH OBYEOYS. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY NOE UFPYMP FBLYI TSE KHUIMYK PVEUREYUYFSH EZP CHPCHTBEEOOYE PE ZhTBOGYA. h FEYUEOOYE DELBVTS AR KAS OYN RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOSHESCH VUEEDCH. TsBO nKhMIO DP PFYAEDB CH mPODPO YNEM NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHUFTEYUY U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY CHUEI PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y, LTPNE FPZP, ЪPODYTPYUYUMEOOTBM RPYLPYUYUMEOORPY I Y BDNYOYUFTBFYCHOSHI UZHETBI. saskaņā ar IPTPYP OBM PVUFBOPCHLH FBN, ZDE M U UBNPZP OBYUBMB RTEDRPMBZBM EZP YURPMSHЪPCHBFSH. AUTORS DEBM SUOSCH RTEDMPTSEOYS YUEFLP YIMBZBM UCHPY RTPUSHVSHCH.

yFPF YUEMPCHEL, EEE NMPPDK, OP HTSE OBLPRYCHYYK UMKHTSEVOSHCHK PRSHCHF, VSHM FPK TSE EBBLBMLY, YuFP Y CHUE NPI MKHYUYE URPDCHYTSOIL. CHUEK DKHYPK MAVSEIK ZHTBOGYA, KHVETSDEOOOSCHK CH FPN, YuFP "DEZPMMYYN" DPMTSEO VSHFSH OE FPMSHLP YOUFTHNEOFPN VPTSHVSHCH, OP Y DCHYTSKHEEK UYMPK CHUSLPZP PVHCOPCHTEMPEEB, YuFP CHFPOYPP FCHB SCHMSEFUS "UChPVPDOBS ZhTBOGYS", UFTENYMUS L VPMSHYYN DEMBN. l FPNH TSE, VKHDHYUYEMPCHELPN ЪDTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN, FTEЪChP PGEOYCHBS CHEY Y MADEK, BY PUEOSH PVDHNBOOP YEM RP RHFY, KHUESOOPN MPCHKHYLBNY RTPFPRTUPЪ FUCHYSTHNY, FTEЪChP DTTBCHPNSHUMSEIN. CHETYCHYK CH UCHPE DEMP, TBUYUEFMYCHSHCHK, OE UPNOECHBAEIKUS OY CH YUEN Y OYUENKH OE DPCHETSAEIK, BRPUFPM Y PDOPCHTENEOOOP YURPMOYFEMSH, nKHMIO ЪB CHBCHEDBCHUKSH 18 NEUSGEKYKYM YOUFCHP CH DCHYTSEOY UPRTPPHYCHMEOYS, UHEEUFCHPCHBCHYEE, RP UHFY DEMB, UYNCHPMYUEULY, PĒC RTECHTBFYM CH TEBMSHOPE EDYOUFCHP. ъBFEN, UFBCH TSETFChPK RTEDBFEMSHUFCHB, RETEOEUS FATSHNH Y TSEUFPLYE RSCHFLY RPDMPZP CHTBZB, TsBO nHMYO PFDBM TSIYOSH ЪB ZhTBOGYA, LBL Y NOPZIE YFTPHECTSH, ITBVLPYTSH MSHE RPUCHSEBMY DPMZYE OPIY VPTSHVE, YUFPVSH ULPTEE OBUFHRIM TBUUCHEF.

NSH HUMPCHYMYUSH, YuFP PO RPUFBTBEFUS UOBYUBMB RTPCHEUFY TBVPFH CH PTZBOYBGYSI uPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK KOPSCH, YuFPVSH KHVEDYFSH YI UPJDBFSH LPPSHPTFCUCER VPFPTFCUCER EZP THLPCHPDUFCHPP HOOOP UCHSBO U obGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN, DBCHBM PVEYE HLBBOYS Y BOINBMUS TEYOYEN CHOKHFTEOOYI URPTCH. rP PLPOYUBOY LFK TBVPFSH nKHMIO DPMTSEO VSHM ЪBOSFSHUS UECHETOPK ЪPOPK, YUFPVSH RPRSCHFBFSHUS PTZBOYPCHBFSH DMS CHUEK FETTYFPTYY EDYOSCHK UPCHEF UPCHEF UPRTPFYCHUSZHKTS. OP LBL FPMSHLP ЪBYMB TEYUSH P UPЪDBOY EDYOPZP PTZBOB, LPFPTSCHK CHPЪZMBCHYM VSH CH NEFTPRPMYY CHUE PTZBOYBGYY, KHYUBUFChPCHBCHYYE CH DCHYTSEOYB UPЪDBOY UPRTCHYTSEOYBYPPRYPPY, CHYUBUFChPCHBCHYYE UPRTCHYPCUPPRYMPY LYI RBTFYSI Y P CHOKHFTEOOYI CHPPTHTSEOOSHI UIMBI CH UFTBOE.

rtyoinbs pe choynboye fpmshlp redufbchyfemshoshchk, op pfoadsh oe thlpchpdsik iBtblfet, lpfptSchkno P rbtfyy. CHIPTSDEOOYE YI CH UPCHEF VSHMP OEYVETSOP. chRTPYUEN, RP NPENKH NOEOYA, OBY OYUYUBUFSHS PVASUOSMYUSH OE UHYUEUFCHPCHBOYEN RBTFYK, B FEN, YuFP, RPMSHJHSUSH OBYNYY RTYYEDYYYYYYNYH LHEFIBUTYBPOFTUNYSH CHEFIFUPUFTYYYYNYH, OBUYUYUBUFSHS PVASUOSMYUSH OE UCHBYCHBMY UEVE CHMBUFSH. ChPF RPYUENKH, RTYOBCHBS JB RBTFYSNYI TPMSH, S OE TSEMBM, YUFPVSH FERETSH POY PLBBBMYUSH PE ZMBCHE UPRTPFYCHMEOYS. OH CH LPEK NETE OH YI YIDEY, OH YI DESFEMSHOPUFSH OE SCHMSMYUSH YUFPYUOILPN uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, RPFPNKH YFP CHUE UFY RBTFYY VEY YULMAYUEOYS PLBBMYUSH OEUPUFPSTENEOFEIKNYNYNPTEMSYBASHOMEOYS. OP EEE CHYUETB RETETSYCHBCHYE LTYYU CH TEHMSHFBFE LBFBUFTPZHSCH, SING OBYUBMY FERETSH KHLTERMSFSHUS. yI PFDEMSHOSHE BMENEOFSHCH, CHUFKHRBS CH DCHYTSEOYE uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, ZTHRRYTPCHBMYUSH NETSDH UPVPK, RTDETTSYCHBUSH TBNPL RTETSOYI PFOPEOYK.

rTBCHDB, MYYICHYYUSH LMYEOFHTSCH RTEDNEFB UCHPYI ЪBVPF, B FBLCE CHPNPTSOPUFY ЪBOINBFSHUS LPNVIOBGYSNYY FPTZPCHBFSHUS YЪ-ЪB RPTFZHEMEK, YYICHYYUSH LMYEOFHTSCH RTEDNEFB RPTFZHEMEK, YYICHYYUSH RPTFZHEMEK, RTEDNEFBSHBEPTCHNB L YUUFSHCHN YUFPLBN UCHPEZP UKHEEUFCHPCHBOYS, FP EUFSH L YDEBMBN UPGYBMSHOPK URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY, LHMSHFH OBGYPOBMSHOSHI FTBDYG JK, RTPRPCHEDY UCHEFULPFCHPZP IBTBLFEULPFCHPP IBTBLFELTUBCHPP Y ZPTSUYN ITYUFYBOWLIN YUKHCHUFCHBN. yI UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYE PTZBOYBGYY, PUOPCHBFEMSHOP PUYEEOOOSCH, IPFEMY, LBBMPUSH, FPMSHLP PDOPZP: OENEDMEOOOP CHEUFY UCHPK CHLMBD CH VPTSHVH, YURPMSHJHS FE YMY NO FECHEOP YOSCHEOSY. NETSDH FEN RPUMEDOEE OBUYOBMP PGEOYCHBFSH RP DPUFPYOUFCHH KHNEMSCHE DEKUFCHYS LFYI IPTPYP OBLPNSHI ENKH PTZBOYBGYK, FEN VPMEE YUFP POY PFTELBMYUSH PF UCHTSVPLOYI PYTEVPLOYI PYTEVPLOYI. oBLPOEG, ЪB RPchedeoyen RBTFYKOSCHI DESFEMEK CHOINBFEMSHOP UMEDYMY UPAYOIL. dPVYCHBUSH EDYOUFCHB OBGYY, RTYIPDIMPUSH UYUYFBFSHUS U ZHBLFBNY. h UCHSY U LFYN S DBM nHMYOKH YOUFTHLGYA CH OBDMETSBAKE NPNEOF CHCHEUFY CH UPCHEF, LPFPTSCHK RTEDRPMBZBMPUSH UPJDBFSH, DEMEZBFPCH PF RBTFYK OBTSPFGYDKH U RTEDUFUOPRTBSCHYFEMSNY S.

eUMY S TBUUUYFSHCHBM FBLYN RKHFEN DPVYFSHUS OELPFPTPZP EDYOUFCHB CH RPMYFYUEULPK VPTSHVE ZHTBOGYY, FP FPZP TSE S IPFEM DPUFYUSH Y CH CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVE. h LFPN PFOPYEOYY RETCHBS FTHDOPUFSH RPTPTsDBMBUSH UBNYNY PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPFYCHMEOYS, LPFPTSHCHE, UPЪDBCHBS VPECHSHCHE PFTSDSH, IPFEMY UPITBOYFSH OBD OYBUFSHPA CHMOM. l FPNH TSE, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN OULPMSHLYI ZPTOSCHI YMY FTHDOPDPUFHROSCHI TBKPOCH, LFY PFTSDSH NPZMY UKHEEUFCHPCHBFSH MYYSH CH CHYDE NEMLYI ZTHRR. fBL VSHMP, CH YUBUFOPUFY, CH “NBLY”, ZDE ZHTNYTPCHBMYUSH ZTHRRRSCH RBTFYIBO CH PUOPCHOPN YI MADEK, HLMPOYCHYIUS PF PFRTBCHLY CH ZETNBOYA Y LPFPTSCHN RTYIPDIMPUSH ULTEUSHCHBSHPUFFULPK. PF OYI RPFPNKH NPTsOP VSHMP PCYDBFSH FPMSHLP RBTFYBOULPK CHPKOSHCH, LPFPTBS DBMB VSC CHEUSHNB LZHZHELFYCHOSHE TEKHMSHFBFSCH, EUMY VSH YI TBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS VFBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS VFBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS VFBTPJOOOSCH DEKUFCHYS VFBTPCCMBVCHYS VFBOPCCMBVMY Yu. fBLYN PVTBJPN, RTEDPUFBCHMSS TBMYUOSCHN ZTHRRRBN CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH BCHFPOPNOP, OHTsOP VSHMP TBTEYYFSH RTPVMENKH, UPUFPSEKHA CH FPN, YuFPVSH YUPDNPSHY UPEDYNETRYPEDYNETALH PK, OP DEKUFCHOOOPK PTZBOYBGYY, RPDYYOSAEEKUS OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP NOE. fP RPJCHPMYMP VSH OBNEFIFSH DMS OYI CH ZHTNE RMBOB, UPZMBUPCHBOOPZP U UPAOSCHN LPNBODPCHBOYEN, PVEYE ЪBDBUY, LPFPTSHCHE POY CHSHRPMOSMY VSC CH ЪBCHYYPBUZDBYDB, CHRP CHYFUS OBLPOEG (!) CHCHUBDLB UPAOSHI CHPKUL CH ECHTPRE. ar RPTHYUYM nHMYOKH DPVYFSHUS PF PTZBOYBGYK uPRTPFYCHMEOYS LFPPZP LMENEOFBTOPZP CHBYNPDEKUFCHYS YI CHPEOOSCHI ZTHRR. noe RTYYMPUSH, PDOBLP, TsDBFSH OUEULPMSHLP NEUSGECH, RTETSDE YUEN KHDBMPUSH UPJDBFSH CH MYGE ZEOETBMB DEMEUFTOB LPNBODPCHBOIE FBKOPK BTNYY.

TsBO nKHMIO VSHM UVTPYEO PAR RBTBYAFE PAR AZ ZhTBOGYY CH OPYUSH PAR RETCHPE SOCHBTS. x OEZP VSHMP NPE RTEDRYUBOYE, UPZMBUOP LPFPTPNH, BY OBYUBMUS NPYN DEMEZBFPN CH OEPLHLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOE NEFTPRPMYY U BDBUYEK PVEUREYUYFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUTBOMRRTP EDYOUFCHP DEKUTBOMRRYTPYPFYOUFCHYOSPROYK. EZP RPMOPNPYYS RPFPNH OE NPZMY CH RTYOGYRE PURBTYCHBFSHUS. oP ENH RTEDUFPSMP PUHEEUFCHYFSH YI RTY NPEK RPDDETZLE. h UCHSY U LFYN VSHMP TEYEOP, YuFP YNEOOP PO SCHYFUS PE zhTBOGYY GEOFTBMSHOSCHN ЪCHOPN OBYI UCHSJEK -RTETSDE CHUEZP U ATSOPK ЪPOPK, B RP NETE CHNPTSOPUFY UECHERTOPUFY Y UECHERTOPUFY Y; YuFP CH EZP TBURPTTSEOY VHDHF OBIPDIFSHUS UTEDUFCHB UCHSY; YuFP L OENKH VHDHF RTYLTERMEOSCH OBIY UCHSOSCH; YuFP ON VKhDEF PUCHEDPNMEO P RETEVTPULE OBEZP MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB, ZTHJPCH, LPTTEURPODEOGYYY BOZMYYY PE ZhTBOGYAY PVTBFOP; OBLPOEG, YuFP PO VKhDEF RPMKHYUBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, OBRTBCHMSENSHHE OBNY DMS TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH NEFTPRPMYY. u FYYNY RPMOPNPYYSNY nHMYO RTYUFHRIM L DEMH.

rP EZP YOYGYBFYCHE, RPDDETTSBOOPK UOYH, THLPCHPDYFEMY PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS ACOPK ЪPOSH CHULPTE PVEYNY HUYMYSNY UPЪDBMY UCHPEZP TPDB UPCHEF, RTEDDETTSBOOPK UOYH, RTEDDETTSBOOPK BMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB. h NBTFE POY PRHVMYLPCHBMY UPCHNEUFOKHA DELMBTBGYA RPD OBCHBOYEN “edYOBS VPTSHVB, EDYOSCHK THLPCHPDYFEMSH”, PVJHSUSH PUKHEEUFCHMSFSH EDYOUFCHP DEKUFCHYK RVFPDDSCHP DEKUFCHYK VLPSCHPCHPCH ETBMB DE zPMMS. h DESFEMSHOPUFY TBMYUOSHI PTZBOYBGYK UFBM CHPGBTSFSHUS RPTSDPL. zPFPCHYMPUSH PVAEDYOOYE NETPRTYSFYK CH PFOPEYOYY CHPEOYBGYY RBTFYBOWLYI ZTHRR. h FP CE CHTENS U OBYEK RPNPESHA nKHMIO UPЪDBM RTY UCHPEK DEMEZBGYY GEOFTBMYPCHBOOSCH PTZBOSHCH.

fBL, OBRTYNET, "UMKHTSVB CHP'DKHYOSCHI NPTULYI PRETBGYK" RPMKHYUBMB OERPUTEDUFHEOOP PF RPMLPCHOILB DECHBCHTEOB YOUFTHLGYY PFOPUYFEMSHOP RTYVSCHFYS Y PFRTBCHLY UHDNHRPME. LBTSDSCHK NEUSG CH MKHOOSCHE OPYU UBNPMEFSH "MYUBODT" YMY VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLY, CHEDPNSHCHE FBLYNY RYMPFBNY, LBL mPTBO Y MYCHTY-MECHEMSH, LPFPTSHCHE NBUFETULY UPNPMEFNY, YMBUFETULY URBNPMEFNY, YMBDYTPCHEY OBNEYOOOSCHY RHOLFBY. MADY, LPFPTSCHE RPUFPSOOP TYULLPCHBMY UCHPEK TSYOSHA, PVEUREYUYCHBMY UYZOBMYBGYA, RTYEN YMY PFRTBCHMEOYE RBUUBTSYTPCH Y ZTHЪPCH Y PITBOKH. yuBUFP RTYIPDYMPUSH RTYOINBFSH LPOFEKOETSH, LPFPTSCHE UVTBUSHCHBMYUSH PAR RBTBUAFBI CH KHUFBOPCHMEOOSCHI NEUFBI, RTSFBFSH Y TBURTEDEMSFSH UPDETSBCHYYEUS CH OYI ZTHYSHCH. "UMHTSVB TBDYP", LPFPTHA TsAMYFF PTZBOYPCHBM PAR NEUFE, DEKUFChPChBMB FBLCE RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nHMYOB, RETEDBCHBS CH mPODPO Y RPMHYUBS PFFHDB ETSENEUSSYUOP NEUSFEPSCHBY, F. F. F. F. F. F. F. F. T SEOYE UCHPYI TBDYPUFBOGYK, PVOBTHTSEOOSCHI RTPFPYCHOILPN, Y CHPURPMOSS RP NETE CHPNPTSOPUFY UCHPY VPMSHYIE RPFETY. nHMYO UPJDBM FBLCE "VATP REYUBFY YOZHPTNBGYY" PE ZMBCHE U tsPTTSEN vYDP {181} , LPFPTSCHK DETTSBM OBU CH LHTUE TBMYUOSCHI OBUFTPEOYK, CH YUBUFOPUFY YOFEMMYZEOGYY, B FBLCE PVEEUFCHEOOSCHY RPMYFYUEULYI LTHZPCH. hYUTETSDEOOOSCHK RTY OEN "zMBCHOSCHK OBKHYOP-YUUMEDPCHBFEMSHULYK LPNYFEF", CH LPFPTPN TBVPFBMY vBUFYD, mBLPUF, DE nBOFPO, rBTPDY, FEFTSEO, lHTFEO, ELEKTRODEV. vMPL-MEOE THLPCHPDYM RP RPTHYUEOYA DEMEZBGYY ZHJOBUPCHSHNYY PRETBGYSNYYY ITBOYM DEOOTSOSCHE UTEDUFCHB, RPMHYUEOOOSCHYY MPODPOB. fBLYN PVTBBPN, YUETE RPUTEDUFCHP nHMYOB, DETSBCHYEZP CH UCHPYI THLBI PUOPCHOSCHE OIFY THLPCHPDUFCHB, DESFEMSHOPUFSH OBEZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB UFBMB DBFCHBFCHB . bFP RPDFCHETTSDBMY CH RETCHSHCHE CE NEUSGSHCH 1942 PYUECHYDGSHCH, RTYVSHCHBCHYE YJ ZhTBOGYY.

h YI YUYUME VSHHM ĒNAS. h PDOKH Ъ ZHECHTBMSHULYI OPUEK ON RTYCHE Ъ rBTYTSB UCHSLY DPLHNEOPCH DMS OBYI UMKHTSV, B NPEK TSEOE BBBMYA CH GCHEFPUOPN ZPTYLE, LHRMEOOKHA PAR KHMYGE THBKBMSH. DESFEMSHOPUFSH EZP UEFI "lPOZHTETY oPFT-dBN" VSHMB CH RPMOPN TBZBTE.

OBRTYNET, OH PDYO Y OENEGLYI OBDCHPDOSHI LPTBVMEK OE RPKFY CH VTEUF, mPTYBO, OBOF, TPYZhPT, MB-tPYEMSH, vPTDP YMY CHSHKFY PFFHDB VEЪ FPZP, YUPOPPOFPNNPENS VSHPOMMEPKDPNNPENS FF. oh PDOP CHTBTSEULPE UPPTTHTSEOYE NPZMP VSHFSH RPUFTPEOP PAR VETEZKH MB-nBOYB YMY PAR bFMBOFYUEULPN RPVETETSSHE H YUBUFOPUFY, PAR VBBI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL VEЪ UPPTBURMTB FPOYh PFZP, SE Y'CHEUFOSH OBN. lTPNE FPZP, TENY NEFPDYUEULY KHUFBOBCHMYCHBM UCHSY MYVP U DTHZYNY UEFSNY, MYVP U PTZBOYBGYSNY uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PLLHRYTPCHBOOPK ЪPOSHCH, MYVP U LPNNHOYUFBNY. rPUMEDOYE, CHUFTEFYYYUSH U OIN OEBDPMZP DP PFYAEDB, RPTHYUYMY RETEDBFSH NOE, YuFP POY ZPFPCHSH RTYOBFSH NPE THLPCHPDUFCHP Y RPUMBFSH RPMOPNPYuOPZP RTEDUFBUDCHYFE CHYAEDP NPOPBBUCHYFEMS.

h NBTFE CH mPODPO RTYVSHCHM OBFTY NEUSGB Y RTPCHEM U OBNY PYUEOSH RPMEЪОХА TBVPFH ACVN YЪ THLPCHPDYFEMEK PTZBOYBGYY “PUCHPVPTSDEOYE UECHETB” Y РІКЪПЧMYПЪПОGPCHETOOPE h BRTEME OBU RPUEFYM NNBOAMSH D "BUFSHE, CHPPTHTSEOOSCHK TBOBOSCHNY RPTPELFBNY Y TBUYUEFBNY, Y S UYUYE OKHTSOSHN OBRTBCHYFSH EZP DP CHPCHTBEEOOYS PE ZhTBOGYA CH UPEDOOOOSHEPUFPSCH, YUPEDOOOSHEOPSHPCH HCHE CHPRPTUSCH, UCHSBOOOSCH U UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ъBFEN RTYEIBM vTPUUPMEF. {182} . ON VSHM RPMPO CHUSLIYI UBNSHCHUPLYI RPMYFYUEULYI YDEK, ZMHVPLP ULPTVEM P UHDSHVE ZhTBOGYY, CHCHETZOHFPK CH LBFBUFTPZHKH, TsDBM PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS FPMSHLP PF, CHPLPTYCHEMYNB PF, DEZPMTYCHEMYNBONE DEZPMTYCHEMYNB. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY: SCYMUS PDOYN YI CHDPIOPCHYFEMEK OBUYEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS CH UFTBOE. OP PDOBTSDSCH, CHSHRPMOSS RPTHYUEOOPE ЪBDBOE, vTPUUPMEF VSHM UICHBUEO CHTBZPN Y RPLPOYUM TSYOSH UBNPKHVYKUFCHPN, OE OBDESUSH PAR UCHPY UYMSCH. u RPUMBOYSNY PF OELPFPTSCHI RBTMBNEOFULYI DESFEMEK RTYVSHCHM FBLCE TPL, LPFPTSCHK CHRPUMEDUFCHYY VSHM BTEUFPCHBO Y HVYF. yЪ PLLLHRYTPCHBOOPC ЪPOSH RTYEIBM rPMSH UYNPO, RPUMBOOSCHK "ZTBTSDBOULPK Y CHPEOOOPK PTZBOYBGYEK" DMS KHUFBOPCHMEOYS UCHSY. UYNPO U EZP ZPTSYUYN KHNPN Y IMPPDOPK TEYYNPUFSHA PLBBM uPRTPFYCHMEOYA VPMSHYE HUMKHZY. PĒC VSHHM KHVYF CHTBZPN OBLBOKHOYE PUCHPVPTSDEOOYS. OBLPOEG, CH mPODPO YYASCHYMY TSEMBOYE RTYEIBFSH ZHYMIR, yBTMSH chBMEO, CHSEOP, dBOYMSH NEKET Y DTHZIE.

npy Veuedsch U Fyny Madshny, CH VPMSHYOUFCHE UCHPEN NPMPDSHNY, RSHMLYNY, OBUFPKYCHSHNY CH VPTSHEY Ufchpchbchyyk ch uftboe ch npneof lbfbuftpzhshch. dCHYTSEOYE uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS VSHMP OE FPMSHLP CHURSHCHYLPK OBEK DP LTBKOPUFY PUMBVMEOOPK PVPTPPOSH. pOP RPTPTsDBMP FBLCE OBDETSDH PAR PVPCHMEOYE. Eumi FPMSHLP UPRSTPFICHMEEEE OU TBOBRUMCHMYFUS RPUMA RPEDSHECH, NPTSOP VSHMP Obdesfshus, YuFP Pop Uthobzpn Zmkhvpley Rtepvtbbboykboy Chuke Uyutpley Khuimyk Obgyy. CHUFTEYUBSUSH U THLPCHPDYFEMSNY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS PAR NPK RTYYSHCHCH, S DKHNBM, YuFP, NPTsEF VSHFSH, FE YI OYI, LFP PUFBOEFUS CH TSICHSHCHI, PFLMYLOKHCHYNYUS CH TSICHSHCHI, PVTHTBKHCHYNYUS CHETYEOYK PE YNS PVEEEUEMPCHYUEULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI RTYOGYRPCH. OP LFP VSHMP VSH TEBMSSHOP MYYSH RTY HUMPCHYY, YFP, LPZDB NYOHEF PRBUOPUFSH, POY RPDYYOSFUS FPK DYUGYRMYOE KHNB Y YUKHCHUFCH, VEЪ LPFPTPK OYUEZP OE ABLPFIPTTBISH LLPFIPTBBYSH YMP.

PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE, OBUFKHRIM NPNEOF, LPZDB S DPMTSEO VSCHM U UPZMBUYS CHUEZP UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y PF UCHPEZP YNEOY RTPCHPZMBUYFSH GEMSH, L LPFPTPK NSCH UFTENYMYUSH. bFPK GEMSHA VSHMP PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE CH RPMOPN UNSHUME UMPCHB, FP EUFSH PUCHPVPTSDEOOYE LBL YUEMPCHELB, FBL Y TPDOYOSCH. ar RTPCHPZMBUYM EE CH ZHTNE NBOYZHEUFB, RTYOSFPZP oBGYPOBMSHOSCHN LPNYFEFPN RPUME FPZP, LBL PTZBOYBGYY UPRTPFYCHMEOYS Y NPI RTEDUFBCHYFEMY PE ZhTBOGYY NO OSHCHULCHPEMY. h NBOYZHEUFE AR ЪБСЧМSM, YuFP, TEYCH PFUFPSFSH UCHPVPDH, YUEUFSH Y VEJPRBUOPUFSH ZhTBOGYY CH NYTE RKHFEN HOYUFPTSEOYS CHTBZB, NSCH OBNETECHBENUS ZBDPЧИNKИBCЦFTBИTPCHB ДПК ЖТБОКХЦЭОLe, УНИОЧ ОЭДПУФПКОШЧК ТЦYН, RTY LPFPTPN NOPZIE ZTBTSSDBOE VSHMY YI MYYESCH. fBLYN PVTBBPN, S PUKhTSDBM LBL "FPF NPTBMSHOSCHK, UPGYBMSHOSCHK, RPMYFYUEULYK Y LLPOPNYUEULIK TETSYN, LPFPTSCHK RBM PE CHTENS RPTBTTSEOYS", FBL Y "TETSYN, LIYBMSHOSCH." y AR KHFCHETTSDBM: “pVAEDYOSSUSH DMS RPVEDSCH, ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD UPEDIOSEFUS DMS TECHPMAGYY.” nBOYZHEUF VSHM PRHVMYLPCHBO 23 YAOS 1942 PE CHUEI RPDRPMSHOSCHI ZBEFBI PVEYI ЪPO Ъ Ъ Ъ РТДИП П ТБДИП Ъ вТЧИЪПOBС.

h LFPF RETYPD CHTENEY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN HUMPCHYS VPTSHVSC h NEFTPRPMYY CHSCHOKHTSDBMY NEOS PUFBCHMSFSH obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF CH mPODPOE. pDOBLP S YUBUFP DKHNBM P RETEOUEOOYY EZP DESFEMSHOPUFY PAR ZHTBOGKHULHA FETTYFPTYA, OBRTYNET CH vTBЪBCHYMSH. ьFPF CHPRTPU CHUFBCHBM PUPVEOOOP PUFTP FPZDB, LPZDB CH OBUYI PFOPEYOYSI U BOZMYEK CHPOILBM LTYYU. OP CH FBLYI UMKHYUBSI S PFCHYUBM UEVE: “lBL Y ZMHVYOSCH bZhTYLY UOPUIFSHUS U TPDYOPK, ZPCHPTYFSH U OEK, THLPCHPDYFSH uPRTPPFYCHMEOYEN? b CHCHEMYLPVTYFBOYY, OBRTPFYCH, YNEAFUS CHUE OEPVIPDYNSCHE UTEDUFCHB UCHSYY YOZHPTNBGYY. l FPNH CE OBIY HUYMYS RP MYOY DYRMPNBFYUEULYI PFOPYEOIK U UPAYOSHNY RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHBNY FTEVPPCHBMY UPPFCHEFUFCHHAEYI LPOFBLFPCH, PVUFBOPCHLY, LPFPTSCHE NPFBOPCHLY, LPFPTSCHE LPFPPKUMYNEMYUSH MANS VSH MYYEOSCH PAR VETEZBI lPOZP. oBLPOEG, S DPMTSEO VSHCHFSH RPUFPSOOP UCHSBO U FENY OBYNYYUBUFSNY, LPFPTSHCHE NPZHF DYUMPGYTPCHBFSHUS FPMSHLP PAR VTYFBOULYI PUFTPCBI.

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YuBEE CHUEZP NPK DEOSH RTPIPPDYF CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU. FBN S CHSHCHUMKHYYCHBA PFUEFSH, RPMKHYUBA RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF ZhTBOUKHB lHME, UFBCHYEZP OBYUBMSHOILPN LBVYOEFB RPUME FPZP, LBL lHTUEMSH RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF ZhTBOUKHB lHME, UFBCHYEZP OBYUBMSHOILPN LBVYOEFB RPUME FPZP, LBL lHTUEMSH RYUSHNB Y FEMEZTBNNSH PF vYKPFFB, OBYUBMSHOILB NPEZP YFBVB, UNEOYCHYEZP PAR LFPN RPUFH DCHHI MYG: rEFY, LPPTSHCHK LPNBODYTPCHBO CH nPULCHH , Y pTFPMY, LPFPTSHK LPNBODHEF LPOFTNYOPOPUGEN “fTYPNZHBO”. fBN uKHUFEMSH DPLMBDSCHCHBEF NOE P RPUFKHRYCHYEK UB DEOSH YOZHTNBGYY; rBUUY-DECHBCHTEO RTYOPUYF PFUEFSHCH, RPMHYUEOOOSCHE YJ ZhTBOGYY; YKHNBO RPMKHYUBEF PF NEOS KHLBBOYS PFOPUYFEMSHOP UCHPYI CCHHUFKHRMEOYK RP TBDYP. fBN S TEYBA DEMPCHCHESCHPRPTUSCH U OBGYPOBMSHOSCHNY LPNYUUBTBNYY OBYUBMSHOILBNY UMHTSV, RTOYNBA RPUEFYFEMEK YMY RTYZMBYEOOSCHY MYG, PFDBA RTYLBYSH YOUFTRYDELFUSHGY, RPDBA CHESHY. yuBUFP S ЪBCHFTBLBA, B YOPZDB Y PVEDBA CH PVEEUFCHE UPAOSHI RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK YMY ZHTBOGKHIPCH, U LPFPTSHNYE OHTsOP RETEZPCHPTYFSH. YuFP LBUBEFUS VPMSHYPK DMS NEOS TBVPFSH RP TEDBLFYTPCHBOYA UCHPYI CCHHUFKHRMEOYK, FP S HER DEMBA DPNB RP CHEYUETBN YMY CHULTEUEOSH. PE CHUSLPN UMHYUBE, S UFBTBAUSH OE NEYBFSH TBVPFE UMHTSV OETBUUEFMYCHSHN TBURTEDEMEOYEN CHTENEY. lBL RTBCHYMP, CH lBTMFPO-ZBTDEOU OILFP, ЪB YULMAYUEOYEN YYZHTPCHBMSHOPZP VATP, OPIUSHA OE TBVPFBEF.

pDOBLP S DPMTSEO VSHM EEE DEMBFSH NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCH CHYYFSHCH. oEBCHYUYNP PF VEUED U BOZMYKULYNYYYUFTBNY, BUEDBOYK YFBVB, GETENPOOK, PAR LPPTSHCHE NEOS RTYZMBYBEF BOZMYKULPE YMY DTHZPE UPAЪOPE RTBCHYFEMSHUFChP.PDPDDHTPUŠU ZMĪKŠBOOTHBEMSHUFChP, S PFRTBYCHMS KHULKK TSYYO CH mPODPOE. “ZhTBOGKHULYK YOUFYFHF”, UTBH TSE RTYUPEDYOYCHYKUS L OBYENH DEMKH CH MYGE UCHPEZP DITELFPTB RTPZHEUUPTB UPTB, RTEDPUFBCHMSEF OBYN UPPFEYUFCHEOILBN DUPFEYUFCHEOILBN DFHOOPCHOPCHOPCHOPCHY SYOY. "ZhTBOGKHULPE PVAEDYOOYE" RTDDPMTSBEF UCHPE DEM RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN FENKHOB Y NBDNHBEMSH UBMSHNPO. “DPN YOUFYFKHFB ZhTBOGYY” CHRMPFSH DP FPZP CHEYUETB, LPZDB PO VSHHM TBTHYEO VPNVBNY, RPIPPTPOYCH RPD PVMPNLBNY UCHPEZP BDNYOYUFTBFPTB tPVETB lTA, DPUFHTBHPPCHMSEF YOVHVUCHPFEEKY DPLHNEOFBGYA. “dTHЪSHS ZHTBOGKHULYI DPVTPPCHPMSHGECH” -PVEEUFChP, THLPCHPDYNPE MPTDPN fYTTEMMPN, MPTDPN DE MB xPTT, MPTDPN bKCHPTPN yuetyuymmen Y UPUFPSEE ZMBCHOSCHOPPONCHN BOBNUBOSCHN LPNYFEF uTBTSBAEEKUS zhTBOGYY" CH yPFMBODYY RPD RTEDUEDBFEMSHUFCHPN OBEZP DTHZB MPTDB YOCHETLMBKDB PLBBSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULIN VPTGBN KHNEMKHA Y CHEMYLPDHYOKHA RPNPESH . “zhTBOGKHULBS FPTZPCHBS RBMBFB” RPUTEDDOYUBEF CH FPCHBTPPVNEOE NETSDH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYEK Y FETTYFPTYSNY, RTYUPEDYOYCHYNYUS L “uchPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY”. “rTYENOSCHK GEOFT “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” VETEF PAR UCHPE RPREYOOYE CHUEI RTYVSHCHBAEYI U TPDYOSCH. “ZhTBOGKHULYK ZPURYFBMSH” MEYUYF NOPZYI OBUYI TBOEOSCHI. xYUBUFCHHS CH DESFEMSHOPUFY CHUEI LFYI PTZBOYBGYK, S UFTENMAUSH KHLTERYFSH CH BOZMYY, LBL Y RPCHUADH, OBUKH OBGYPOBMSHOHA UPMYDBTOPUFSH.

“buUPGYBGYS ZHTBOGKHPCH CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOYY” PLBSHCHCHBEF NOE BLFYCHOHA RPNPESH. ynEOOP POB PTZBOYKHEF OUEULPMSHLP NBUUPCHSCHI NYFYOZPCH U KHYUBUFYEN ZTBTSSDBOULZP OBUEMEOYS Y CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI. fY NYFYOZY DBAF CHPNPTSOPUFSH: NOE CHUFTEFYFSHUS U ZHTBOGKHBNY, RTYUHFUFCHHAEIN CHSHCHULBBFSH UCHPY KHVETSDEOYS, B NEFTPRPMYY -KHUMSHCHYBFSH RP TBDYP PHPESHMEFFCH RP TBDYP PHPEYFMEFFCH . xCE 1 NBTFB 1941 H LYOZUKHK-IPMME RETED NOPZPFSHUSYuOPK BHDYFPTYEK AR PREDEMYM OBUH ЪBDБУХ й ФЧЭТПЧШЧТБЪМ VISPĀRĒJĀ OBDETSCH. 15 OPSVTS CH PVIYTOPN ЪBME bMSHVETF-IPMMB, DP PFLBЪB ЪBRPMOEOOPN UPVTTBCHYNYUS, S FPTCEUFHEOOP RTPCHPZMBUYM FTY PUOPCHOSHI RPMPTSEOYS OBYEK RPMYFYLY.

“uNSCHUM RECHPZP RPMPTSEOYS, ULBJBM S, UPUFPYF CH FPN, YUFPVSH CHPECHBFSH, FP EUFSH RTYDBFSH CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYYK TBNBI Y CHPNPTsOP VPMSHYE NPEY KHYПОМХППЧКЛХПBOG ЛФЭ... оП ьФИ ХУМИС NSCH RTEDRTYOINBEN FPMSHLP RP ЪПЧХ ЖТBOГYYY CHE YOFETEUBI.” ъBFEN, TEYYFEMSHOP PUKhTsDBS LBL DPCHPEOOOSCHK TETSYN, FBL Y TETSYN chYYY, S ЪBSCHYM: “nSh UYFBEN OEPVIPDYNSCHN, YUFPVSH NPZHYUBS Y RPMYOBSHOBSHOMBY GEPMYOBSHOBSY CHYYY TYYUYOSCH LBFBUFTPZHSC CHNEUFE UP CHUEK OBDUFTPKLPK, CHPOYLYEK OBD LBRYFHMSGYEK. rP'FPNH CHFPTPPE RPMPTSEOYE OBYEK RPMYFYLY FTEVHEF RTEDPUFBCHYFSH UMChP OBTPDH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVShchFYS RPJCHPMSF ENKH UCHPVPDOP CHSHCHULBBFSH, YuEZP ON IPUEF IPUE FEE YuEZP." OBLPOEG, CH FTEFSHEN RPMPTSEOYY AR OBNEYUBM PUOPCHSHCH, PAR LPFPTSCHI, RP OBYENKH NOEOYA, DPMTSOSCH UFTPIFSHUS PVOPCHMEOOOSHE YOUFYFHFSCH ZhTBOGYY. “fY PUOPCHSHCH, ZPCHPTYM S, PRTEDEMSAFUS FTENS DECHYBNY UCHPVPDOSCHI ZHTBOGHPCH. NSH ZPCHPTYN: "YUEUFSH Y TPDYOB", YNES CH CHYDH, YuFP OBGYS NPTSEF CHPTPDYFSHUS FPMSHLP CH TEKHMSHFBFE RPVEDSCH, YuFP POB NPTsEF UKHEEUFChPChBFSH FPMSHLP LBL CHEMILBS OBGYS. NSH ZPCHPTYN: “uChPVPDB, TBCHEOUFCHP Y vTBFUFChP”, RPFPNKH YuFP NSCH IPFYN PUFBFSHUS CHETOSCHNY DENPLTBFYUEULYN RTYOGYRBN. NSCH ZPCHPTYN "PUCHPVPTSDEOYE", YVP EUMY OBY HUYMYS OE PUMBVOKHF DP RPvedsch OBD CHTBZPN, YI OBCHETYOEYEN DPMTSOP SCHYFSHUS UP'DBOYE DMS LBTSDPZP ZHTBOGKHB CFPSHVPHLLCH, HUMPYPPYCHVHDLLCH YFSHUS pārstrādes rūpnīca, UPITBOSSS YUKHCHUFChP UPVUFCHOOOPZP DPUFPYOUFCHB.

fPZDB RTYUHFUFCHHAEYE, PICHBUEOOSCH ZMHVPLYN CHPMOOYEN, VHTOP CHSTBTSBAF UCHPY YUKHCHUFCHB BOFKHYBBNB, Y CHTSCHCH BOFKHYBBNB TBOPUYFUS DBMELP ЪB RTED EMSH bMMMBHVE.

fBLYE UPVTBOYS VSHCHBAF TEDLP. rTPYYCHPDS YOURELFPTULYE UNPFTSCH, S YBUFP RPUEEBA OBUYI DPVTPCPMSHGECH. OBOY UYMSCH, OBENOSCH, NPTULYE Y CHP'DKHYOSCH, IPFS Y PUEOSH OEVPMSHYYE Y TBUUESOOSCH, UPUFBCHMEOOOSCH OBNY Y TBTPYOOOSCHY YUBUFEK Y RPDTBDEMEOYK, RTEDUFBCHMSAF UPVEDMEJOKS, RTEDUFBCHMSAF UPVEDMEJSHJ DOEN. PTZBOYBGYPOOSCHK RMBO, LPFPTSCHK S DBM CHPEOOPNH, CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH Y CHPEOOP-CHPDHYOPNH LPNYUUBTBN PAR 1942. GADAM, FPYuOP CHSHRPMOSEFUS. ar KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN RTY RPUEEEEY YUBUFEK, DYUMPGYTPCHBOOSCHI CH BOZMYY, LPZDB UPMDBFSCH, CHYDS CHVMYY FPZP, LPZP POY OBSCHBAF “vPMSHYPK yBTMSH”, UCHPYPK yBTMSH, UCHPYTPCHBOOSCHI CHRPDE SF HYUEVKH, CHSTBTSBAF ENKH UCPA YULTEOOAA RTYCHSBOOPUFSH.

y CHUEK OBYEK OEVPMSHYPK BTNYY, LPFPTBS UTBTSBEFUS H bZhTYLE Y PAR CHPUFPLE, PAR BOZMYKULPK YENME OBIPDSFUS FPMSHLP HYUEVOSCHE GEOFTSHCH. OP CH OYI PVKHYUBEFUS VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH OBUYI LBDTPCH. h MBZETE LENVETMY RPMLPCHOIL TEOKHBT RTEDUFBCHMSEF NOE VBFBMSHPO EZETEK, BTFYMMETYKULYK DYCHYIPO, FBOLPCHSHCHK ULBDTPO, PFTSD YOTSEETOSCHI CHPKUL RPDSHTBDEMEOYE UCHTSHTERBASHTBDEMEOYE UCHTSHTERBASHTBDEMEOYE PPCH Y UREGYBMYUFPCH. izmantojot RTYVSCCHYYNY Y ZHTBOGYY PE CHTENS CHTBTSEULPZP OBEUFCHYS. PTHTSYE, VPERTYRBUSHCH, NBYOSCH YURPMSHKHAFUS DMS PUOBEEOOYS OPCHSHHI ZHTNYTPCHBOYK OBTSDKH U FEIOILPK, RPUFBCHMSENPK BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U BOZMYUBOBNY CH UPPFCHEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEFUFCHYY U UPZMBYEFUFCHYYEN-9GBYBHODNY PF7B YURPMSHKHAFUS H. RETEZPCHPTBNY Y RTBLFYUEULYN CHSHRPMOEEOYEN LFPC CHBTsOPK ЪBDБУИ ЪBOYNBEFUS UMKHTSVB CHPPTHTSEOYS RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN RPMLPCHOILB nPTEOB. PE CHTENS BCHYBGYPOOPK LBFBUFTPZHSH RTY YURPMOOY UMKHTSEVOSCHI PVSBOOPUFEK LFPF RTELTBUOSCHK PZHYGET ZYVOEF, Y EZP RPUF ЪBOYNBEF NBKPT ZYTY. h UBNPN mPODPOE S YOPZDB OBCHEEBA TPPH ZHTBOGKHULYI TSEEOEYO-DPVTPCHPMSHGECH, CHPZMBCHMSENHA NBDNHBEMSH FETTE, B ЪBFEN ZPURPTsPK nBFSHE, ZDE DPUFPKOSHCHKOKB DPUFPKOSHCHOKB DRPECHPUFFOOSCHBUFT CHPDYFEMEK, UBOYFBTPL, UELTEFBTEC. chTENS PF CHTENEY S OBETSBA CH nPMCHETO, B ЪBFEN CH tiVTUZHPTD L “LBDEFBN UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY”. h 1940 S UPЪDBM ьФХ YЛПМХ, RTEDOBOBYUEOOKHA DMS UFKhDEOFPCH Y HYUBEYIUS, RETEEIBCHYI CH BOZMYA. chULPTE NSCH RTECHTBFYMY EE CH PZHYGETULHA YLPMH, LPFPTPK LPNBODHEF NBKPT vPDKHO. rSFSH EE CHSHCHRHULPC DBMY 211 LPNBODYTPCH CHJCHPDPCH, YЪ OYI 52 RBMY CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. oYUPP OE PVPDTSEF FBL ZMBCHH UCHPVPDOSHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH, LBL LPOFBLF U LFK NPMPDETSHA, OBDETSDPK PAR CHPTPTSDEOOYE RPNETLYYEK UMBCSHCH ZhTBOGYY.

h FP CHTENS LBL RPDTBDEMEOYS OBENOSHI CHPKUL, OBIPDSEYEUS CH CHEMILPVTYFBOYY, RTPIPDSF PVHYUEOYE, YUFPVSH UBFEN UTBTSBFSHUS PAR TBMYUOSHI ZHTPOFBI, IEGĀDĀJIES CHPEOOP FUKUSYMB SHOP SCHEJ LYI RBTFBI, KHUBUFCHHAF CH VYFCHE PAR LPNNHOILBGYSI CH BFMBOFYLE, MB-nBOYE, PAR UECHETOPN NPTE , H bTLFYLE. dms bfpzp nshch dpmtsosch rpmshjpchbfshus VBBBNY UPAЪOILPC. h UBNPN DEME, X OBU OEF OEPVIPDYNSHI NBFETYBMPCH DMS TENPOFB, UPDETSBOYS Y UOBVTSEOYS OBUYI UHDHR. FEN VPMEE NSCHOE NPTSEN UOBVDYFSH YI OPCHSHCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY: rchp, ZYDTPMPLBFPTBNY, TBDBTBNY Y DT., RTYNEOOYS LPFPTSCHI FTEVHEF TBCHYFYE CHPEOOOPK FEIOIL. oBLPOEG, PAR PVIYTOPN FEBFTE CHPEOOP-NPTULYI PRETBGYK, GEOFTPN LPFPTSCHI SCHMSEFUS BOZMYS, OEPVIPDYNP FEIOYUUEULPE Y FBLFYUEULPE EDYOUFCHP HUIMYK.

ChPF RPYUENH, IPFS UKhDB, ​​​​LPFPTSCHE NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN, OBIPDSFUS CH RPMOPN OBYEN TBURPTSSEOYY, OEBCHYUYNP PF YI RTPYUIPTSDEOOYS, IPFS POY CHUE RMBCHBAF RPD FTEIGCHFODYNBOSCHN YPHZHLPDZPPOSCHN YH SHLP ZHTBOGKHJULYN KHUFBCHBN, IPFS POY CHSHCHRPMOSAF RTYLBYSH FPMSHLP UCHPYI OBUMSHOYLPCH, LPTPUYE ZPCHPTS, IPFS PAR ZHMF PUFBEFUS YUUFP OBGYPOBMSHOSCHN, CHUE TSE, ЪB TEDLINE YULMAYUEOYEN, LPZDB NSCH YURPMSHJKHEN EZP OERPUTEDUFHEOOP, RTOINBEF KHUBUPDKUCHFYE, PVTBCHHIPECYFYE, PVTBCHHIPECYFFN NSHI BOZMYUBOBNY. chRTPYUEN, LFP YDEF ENKH PAR RPMSHЪKH, FBL LBL PO CHLMAYUBEFUS CH UYUFENKH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOKHA RP VPEURPUPVOPUFY, DYUGYRMYOE, BLFYCHOPUFY. UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSCH BOZMYUBOE, PGEOYCHBS RP DPUFPYOUFCHH OBYKH RPNPESH, PLBYSCCHBAF ZHTBOGKHULIN CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN YTPLHA NBFETYBMSHOKSHOKHA RPDDETTSLHA NBFETYBMSHOKSHOKFUPCH, YIUMBHTVPSHFPSHM, YIUMBHTVPSHPSHM RTYCHPDYFSH CH RPTSDPL Y UOBVTSBFSH OBIY UKHDB, OEUNPFTS PAR TBMYYUYE FYRPCH Y CHPPTHTSEOYS. OPCHSCHE NBFETYBMSHCH, LPFPTSCHE RTYNEOSEF BOZMYKULYK ZHMPF, OENEDMEOOOP RPUFBCHMSAFUS Y OBYENKH ZHMPFKH. OPCCHE UKHDB: LPTCHEFSHCH Y LBFETB, RPTSE ZHTEZBFSHCH, UNYOGSHCH, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY -RETEDBAFUS OBN RTSNP U CHETZHEK. eUMY OYEVPMSHYPK ZHMPF UNPZ UCHPA TPMSH Y RPDDETTSBFSH YuEUFSH ZHTBOGKHULPZP PTHTSYS PAR NPTSI, LFYN ON PVSBO LBL RPNPEY UPAJOILCH, FBL Y BUMHZBN OBUYI NP TSLPCH.

s KHVETSDBAUSH CH LFPN LBTSDSCHK TB, LPZDB OBCHEEBA RPDTBDEMEOYS ZHMPFB CH ZTYOPLE, rPTFUNKHFE, lBKHUE, dBTFNHFE. hYUYFSHCHBS IBTBLFET VPTSHVSH, B FBLCE OEVPMSHYKHA YUYUMEOOPUFSH OBUYI NPTSLPC, NSCH CHPPTHTSBEN FPMSHLP NBMSHCHE UHDB. oP FY LPTBVMY "UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" U YUEUFSHA DEMBAF CHUE, YFP CH YI UIMBI.

rTETSDE CHUEZP NSCH CHPPTHTSYMY, LPOYUOP, UKHDB, LPFPTSHCHE RTYVSHCHMY YJ ZhTBOGYY. l CHUOE 1942 YI OBYI RFY RETCHCHI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL PUFBAFUS “TAVI”, “NYOETCH”, “TSAOPO”, LPFPTSCHE CH OPTCHETSULYI, DBFULYI Y ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPDBI BFBLHAF CHPDCHPDOSCHI, BFBLHAF CHTBUBBŠBTBTSVEULY OFSHCH; "OBCCHBM" YUYUEY KH nBMSHFSCH CH DELBVTE 1940; "uATLHZ" VSHM RPFPRMEO CH ZHECHTBME 1942. lPOFTNYOPOPUGSH "fTYPNZHBO", "MEPOBT", NYOPOPUGSH "NEMSHRPNEO" Y "VHLMSHE" CH FEYOOYE OEULPMSHLYI NEULPMSHLYI NEUSGETBUSHPHUBCHEBBOYBBOCHBBOJ MB-nBOYE. ъBFEN "fTYPNZHBO" VSHM PFRTBCHMEO PAR fYIYK PLEBO, "mePRBT" RTYVSHHM CH ATSOKHA bZHTYLKH; RPTSE ON PUHEEUFCHMSM UCHSSH U PUFTPPCHPN TEAOSHPO Y OBLPOEG RPFETREM LPTBVMELTHYE OYE VMY fPVTHLB. "NEMSHRPNEO" RETEYEM CH UECHETOPE NPTE. “vHLMSHE” RTECHTBFYMUS CH PDYO YI OBIYI HYUEVOSCHI LPTBVMEK. yЪ OBUYI RSFY RPUSHMSHOSHCHI UHDHR FTY, “UBCHPTOSHSO DE VTBJB”, “lPNNBODBO dAVPL”, “lPNNBODBO dPNYOE”, LHTUYTHAF X VETEZPCH bZhTYLY; "nPLE" RPNPZBEF PITBOSFSH LPNNHOILBGYY CH YTMBODULPN NPTE; “YECHTEK” RBFTKHMYTHEF CH PLEBOYY, CH TBKPOE OHNEB, Y RTYUPEDYOSEF 27 NBS 1942 L “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” PUFTPPCHB xPMMYU Y ZHAFAOB. dChB FTBMSHAILB, "lPOZT" Y "MAUSHEO-tsBO", CHSHRPMOSAF UCHPY FTHDOSH PVSBOOPUFY PAR RPDUFHRBI L BOZMYKULIN RPTFBN. DEUSFSH NPTULYI PIPFOYLPCH RTYOSMY HYUBUFYE CH RTYLTSHCHFYY UPAYUYUEULYI FTBOURPTFPCH NETSDH lPTOHMMPN Y rB-DE-LBME. FERETSH YI FPMSHLP CHPUENSH, FBL LBL DCHB YI OYI VSHMY RPFPRMEOSCH. VSHMY CHCHEDEOSH CH UFTPK YEUFSH RBFTHMSHOSHI UKHDPCH: "rKHMSHNYL", ЪBFPOHCHYIK X rMYNKhFB CH OPSVTE 1940, "CHYLYOZ", RPZYVYK CH PFLTSCHFPN NPTE X "CH TEYDBO PODAU”, “tHO DE ZhMP”, RTDDPMTsBAEIK VPTPЪDYFSH NPTS, "MEPOYMSH", YURPMSHЪHAEIKUS CH LBUEUFCHE RMBCHHYUEK VBSH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB. CHURPNPZBFEMSHOSHCHK LTEKUET "LBR DE RBMSHN" LHTUITHEF NETSDH UYDOEEN Y OKHNEB. YuEFSHTE RMBCHHYUYE VBSHCH, "khTBZBO", "bNSHEO", "bTTBU" Y "DYMICBOF", LPNRMELFHAF "NPTULKHA YUBUFSH" RPTFB zTYOPL Y VBH LYRBTSEK "vYT-iBLEKN" rPTFUSDENFUNKHFB, ZBAFUSDENFUNKHFB uFBTSHCHK VTPOEOPUEG "lHTV" CHSHRPMOSEF TPMSH HYUEVOPZP GEOFTB DMS TELTHFPCH, NBUFETULYI, ULMBDB VPERTYRBUPCH Y RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHYS. oBIPDSUSH PAR SLPTE PAR rPTFUNKHFULPN TEKDE, BY RPDDETSYCHBEF UCHPEK BTFYMMETYEK PVPTPOH bFPZP LTHROPZP RPTFS.

h UPUFBCH OBEZP OEVPMSHYPZP ZHMPFB CHIPDSF FBLCE LPTBVMY, RPMKHYUEOOOSCH X BOZMYUBO. bFP RTETSDE CHUEZP LPTCHEFSHCH, RPUFTPEOOOSCH RPUME OYUBMB CHPKOSH DMS RTYLTSCHFYS LBTBCHBOPCH. fY LPTCHEFSH VEURTETSHCHOP PITBOSAF LPNNHOILBGYY NETSDH BOZMYEK, YUMBODYEK, OSHABHODMEODPN Y lBOBDPC. OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH DECHSFSH LPTCHEFPCH: "bMYUE", RPZYYYK CH VPA CH NBTFE 1942, "NYNPJB", ЪBFPOHCHYYK URKHUFS FTY NEUSGB CHNEUFE U OBIPDICHYYNUS PAR EZP MPTCHOPCHYYYK Y LBRYFBOPN 2-ZP TBZB VYTP, “bLPOIF”, “mPVEMYS” , “tPYEMYU”, “TEOPOLAMSH” “lPNNBODBO D”fSHEO D”pTCh”, “lPNNBODBO dTPZH”, “lPNNBODBO deFTHBKB”. l YUYUMH RPMHYUEOOOSCHI OBNY UKHDPCH FBLCE PFOPUSFUS CHPUENSH FPTREDOSCHI LBFETPCH 28-K ZHMPFYMYY, VPTPJDSSCHEYE PAR VPMSHYPK ULPTPUFY MB-LVRTSHNBOY Y BFBLHAEYE Y BFBLHAEYE FRTSHPUTFTB PVYTBAFUS OPIUSHA CHDPMSH RPVETETSSHS ZhTBOGYY. lTPNE FPZP, OBN VSHMY RETEDBOSH CHPUENSH NPFPTOSHHI LBFETPCH, PVTBKHAEYI 20-A ZHMPFYMYA, LPFPTBBS DEKUFCHHEF CH MB-nBOYE UPCHNEUFOP U OBYNYY PIPFOUKFTHLULGY YHTBOGOUKKHULGY YHTBOGOUUKFTHLULGY. chRTPYUEN, NSCH ZPFPCHYNUS L CHPPTHTSEOYA UPCHETYEOOOOP OPCHSCHI UHDHR. NOPZIE Y ZHTEZBFPCH, LPFPTSCHE OBYUYOBAF CHSHCHIPDYFSH YY BOZMYKULYI BTUEOBMPCH, UTBH TSE RPUME URKHULB PAR CHPDH RTEDPUFBCHMSAFUS CH OBUYE TBURPTSCEOYE UPAJOILBNY. NSHCH CHSMY YUEFSHTE YI OYI: “delkhchetf”, “bChBOFAT”, “uATRTY”, “lTHB DE mPTIO”. ъB OBNY PUFBCHMEOSCH FBLCE NYOPOPUEG “lPNVBFBO”, RPDCHPDOSHE MPDLY “LATY” Y “dPTYU”, UFTPIFEMSHUFCHP LPFPTSCHI ЪBLBOYUYCHBEFUS. OBN IPFEMPUSH VSH RTYPVTEUFY Y DTHZYE LPTBVMY, LPFPTSHCHE HCHEMYYUMY VSC YUYUMP RPFPRMEOOOSHI OBNY CHTBTSEULYI RPDCHPDOSHI MPDPL, FTBOURPTFPCH, UFPPTTSCHSHHI UHDNPMEPHYE LPTBVMY UHDNOBCH YUYUMYUMYUMY. OP OBYB TPMSH Y TBENBI DEKUFCHYK PZTBOYUYCHBAFUS OE OEDPUFBFLPN UHDHR, B OEICHBFLPK MYYUOPZP UPUFBCHB.

hCE L YAOA 1942 700 NPTSLPC “UChPPVDOPK ZhTBOGYY” RPZYVMY ЪB TPDYOH. OBOY CHPEOOP-NPTULYE UYMSCH OBUYFSHCHBAF 3600 YUEMPCHEL RMBCHUPUFBCHB. l OIN CE OHTsOP PFOEUFY VBFBMSHPO UFTEMLPCH RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN bNYP D'OCHYMS, LPFPTSCHK OBNEOM DEFTKHBKB, RPZYVYEZP PAR RPME VTBOY OP-NPPFNPTULYI MEFUPFNPTFBSCH, LPFEPSOPTPFFYULPCH, LPFEPTSHPFTNBCH. DEMSHOKHA YUBUFSH, UMHTSBF CH OBLPOEG, UADB CE, PFOPUSFUS DEUBOFOP-DYGETENPOOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS, LPFPTSCHE PVHYUBAFUS CH CHEMYLPVTYFBOY RPD LPNBODPCBOYEN LBRYFBO-MEKFEOBOFB LYZHZHETB h NBE NEUSGE S RTYYYE L UPZMBYEOYA U BOZMY {183} , PFCHEFUFCHEOOSCHN ЪB RTPchedeoye "LPNVYOTPCHBOOSHI PRETBGYK", PV KHUMPCHYSI YURPMSHЪPCHBOYS LFYI TCHHEYIUS CH VPK CHPKUL. CHULPTE SING RTYOSMY KHYUBUFYE CH UNEMSHI OBMEFBI PAR ZHTBOGKHULPE RPVETETSHE.

oby MYUOSCHK UPUFBCH LPNRmelFPCHBMUS OBRPMPCHYOH YJ NPTSLPC, OBIPDICHYIUS CH 1940 ZPDH CH BOZMYY. h zBVPOE, PAR VMYTSOEN chPUFPLE OELPFPTSHCHE RTYUPEDYOMYUSH L OBN RPUME FPZP, LBL UTBTSBMYUSH RTPPHYCH OBU. fBL VSHMP U LLRBTsBNY RPDChPDOPK MPDL "bSLU", ЪBФPOХCHYEK Х dBLBTБ, RPDCHPDOPK MPDL "рПУЭМе", ЪББФРМЭООПОННППОПУУБ ПН Х rПТФ-ЦBOФИМС, РПУШМШОПЗП УХДОБ "ВХЗОЧИМ" Ш", LPFPTPPE NSCHCHCHOCHTSDEOSCH UZVĒRTĪBAS UZDEVĒJS VŠJFCHY. chTENS PF CHTENEY L OBN RTYUPEDYOSAFUS PFDEMSHOSH LBDTTPCHSHCHE NPTSLY, RTYVSHCHCHBAEYE YJ ZhTBOGYY, UECHETOPK bZHTYLYY, bMELUBODTYY, U BOFYMSHULYI PUFTPPCHCH, U dBMSPUFTPPCHEZP. h CHPEOOP-NPTULPC ZHMPF OBVYTBEFUS NBLUINBMSHOPE LPMYUUEUFCHP NMPDSCHI ZHTBOGKHIPCH YYUYUMB OBIPDSEYIUS H BOZMYY, bNETYLE, MECHBOFE, EZYRFE, PAR PUFTPCHE UEO-rSHET. oBLPOEG, FPTZPCHSHCHE LPTBVMY RTEDPUFBCHMSAF CHPEOOP-NPTULINE UYMBN VPMSHYKHA YUBUFSH UCHPEZP RETUPOBMB. UBNPC FSTSEMPK ЪBDBUEK DMS CHPEOOP-NPTULPZP LPNYUUBTYBFB SCHMSEFUS RPRPMOEOEYE LPTBVMEK LPNBODOSHCHN UPUFBCHPN. EZP RTYIPDYFUS LPNRMELFPPCHBFSH YI UBNSHCHI TBMYUOSCHI, ЪBUBUFHA OERPDZPFPCHMEOOOSCHI MADEK, OE UYYFBSUSH U YI UREGYBMSHOPUFSHA. x OBU NBMP LBDTPCHSHCHI PZHYGETPCH. NSHCH PURPMOSEN YI OEDPUFBUKH ЪB UUEF PVHYUEOYS NPMPDETSY. "rPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN LBRYFBOPC 2-ZP TBZB ChYFYEMS Y ZEKTBMS, RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBCHYI "YLPMSHOSHCHN PFDEMPN", NPTULBS YLPMB. LBRYFBOGYPDFCHOUT DBO FEPDPT FYUSHE" Y YIKHO "fHBMSH" Y "VEMSH rKHMSH". ъB YUEFSHTE CHSHCHRKHULB POB DBMB 80 LBODYDBFPCH PAR PZHYGETULYK YUYO. CHUE UCHPY URPUPVOPUFY PFDBMY ZHTBOGKHULPNH CHPEOOP-NPTULPNH ZHMPFKH LFY MADI, ЪBLBMEOOSCH U UBNPZP OBYUBMB ZPTEUFSHA, VYFCHBNY Y OBDETSDBNY. U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NSCH YYTPLP YURPMSHKHEN CH OBUYI CHPEOOP-NPTULYI UYMBI LBDTSH PZHYGETPCH EBRBUB, LPFPTSCHI VETEN U FPTZPCHSHI LPTBVMEK Y YY UTEDSH RETUPOBMB UHGLOBMBZP. dCHEUFY LBODYDBFPCH, OBVTBOOSHI FBLYN PVTBBPN, RTPUFPSF PAR CHBIFE PAR VPTFCH ZhTEZBFPCH, LPTCHEFPC, LBFETPCH Y FTBMSHEYLPCH CH PVEEK UMPTSOPUFY VPMEE NYMMYPOB YUBUPCH.

oEUNPFTS PAR LFY UPLTBEEOYS CH MYUOPN UPUFBCHE, YUBUFSH ZHTBOGKH'ULPZP FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB, OBIPDSEBSUS CH MBZETE UPAYOLPCH, PLBSCCHBEF YN OBYUYNPFEMSHHOHA. йЪ 660 RBUUBTSYTULYI FPZPCHSHCHI CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 2700 FSCHUSYU FPOO, LPFPTSHCHE RTYOBDMETSBMY ZHTBOGYY CH OBYUBME CHPKOSHCH, 170 LPPUBTVMEK CHPDPYNEFUNEE0YEN CHPRTTBVMEK CHPRTTBVCHYRPHY BFSH CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI RPUME ЪBLMAYUEOYS "RETENYTYS". ObyB UMKHTSVB FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB RPD THLPCHPDUFCHPN nBMZMCHB Y VEOTsBOB, B RPJDOEE UNEKETUB Y BODAU-ZhBTYYB LPNRMELFHEF ZHTBOGKHULYY LYRBTSHDBNY UPMSHYPE YRBTSHDHRU VPMSHYPE Y. lTPNE FPZP, LFB UMKHTSVB KHYBUFCHHEF H HRTBCHMEOYY OBYNYY UKHDBNY, OBIPDSEYNYUS H BOZMYUBO; CH LFPN UMKHYUBE TSDPN U BOZMYKULIN ZPUKHDBTUFCHEOOSCHN ZHMBZPN PAR LPTNE YMY PAR NBYUF LPTBVMEK-YZOBOOYLPCH TBCHECHBEFUS FTEIGCHEFOSCHK ZHMBZ. ъB LFPF RETYPD OBNY VSHMY PUOBEEOP 67 FPTZPCHSHCHI UHDHR CHPDPYNEEEOYEN CH 200 FSCHUSYU FPOO. dCHBDGBFSH YЪ OYI NSCH RPFETSMY. l CHUOE 1942 YЪ PVEEZP YUYUMB 580 PZHYGETPCH Y 4300 NBFTPUPCH FPTZPCHPZP ZHMPFB VPMEE YUEFCHETFY RPZYVMP PAR NPTE.

rBUUBTSYTULYE UKHDB BOINBAFUS RETECHPLPK CHPKUL. fBL, “YMSH DE ZhTBOU”, “ZHEMYLU TKHUUEMSH”, “rTEYDBO rPMSH DHNET” DPUFBCHMSAF PAR CHPUFPL VTYFBOULYE RPDLTERMEOYS YY BCHUFTBMYYYYODYY. fTBOURPTFOSHCHE UKHDB, RETECHPЪSEYE USCHTSHE, PTHTSIE, VPERTYRBUSCH, RMBCHBAF PVSHYUOP CH UPUFBCHE LBTBCHBOPCH. yOPZDB OELPFPTSHN YI OYI RTYIPDIFUS RETEUELBFSH PLEBO CH PJOPYULH. fY UKhDB OYLPZDB OE ЪBDETTSYCHBAFUS DPMZP CH RPTFH, ZDE YUBUFP RPDCHETZBAFUS VPNVBTDYTPCHLBN. h PFLTSCHFPN NPTE UMHTSVB HFPNYFEMSHOB Y PRBUOB. rTYIPDYFUS VSCHFSH OBYUELKH DOEN Y OPYUSHA, UFTPZP UPVMADBFSH YOUFTHLGYY, RPUFPSOOP ЪBOINBFSH UCHPY RPUFSH RP VPECHPK FTECHPZE. YuBUFP RTYIPDYFUS HYUBUFCHPCHBFSH H VPSI, UFTEMSFSH YPTHDYK, NMOYEOPUOP NBOECHTYTPCHBFSH, YuFPVSH YVETSBFSH FPTREDSH YMY VPNVSH. uMHYUBEFUS, YuFP UKHDOP RPZTHTSBEFUS Ch CHPDKH Y FSH PLBSCHCHBEYSHUS CH IMPPDOPK, RPLTSCHFPK NBUMSOSHNY RSFOBNY CHPDE, B TSDPN FPOKHF FPCBTYEY. UMHYUBEFUS FBLCE, YuFP FSH YURSHCHFSHCHBEYSH PZTPNOKHA TBDPUFSH, RTYUHFUFCHHS RTY RBDEOY CHTBTSEULPZP VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLB YMY OBVMADBS RSFOP NBHFB RTYOBL FPOH EEK RPDCHOPKB MPDDCHPDTB. yOPZDB FSCH UBN VSHCHBEYSH LFPNH RTYUYOPK, LBL LFP VSHMP U RTPUFSHCHN ZTHJPCHSHCHN UKHDOPN "zhPTF-VEOCE", LPFPTPPE CH NBE 1942 H PFLTSCHFPN OPPHENGLPDOHPNH NPTE KHOSHAZDBHBKHOMPEORPH.

pDOBTDSCH H MYCHETRKHME BDNYTBM UT RETUY OPVMSH, LPNBODHAYK RETEDCHYTSEOYSNYY VPECHSHNY DEKUFCHYSNY LPTBVMEK PAR CHUEN BFMBOFYUEULPN FEBFTE CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCH TBOSCH, RTYNEZMHOTBOSCH PMPTSEOOSCHK CH VEFPOYTPCHBOOPN RPDYENOPN KHVETSIEEE. PAR VPMSHYI NPTULYI LBTFBI, TBCHEYOOOSCHI RP UFEOBN, PVPOBYUBMPUSH RPUFPSOOP NEOSAEEEUS TBURMPMPTSEOYE CHUEI LBTBCHBOPC UPAYOILCH, CHUEI CHPEOOSCHI LPTFTBVMEC, FCHPEOOSCHI LPHC VPHSBUY, CHUEI, BNPSHMEFCVPCHEY, CHUEI BLCE KHUFBOPCHMEOOOSCH YMY RTEDRPMBZBENSHE RPIYGYY ZETNBOULYI RPDCHPDOSCHI MPDPL, UBNPMEFPCH, TEKDETPC. GEOFTBMSHOBS FEMEZHPOOBS UFBOGYS, UCHSBOOBS U CHOEYOINY MYOSNY, U TBDIPUFBOGYSNY, YYZhTPCHBMSHOSCHNY VATP Y PVUMKHTSYCHBENBS OECHPYNHFYNSCHN TSEOULIN RETUPOBUUFLUTBNYMS, UCHPOUFLUBZMBNYMS RPYUFY VEUYKHNOP RETEDBEF RTYLBYSHCH, RPTHYUEOYS, UPPVEEOYS LPNBODPCHBOYS DBMELYN NPTULINE BDTEUBFBN Y RP RPM HUEOYS PFCHEFSH RPUMEDOYI. CHUE ZHYLUYTHEFUS PAR UCHEFSEYIUS FBWMYGBI. fBLYN PVTBBPN, CHEMYUBKYBS VYFCHB PAR LPNNHOILBGYSI RTEDUFBEF PE CHUEI UCHPYI RETYREFYSI.

TBUUNPFTECH CHUE CH GEMPN, AR RETECHPTSKH CHZMSD PAR LBTFSHCH, ŠEIT PVPOBYUEOSCH KOPĒJĀ. ar CHYTSKH YI CH RPDPVBAEYI NEUFBI, FP EUFSH FBN, ZDE POY OBYVPMEE CHUEZP DPUFPKOSH OZTBDSHCH. yN RP LZHYTH RETEDBEFUS RTYCHEFUFCHYE ZMBCHSHCH "UChPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY". OP ЪBFEN, PUПЪOBCHBS, LBL YUYUMEOOP OECHEMILY POY RP UTBCHOYA U YOPUFTBOOSCHNY UYMBNY, CH LPFPTSHCHE POY CHIDDSF, CHURPNYOBS, YuFP FBN, CH FHMPOE, lBUBTYBOVEBOY, BDTYB VEBOD. DEKUFCHHAF ZHTBOGKHULYE LPTBVMY, RPOINBS, LBLHA YUFPTYYUEULHA CHPNPTsOPUFSH RTEDPUFBCHMSEF LFB CHPKOB NPTULPNH RTYYCHBOYA ZhTBOGYY, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, LBL NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF ZTKHUFSH, Y S RPLYDBA RPDENOPE KHVETSIEE U FSCEMSCHN UETDGEN.

BOBMPZYUOPE YUKHCHUFCHP RTYNEYYCHBEFUS L NPEK ZPTDPUFY, LPZDB S CHUFTEYUBAUSH U OBYNY MEFUYILBNY PAR FPK YMY YOPK BOZMYKULPK VBJE. ChYDS CHUE YI DPUFPYOUFCHB Y, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, DKHNBS P CHUEN FPN, YuFP NPZMB VSH UDEMBFS ZHTBOGKHULBS BCHYBGYS U VB CH OBEK UECHETOPK bZHTYLE, PAR VMYTSOMY SHPPN YPUMY DB chPUMPS TBTSBFSHUS, S YUKHCHUFCHHA, YuFP CHEMILPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE VPZBFUFChP TBUIPDHEFUS RP-RHUFPNKH. OP LFP ЪBUFBCHMSEF NEOS EEE VPMSHYE FTHDYFSHUS OBD FEN, YUFPVSH HUYMYS FAIRIES, LFP UNPZ RTYUPEDYOYFSHUS LP NOE, VSHMY ЪBOUEOSCH PAR UUEF ZhTBOGYY. eUMY S RP CHRPMOE RPOSFOSHN RTYUYOBN PFDBM TBURPTTSEOYE, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFYUILY, MEFBAEYE U BOZMYKULYI VB PAR BOZMYKULYI UBNPMEFBI, CHIPDAYMY CH UYUFENKH FYUFENKH POZMYKULYF BOZMYKBGYFGYFÜKLYF FPNKH, YUFPVSC OBUY MEFUILY RTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK EDYOPE OBGYPOBMSHOPE GEMPE. lFP VShchMP OEMEZLP UDEMBFS. uOBYUBMB OBUY UPA'OILY UPCHETYOOOP OE ЪBVPFYMYUSH PV BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY." yUIPDS YЪ RTBLFYUEULYI UPPVTBTTSEOYK Y OEDPUFBFLB READING, POY RTYOINBMY CH UCHPY YUBUFY OELPPTTSCHI OBUYI RYMPFPCH. OP EDYOUFHEOOP, YuFP POY NPZMY OBN RTEDMPTSYFSH, LFP CHLMAYUYFSH OBUYI DPVTPCPMSHGECH CH lPTPMECHULYE CHPDKHYOSCHE UYMSCH. ar OE pārstrādes rūpnīcu U LFYN UPZMBUIFSHUS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPMPTSEOYE OBYI MEFUYLPCH PUFBCHBMPUSH RPYUFY CH FEYOOYE ZPDB OEPRTEDEMEOOSCHN. oELPFPTSCHE YЪ OYI, PVAEDYOOOSCH PE ZHTBOGKHULYE ULBDTYMSHY, NPZMY KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH CHPDHYOSCHI VPSI CH UTYFTEE Y MYCHYY. dTHZYE, CHTEOOOP RTYOSFSHCHE CH BOZMYKULYE ULBDTYMSHY, KHYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH VYFCHE ЪB BOZMYA. OP VPMSHYOUFCHP YЪ-ЪB OEDPUFBFLB NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFY, FTEOYTPCHLY YYOSCHCHBMY PF VEDEKUFCHYS ЪB RTEDEMBNY BCHYBGYPOOSCHI VB CH BOZMYY YEZYRFE.

oP Y FB RTPVMENB VSHMB CH UCHPA PYUETEDSH TEEOB. CHEUOPK 1941 AR UNPZ TEYYFSH RTYOGYRYBMSHOSCH CHPRPTUSCH U BOZMYKULIN NYOYUFTPN BCHYBGYY UTPN bTYUYVBMSHDPN uYOLMETPN. yuEMPCHEL YYTPLLPZP KHNB Y VMBZPTPDUFCHB, PĒC RPOINBM, UFP UKHEEUFChPCHBOYE BCHYBGYY "UCHPVPDOPK zhTBOGYY" OE MYYEOP RPMSHSHSH. PĒC UPZMBUYMUS U NPYN RTEDMPTSEOYEN P UPЪDBOY OBUYI ULBDTYMYK RP PVTBGH BOZMYKULYI. BOZMYYUBOE RTEDPUFBCHMSMY OBN OEDPUFBAEIK OBENOSCHK RETUPOBM Y PVKHYUBMY CH UCHPYI YLPMBI OBUYI MEFUYLPCH. yjMYYYEL OBYI RYMPFPCH Rafinēšanas rūpnīca UMHTSYFSH CH BOZMYKULYI YUBUFSI. OP SING DPMTSOSCH VSHMY OBIPDIFSHUS PAR RPMPTSEOYY PFLPNBOYTPCHBOOSCHI ZHTBOGHYULYI PZHYGETPCH, RPDYUYOOOSCHI ZHTBOGKHULYN KHUFBCHBN Y OPUSEYI ZHTBOGHYULHA ZHTNKH. 8 YAOS 1941 AR OBRYUBM YЪ LBYTB UYTH bTYUYVBMSHDH RYUSHNP, RPDFCHETTSDBS UPZMBYEOYE, CHSTBVPFBOOPE PAR LFYI PUOPCHBI RPMLPCHOILPN hBMEOPN. u FAIRY RPT LFP UPZMBYYE OEHLPUOYFEMSHOP UPVMADBMPUSH NBTYBMBNY BCHYBGYY rPTFBMPN CH mPODPOE, mPOZ-NPTPN, ЪBFEN feddetpn PAR chPUFPLE.

h LPOGE 1941 NSCH UPЪDBMY CH BOZMYY ULBDTYMSHA YUFTEVYFEMEK "YMSH DE ZhTBOU" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN UYFYCHP. lPZDB PO VSHHM UVYF OBD ZHTBOGYEK, PFLKHDB, CHRTPUEN, PO CHETOKHMUS, EZP ЪBNEOYM DARETSHE. par BOZMYA, ZDE PE ZMBCHE EE CHUFBM nHYPFF {184} , RPZYVIYK PAR UMEDHAEIK ZPD CH VPA U CHTBZPN. h MECHBOFE PTZBOY'HEFUS ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mPFBTYOZYS" RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN rYCP. bFPF RPUMEDOYK, UVYFSHCHK URKHUFS OUEULPMSHLP OEDEMSH OBD CHTBTSEULPK FETTYFPTYEK, UKHNEM DPVTBFSHUS DP UCHPYI Y DEUSH KHNET. EZP ЪБNEOSEF lPTOYMSHPO-nPMYOSHE. dMS RPDDETTSLY OBUYI PRETBGYK CH UBIBTE CH TBKPOE PIETB yuBD PTZBOYPCHBOB UNEYBOOBS ULBDTYMSHS "vTEFBOSH" PE ZMBCHE U UES-RETEЪPN. CHEUOPK 1942 UPVTBOSH YUBUFSHA CH mPODPOE, YUBUFSH H TEKBLE MEFUYULY, LPFPTSHCHE RPTSE UPUFBCHSF CH TPUUYY ULBDTYMSHA, B ЪBFEN RPML "opTNBODIS". bFPK YUBUFSHHA RPUMEDPCHBFEMSHOP LPNBODPCHBMY FAMBO, mYFFPMSHZH, B RPUME YI UNETFY rHKBD. oBLPOEG, OELPFPTSCHE YI OBUYI RYMPFPCH RETEDBOSHCH RP NPENH RTYLBYH CH TBURPTSTSEOYE LPTPMECHULYI CHPDHYOSCHI UYM. nPTME, ZEKPMSH, ZEDTS LPNBODHAF FBN ULBDTYMSHSNY. dChPE RPUMEDOYI RPZYVOKHF CH VPA. UMBChB UFPYF DPTPZP CH CHP'DKHYOSCHI UTBTSEOYSI. rPFETY BCHYBGYY “UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY” CH DCHB TBBB RTECHSHUIMY YUYUMEOOPUFSH DEKUFCHHAEEZP MEFOPZP UPUFBCHB.

pDOBLP EUMY NYTPCHPK IBTBLFET CHPKOSHCHCHOKHTSDBM NEOS RPUFHRBFSH FBL, YUFPVSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH RTOYINBMY KHUBUFYE CH VPSI PAR CHUEI FEBFTBI CHPEOOCHOPCHOPCHOPCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE CH TBKPOE, CH LPFPTPN OBYVPMEE VSHMB ЪBYOFETEUPCHBOB ZHTBOGYS. HOYUFPTSYCH YFBMSHSOULHA BTNYA CH YJYPRYY, RTEZTBDYCH OENGBN DPTPZH CH UYTYA, UBDHYYCH CH OBTPDSCHYE RPRSHFLH CHYY CHCHUFKHRYFSH RTPPFYCH UCHPVPDOPK YPKYUBSCHMY BHTBOGSFTYHUL FCHYS CH MYCHYY.

h OPSVTE 1941 BOZMYYUBOE RTEDRTYOSMY ЪDEUSH EEE PDOP OBUFHRMEOYE. eUMY VSC YN HDBMPUSH DPUFYUSH ZTBOYGSCH fHOYUB, DMS OBU ChBTsOP VSCHMP VSC RTYKFY FHDB CHNEUFE U OYNY, PLBBBCH YN RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP RPNPESH CH VPTSHVE U CHTBZPN. еUMY TSE, OBPVPTPF, CHTBZH HDBMPUSH VSH PFVTPUYFSH YI, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY VSH UDEMBFSH CHUE CHPNPTSOPE, YUFPVSH RPNPYUSH YN PUFBOPCHYFSH RTPPFYCHOILB. h MAVPN UMHYUBE NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHHMY RTYMPTSYFSH NBLUINKHN KHUIMYK, OP UPITBOYFSH UCHPE UPVUFCHOOPE MYGP, U FEN YUFPVSH PDETSBFSH RPVEDH, RPMEYOKHA DMS zhTBOGYY.

NSH NPZMY DEKUFCHPCHBFSH DCHPSLP: OBYUBFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PF PETB UBD PAR ZHEGGBO UYMBNY UBIBTULPK LPMPOOSCH, DBCHOP RPDZPFPCHMEOOOPK melMETLPN, MYPDSCH UPSCHIP CHLMAYUYFSH CHLMAYUYFSH CHAMPYPSYM E OBZPFPCHE CH MECHBOFE RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN mBTNYOB. ar TEYM PUHEEUFCHYFSH PVB CHBTYBOFB, OP FBL, YUFPVSH DEKUFCHYS OBUYI UPMDBF RTYOEUMY RTSNHA RPMSHЪKH ZTBOGYY.

ъBICHBF ZHEGGBOB Y RPUMEDHAEIK NBTY PAR FTYRPMY RTEDUFBCHMSM UPVPK PRETBGYA, UPRTTSSEOOKHA U VPMSHYYN TYULPN. еUMY VSH POBO OE KHDBMBUSH, ITS DPMZP OECHPNPTSOP VSHMP VSC CHPPVOPCHYFSH YI-YB OEVSHCHBMSHHI FTHDOPUFEK, UCHSBOOSCHI U ZhPTNYTPCHBOYEN, UBTSCEOYEN Y UOBTSCEOYEN KPLPMPBETBOOTBBOYEN. bFB LPMPOOB DPMTSOB VSHMB DEKUFCHPCHBFSH CHUENY UYMBNY FPMSHLP FPZDB, LPZDB BOZMYUBOE, CHOPCHSH PCHMBDECH LITEOBYLPK, CHYMY VSHCH FTYRPMYFBOYA. h RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POB DPMTSOB VSHMB PZTBOYUYFSHUS FEN, YuFP VEURLPYMB VSC YFBMSHSOGECH, UPCHETYBS ZMHVPLYE Y VSCHUFTSCHE TEKDSCH.

pie DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, S IPFEM, YuFPVSH "ZHTPOF yuBD" EUMY NPTsOP FBL OBCHBFSH TSD RP OEPVIPDYNPUFY TBTPЪOOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK PUFBCHBMUS ZHTBOGKHULYN ZHTPOFPN. VEKHUMPCHOP, OBYUBMP OBYEK UBIBTULPK PRETBGYY DPMTSOP VSHMP VSHFSH UPZMBUPCHBOP U DCHITSEOYEN 8-K BOZMYKULPK BTNYY. lFP ЪBCHYUEMP PF UCHSY U lBYTPN. OPCH PUFBMSHOPN MELMETL RPDUYOSMUS VSH FPMSHLPNOE CHRMPFSH DP FPZP DOS, LPZDB, UPEDYOYCHYYUSH PAR RPDUFHRBI L UTEDYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNYUPAYENOPNH NPTA U OBYNYUPAYENOPNH CEOYE. bFB BChFPOPNYS VSHMB NOE FEN VPMEE DPTPZB, YuFP ЪБЧПЭЧКОИ ЖЭГГБОП СХИМПУШ ВШЧ OBYI THLBY UFTEECHMEDICH.

h FEUEOYE OPSVTS-DELBVTS BOZMYYUBOE, CHEDS PTSEUFPYOOOSCH Y FTSEMSHCHE VPY, RTPOILMY CH LITEOBYLH. PCYDBS YI CHUFKHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYA, melmetl, RPDDETSBOOSCHK ZEOETBMPN UETTPN, LPFPTSCHK VSHM FPZDB ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEIN CHPKULBNY CH uchPPVPDOPK zhTBOGKHULPK bZhHRMEOYA LBUFHMEGBOYA, PCHYFHMBOOG. YuFP LBUBEFUS NEOS, S CH LFPN CHPRTPUE OE VSHM OBUFTPEO PRFYNYUFYUOP.

ЪOBS, YuFP tPNNEMSH UKHNEM CHCHCHBFSHUS YЪ BOZMYKULYI FYULPCH Y YUFP RPUME PFЪSCCHB CHEKZBOB YЪ UECHETOPK bZhTYLY UPZMBYE OYE ZYFMET -dBTMBO UBCHOBTPFSHOPSHPHOBCTPSOBMP SEOYE YFHOYUB, S OE TBUUUYFSHCHBM PAR VSHUFTPE RTDPDCHYTSEOYE UPAYOILPC L fTYRPMY. oBRTPFYCH, NOE LBBBMPUSH VPMEE CHETPSFOSCHN LPOFTOBUFHRMEOYE RTPFPYCHOILB. ТB fBL LBL, U DTHZPK UFPTPOSCH, NYUYS UCHSY, LPFPTHHA melMETL RPUMBM ch lBYT, VShchMB RPUFBCHMEOB CH FBLYE HUMPCHYS, YuFP POB VSHMB CHSCHOKHTSDEOB UPZMBUYFSHUS PAR RPDTYFLPBOULCHM, PPTYFLPBOULCHM V ETBMH YUNEA, YuFP S OB LFP OE UPZMBUEO, Y TBYASUOIM RTEDUFBCHYFEMSN NYUUYY YI TPMSH.

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, OBY UPAYOILY OE CHUFHRYMY CH FTYRPMYFBOYA. RETCCHHE NEUSGSHCH 1942 VSHMY DMS PVEYI UFPTPO RETYPDPN UFBVYMYYBGYY. U LFPPZP NOLASĪTS OBLY CHKULB CH TBKPOE PETB UBD NPZMY FPMSHLP UPCHETYBFSH PAŠREIZĒJĀ OBMEFSCH, MANS MELMETLKH OE FETREMPUSH OBOSFSHUS LFYN. 4 ZHECHTBMS AR DBM UCHPE UPZMBUYE. UDEMBM LFP CH FEYEOYE NBTFB, RTPKDS UP UCHPYNYY PECHSHCHNYYUBUFSNYY, RPDDETSBOOSCHNYY UBNPMEFBNYY, YuETE ZHEGGBO, TBTHYBS NOPZYE CHTBTSEULYE RPUFSHCHNYYUBUSCHYCH TPJEY. ъБФЭН PO CHETOHMUS PAR UCPA VBH, RPOEUS OEOBYUYFEMSHOSH RPFETY. YuFPVSH TBUYTYFSH NBUYFBVSH Y CHPNPTSOPUFY DEKUFCHYK LFPPZP YULMAYUYFEMSHOP URPUPVOPZP CHPEOBYUBMSHOILB, S OBYUM EZP CH BRTEME LPNBODHAEIN CHUENY CHPPTHTSEOONYSCHUCHPNPTSOPUFY DEKUFTHTSEOONYSCHUCHPTHTTYMBSEOOSCHNYuzh. th PAR LFPF TB NOE RTYYMPUSH RTEPDPMEFSH RTPFEUFSCH, CHCHCHBOOSCH EZP YUTENTOPK ULTPNOPUFSH. y LFPPZ CHTENEY, IZDEVĒJA UBN Y EZP ChPKULB RPYUKHCHUFCHBMY UEVS DPUFBFPYuOP UIMSHOSCHNY, YUFPVSH ЪBICHBFYFSH PBYUSCH, LBL FPMSHLP UPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY VHDHF OPVCHFYS CH MYCHYY. pDOBLP YN RTYYMPUSH PTSYDBFSH EEE DPMZYI DEUSFSH NEUSGECH CH KHTSBOOKHA CBTH UTEDY ULBM Y REULPCH, RTETSDE YUEN POY PDETSBMY RPVEDH Y UNSHMY OBLPOEG U EVS RSCHMSH UTEDYENOPN.

OP EUMY CH TBKPOE PYTB UBD OBN RTYYMPUSH PFFSZYCHBFSH TEYBAEIK HDBT, FP CH LITEOBYLE RTEDUFBCHMSMBUSH DPMZPTsDBOOBS CHPNPTSOPUFSH RPLBJBFSH, PAR YFP NSCH URPUPVOSH. pDOBLP OBN RTEDUFPSMP RTEPDPMEFSH NOPZP RTERSFUFCHYK, RTETSDE YUEN NSCH DPVYMYUSH UPZMBUYS UPAJOYLPCH PAR KHYUBUFYE LTHROSH ZHTBOGKHULYI UPEDYOEOYK CH LVPECFNSCHYHI CH LEPEDYOEOYK CH LPECFNCHYHI.

DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, DCHE MEZLIYE NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOSCH DYCHYYYY FBOLPCHSHCHK RPML, UZHPTNYTPCHBOOSCH H UYYYY RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN MBTNYOB, OE VSHCHMY KHYUFEDPCHBOOSCH OEP BOZMYPPDCHBOY , OBYUBFPZP CH LPOGE PLFSVTS. pDOBLP PVB UPEDYOOYS VSHCHMY UYMSHOSCHNYY IPTPYP CHPPTHTSEOOSCHNY. LBTSDPE YЪ OYI VSHMP NPFPTYPCHBOP Y UPUFPSMP YRSFY REIPFOSCHI VBFBMSHPOCH, BTFYMMETYKULPZP RPMLB, TPFSH RFP, TPFSH RCH, RPDTBDEMEOYS TBCHEDLY, TPFSHCH Y UPPSHPHCHUL, TPFSHCH Y RBPFPHCHULCHI, TPPFPKTBHI B YOTS BVOPK TPFSH Y UMKhTSV. UFY UPEDYOEOYS, CHLMAYUBAYE RPDTBDEMEOYS CHUEI TPDPCH CHPKUL Y RPPFPNH URPUPVOSHCHSHRPMOSFSH PFDEMSHOHA FBLFYUEULHA ЪBDBUKH, VSHMY DYCHYYSNY CH VHLCHBMSHOPN UNSHUME MHRB. iPFS DZIED PAR UBNPN DEME VSHMY “MEZLYNY”, AR OBUFBYCHBM YNEOOOP PAR OBCHBOYY, LPFPTPPE UPPFCHEFUFCHCHBMP DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY. mBTNYOB, YURPMSHЪHS PTKHTSIE, PUFBCHMEOOPE DEOGEN YMY ЪBICHBYUEOOPE PAR ULMBDBY, PITBOSENSHI YFBMSHSOULINY LPNYUUYSNY RP RETENYTYA, UOBVDYM CHUE DPRDTBDEMEOYS, YURPMSHMEOOPE DEOGEN YMY ЪBICHBYUEOOPE SCH Y TBUFPTPPROSCH TEVSFB, CHMBDEMY YN CH UPCHETYEOUFCHE. fBLYN PVTBBPN, RPNNYNP DYCHYYPOOPK BTFYMMETYY LBTSDSCHK VBFBMSHPO YNEM YEUFSH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSHCHI PTHDYK. nOPZP VSHMP FBLCE NYOPNEFPCH Y BCHFPNBFYUEULPZP PTHTSYS. h UMHYUBE OBUFHRMEOYS UMEDPCHBMP VSC PVMESUYFSH CHPKULB. OP ЪBFP CH PVPTPOE POY PVMBDBMY YULMAYUYFEMSHOPK PZOECHPK NPESH.

pDPVTYCH 20 UEOFSVTS UPUFBCH DCHHI MEZLYI NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI DYCHYYK, S OBRTBCHYM 7 PLFSVTS YuETYUYMMA RYUSHNP, UPPVEBS ENKH P OBUYI OBNETEOYSI Y CHPNPTSOPUFSI. pDOPCHTENEOOP S OBRYUBM ZMBCHOPLPNBODHAEEENH CHPKULBNY PAR CHPUFPLE ZEOETBMH PLYOMELH, OBRPNYOBS ENKH P OBUYEN TSEMBOY UTBTSBFSHUS CH MYCHYY. s KHLBBM yuETYUYMMA Y ZEOETBMKH pLYOMELH, UFP RTY RTPchedeoyy fYI PRETBGYK S ZPFPCH RPDYUYOYFSH CHUA ZTHRRYTPCHLH mBTNYOB BOZMYKULPNH LPNBODPCHBOYA Y UFP PLEKŠFCHF, UFP PPKFTCHF, VDTHZPKPPCHF OPNOP, OP UNPTsEF RTEDRTYOSFSH OBUFHRMEOYE PAR ZHEGGBO, LPZDB LFP VHDEF OEPVIPDYNP. 9 PLFSSVTS S RPUEFYM BOZMYKULPZP CHPEOOOPZP NYOYUFTB nBTZEUUPOB Y RPRTPPUYM EZP CHNEYBFSHUS CH LFP DEMP. oBLPOEG, 30 PLFSVTS S UPPVEIM ZEOETBMH lBFTH HUMPCHYS, PAR LPFPTSCHI OBIY CHKULB DPMTSOSCH RTYOSFSH HYUBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. ZMBCHOSCHN HUMPCHYEN VSHMB CHPNPTSOPUFSH DEKUFCHPCHBFSH GEMSHNY UPEDYOEOSNY.

fPMSHLP 27 OPSVTS S RPMKHYUM BOZMYKULYK PFCHEF. UZ VSHHMNOE RPUMBO OBYUBMSHOILPN YFBVB CHPEOOOPZP LBVYOEFB yuetyuyMMS ZEOETBMPN yUNEEN. EZP RYUSHNP POBYUBMP PFLB, CHETSMYCHSHCHK, OP LBFEZPTYUEULYK. YuFPVSH PVASUOYFSH LFPF PFLB, IEGĀDĀJIET UPA'OILY UUSCHMBMYUSH PAR "TBBPVEOOOPUFSH ZHTBOGKHULYI YUBUFEK, TBURPMPTSEOOSCHI CH TBMYUOSCHI RHOLFBI UYTYYYYYY", PAR FP, YFP "POYSHYFFEKCHYTP" HE DYCHYYK Y VTYZBD”, OBLPOEG, PAR YI “OEDPUFBFPYUOPE UOBTSSEOYE” . pDOBLP SING CHSTBTSBMY OBDETSDH, YuFP VKHDHEEE RPJCHPMYF RETEUNPFTEFSH LFPF CHPRTPU.

VSHMP SUOP, YuFP BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE TBUUYUYFSHCHBMP ЪБЧетийФШ ЪБЧПеЧКОЪ MYCHYYY RPLPOYUYFSH U TPNNEMEN VEЪ RPNBODPCHBOYE RPNUYUYFSHCHBMP. rTBCHDB, POP TBURPMBZBMP OBYUYFEMSHOSCHNYY OBYUYOSCHNYY UYMBNYY CH LFPN TBKPOYY UYYFBMP, YuFP BDNYTBM yODTA LBOYOZN, RTELTBUOSCHK CHPEOBYUBMSHOIL Y NPTY, YNPCHPTYPTYB OF UPCHPTYPTYB SOFTS FSH LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFPYCHOILB NETSDH YFBMYEK Y FTYRPMYFBOYEK.

nPTsOP UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFSH, LBL S VShchM TBUPYUBTPCHBO BOZMYKULIN PFCHEFPN. ar OE pārstrādes rūpnīcu DPRKHUFYFSH, YUFPVSH OBUY CHKULB PUFBCHBMYUSH CH VE'DEKUFCHYY OEPRTEDEMOOPE CHTENS, LPZDB CH VYFCHBI TEYBMBUSH UHDSHVB NYTB. rПФПНХ AR RTEDRPYU CHЪSFSH PAR EUVS TYUL YЪNEOOYS PTYEOFBGYY. ar RTYZMBUYM vPZPNPMPCHB Y RPRTPUYM EZP UPPVEYFSH EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHH, YuFP obGYPOBMSHOSCHK LPNYFEF TSEMBM VSHCH, YuFPVSH ZHTBOGHULYE CHPPTHTSEOOSHE UYMSI PRYFTHTSEOOSHE UYMSI PRYFCHETJOPFYOSMY RTYMSI PRUPPUCY PAR chPUFPYUOPN ZHTPOFE CH UMHUBE, EUMY FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK CH UECHETOPK bZHTYLE VKhDEF DMS OYI OBLTSHCHF. UBNP UPVPK TBHNEEFUS, S OE DEMBM CH mPODPOE OYLBLPK FBKOSHCH YUCHPEZP RTEDMPTSEOYS. OP EEE DP FPZP, LBL S RPMKHYUM PFCHEF YЪ nPULCHSHCH, OBNETEOYS BOZMYUBO YYNEOMYUSH. 7 LE.” “ar ЪOBA, DPVBCHMSM RTENSHET-NYOYUFT, -YuFP LFP OBNETEOYE UPPFCHEFUFCHHEF CHBYENKH TSEMBOYA. ar ЪOBA FBLCE, LBL CHBYN UPMDBFBN OE FETRYFUS RPNETYFSHUS UYMBNY U OENGBNY.

ar PFCHEFYM yuETYUYMMA, YuFP PDPVTSA RTPELF Y PFDBN OEPVIPDYNSCHE TBURPTTSEOYS ZEOETBMH lBFTH. PAR UBNPN DEME BOZMYYUBOE, LTPNE FPZP, YUFP YN VSHMP VSH OPTYSFOP CHPNPTSOPE RETENEEEOYE ZHTBOGKHULYI UYM CH TPUUYA, OBUYOBMY RPOINBFSH, LBLHA CHPEOOKHA YNPFCOBSHZPDYBHYBH ITEOBILH. dziedāt KHVEDYMYUSH CHPPYUYA, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL KHRPTOP PFUFBYCHBEF LBTSDSCHK LMPYUPL ENMY, YuFP YI UPVUFCHOOSHCHPKULB OEUHF FSTSEMSHCHE RPFETY, YuFP YN OEPVIPDYNP RPFYCHOIL TEPTOP BYCHBOF PVMOOPE L PRETBGYSN U HYUBUFYEN NEIBOYYTPCHBOOSCHI CHPKUL. pFLBBBCHYYUSH PF RTDPDPMTSEOYS OBUFHRMEOYS CH fTYRPMYFBOYY, SING PTSYDBMY, YUFP tPNNEMSH CHULPTE CHOPCHSH CHPSHNEF YOYGYBFYCHH CH UCHPY THLY. bFB RETURELFYCHB CHSCHOKHTsDBMB YI PVTBEBFSHUS JB OBYEK RPNPESH.

h Lb YCH RTPFPYCHPFBOLPCHSHNYY YEOYFOSCHNY PTHDISNY Y FTBOURPTFOSHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. h SOCHBTE LFB DYCHYYS RTPCHEMB OUEULPMSHLP KHDBUOSHI PECH U YUBUFSNY tPNNEMS, PLTHTSEOOSCHNY CH UPMMHNE Y vBTDAYY, LPFPTSCHE CHULPTE LBRYFHMYTPCHBMY. ChYDS CHETEOYGSH OENEGLYI RMEOOSCHI, LPFPTSCHI POY RPNPZMY ЪBICHBFYFSH, IEGĀDĀJIES ChPKULB VSHCHMY RPFTSUEOSH DP ZMHVYOSCH DKHYY. h VPDTPN Y RTYRPDOSFPN OBUFTPEOOY SING OBRTBCHYMYUSH PAR ЪBRBD. h ZHECHTBME, h FP CHTENS LBL BOZMYYUBOE TBNEEBMY UCHPY ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH CH GEOFTE LITEOBYLY, PAR FBL OBSCHCHBENPK RPJYGY “zBBBMB”, UPUFPSEEK Y OEULPMSHLYI KHLTERMETBKOPOPOSCHI EKN, TBURPPTSEOOSCHK ATSOEE. HLTERMSS UCHPY RPYYGYY, SING CH FP TSE CHTENS CHEMY BLFYCHOSCH TBCHEDSHCHBFEMSHOSH RPYULY CH ZMHVYOE OYUEKOPK RPMPUSH, PFDEMSCHYEK YI PF ZMBCHOSCHI UYM RTPFPYCHOILB.

OP EUMY 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYYY RPCHEYMP, FP UPCHUEN YOBYUE PVUFPSMP UP 2-K, LPFPTBS RTDDPMTsBMB VEDEKUFChPCHBFSH CH MECHBOFE. ar CE IPFEM, YuFPVSH POB FBLCE RTYOSMB KHYBUFYE CH CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYSI. lBL TB ADELBVTS vPZPNPMPCH UPPVEIM NOE, YuFP NPK RTPELF RPUSCHMLY ZHTBOGHYULYI CHPKUL CH TPUUYA CHUFTEFYM ZPTSYUEE PDPVTEOYE EZP RTBCHYFEMSHUFCHB, LPFPTPE ZPFPDHUFSHOUT ABVVDNEYM N. fPZDB S TEYM RPUMBFSH PAR CHPUFPL OE FPMSHLP BCHYBGYPOOKHA ULBDTYMSHA “oPTNBODYS”, OP Y 2-A MEZLHA NFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. bFB RPUMEDOSS, PFRTBCHSUSH YYYYYY RTPKDS YUETE vBZDBD, DPMTSOB VSHMB RETEUEYUSH yTBO PAR ZTHPCHYLBI, ЪBFEN YЪ FBCHTYЪB RP TSEMEЪOPK DPTPZE RTYVSCHHFSHBJ ABJ. bFP VShchM PVSHYUOSCHK RKHFSH, RP LPFPTPNH YITBOULYI RPTFPCH DPUFBCHMSMYUSH CH TPUUYA ZTHYSHCH, RPUSHMBENSHCHE UPAYOILBNY. 29 DELBVTS S OBRYUBM ZEOETBMH YUNEA, RTEDHRTEDYCH EZP P UCHPYI OBNETEOYSI, Y DBM ZEOETBMH lBFTH OEPVIPDYNSCHE YOUFTHLGYY. 15 NBTFB 2-S NPFPNEIDYCHYYS DPMTSOB VSHMB PFRTBCHYFSHUS PAR lBCHLB, EUMY DP bFPZP POB OE RPFTEVPCHBMBUSH VSC H MYCHYY.

BOZMYKULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHSHCHDCHYOHMP CHUE CHPNPTSOSCHE CHPTBTTSEOYS RTPPFYCH RPTPELFB RPUSHMLY DYCHYYY CH TPUUYA. h nPULCHE CE UPCHEFSH KHICHBFYMYUSH ЪB БФХ IDEJA. nPMPFPCH CH VUEEDBI U zBTTP, ZEOETBM rBOZHYMPCH U REFY FPTPRYMY OBU PUKHEEUFCHYFSH EE; IDEO, RPUFBCHMEOOOSCHK CH YICHEUFOPUFSH, CHCHUFHRIM UP UCHPEK UFPTPOSH Y OBRYUBM NOE, RPDDETSYCHBS FPYULH ЪTEOYS BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOSCHI. ar RTDDPMTsBM OBUFBYCHBFSH PAR UCHPEN, Y CH LPOGE ZHECHTBMS UPAJOYUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE RTYOSMP VMBZPRTYSFOPE TEYEOYE. noe UPPVEIM PV LFPN yUNEK. pLYOMEL RPRTPUYM LBFTKH RETEDBFSH CH EZP TBURPTTSEOYE 2-A MEZLHA NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOKHA DYCHYYA. rPLYOKHCH UYYA, POB RTYVSHMB CH MYCHYA CH RPUMEDOYI YUYUMBI NBTFB.

zTHRRYTPCHLB mBTNYOB VSHMB FERTSH PAR NEUF: LEOYZ U 1-K DYCHYYEK PAR MYOY VYT-iBLKN, lBBP UP 2-K CH TEETCHE. fBOLPCHSHCHK RPML RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB TENY RPMKHYUBM CH FSHMKH OPCHHA NBFETYBMSHOHA YUBUFSH. tPFB RBTBYAFYUFPCH, LPFPTHA AR RETECH YЪ BOZMYY, FTEOYTPCHBMBUSH CH yUNBYMYY, ZPFPCHBS L CHSHRPMOEOYA VPECHPK ЪBDBUY. lFP UPUFBCHMSMP 12 FSHUSYU UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH YMY RTYNETOP 1/5 UYM UPAJOILPC, DEKUFCHHAEYI CH LFPN TBKPOE. yULBDTYMSHS YUFTEVYFEMEK "UMSHBU" Y ULBDTYMSHS VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH "mpFBTIOZYS" UTBTSBMYUSH U PLFSVTS NEUSGB CH OEEV LITEOBYLY. NOPZIE OBOY RPUSHMSHOSHE UKHDB Y FTBMSHAILY HYUBUFCHPCHBMY CH ULPTFE LBTBCHBOPCH CHDPMSH RPVETTSHS. fBLYN PVTBBPN, OBYUYFEMSHOSH ZHTBOGKHULYE UYMSCH VSHMY UPUTEDPFPYUEOSCH CHCHTENS PAR ZMBCHOPN FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK. CHULPTE VPZ CHPKOSH RTEDPUFBCHYM UPMDBFBN "UCHPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYY" CHPNPTSOPUFSH KHYUBUFCHPCHBFSH CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY RPLTSCHFSH UEVS OEKHCHSDBENPK UMBCHPK. 27 NBS tPNNEMSH RETEIPDIFF CH OBUFHRMEOYE. VYT-iBLKN RPDCHETZBEFUS OBRBDEOYA.

h RTEDRTYSFYSI, h LPFPTSCHI TYULHEYSH CHUEN, PVSHYUOP OBUFKHRBEF FBLPC NPNEOF, LPZDB FPF, LFP CHEDEF YZTH, YUKHCHUFCHHEF, YuFP UHDSHVB CHPF-CHPF TEYYFUS. rP KhDYCHYFEMSHOPNH UFEYEOYA PVUFPSFEMSHUFCH FSCHUSYU YURSHCHFBOYK, LPFPTSCHN PO RPDCHETZBEFUS, LBL VSC CHPRMPEBAFUS OEPTSIDBOOP CH PDOPN TEYBAEEN RYJPDE. eUMY LFPF LRYЪPD VHDEF KHDBUOSCHN, ZHTTFHOB KHMSHCHVOEFUS. OP EUMY PO RTYCHEDEF CH EBNEYBFEMSHUFCHP THLPCHPDYFEMS, CHUE DEM RTPYZTBOP. h FP CHTENS LPZDB CHPLTHZ RPMYZPOB RMPEBDSHA Ch 16 LCHBDTBFOSCHI LYMPNEFTPC, KhDETSYCHBENPZP UPMDBFBNY LEOZB, TBSHCHZTSCHCHBEFUS DTBNB vYT-iBLEKSHNB, S UBN, OBINNODPONSUESH, MPPNY KHYYCHBS LPNNEOFBTYY, YUYFBS PE CHZMSDBI FP UFTBI, FP OBDETSDH, TBUUUYFSHCHBA, LBLPCHSH VHDHF RPUMEDUFCHYS FPZP, YuFP FBN RTPYUIPDYF. eUMY LFY 5500 VPKGPCH, LBTSDSCHK UP UCHPYN ZPTEN Y OBDETSDPK DPVTPCHPMSHOP RTYVSHCHYYE JTBOGYY, bZhTYLY, MECHBOFB, FYIPZP PLEBOB, UPVTBOBOOSHCH, OEUN PDOKŪP FOUTH SFUS, RPFETRSF RPTBTSEOYE, OBUYE DAMP VHDEF UETSHEOP RPDPTCHBOP. th OBPVPTTPF, EUMY CH LFPF NNEOF, PAR LFPC ENME SING UPCHETYBF CHEMILIK RPDCHYZ, VHDHEEE RTYOBDMETSYF OBN!

retchsche VPY RTPchedeosch LBL OEMSHЪS MHYUYE. noe DPOPUSF, YuFP 27 NBS, LPZDB ZMBCHOSCHE UYMSCH RTPFYCHOILB RTPYMY ATSOEE VYT-iBLEKNB, YUFPVSH PLTHTSYFSH RPIYGYY UPAYOILPC, YFBMSHSOULBS NPFPDYCHYFCH.BOPPHLPCHY"GBOPPHPUCHY"bTSHELPCHY Y RPFETSMB UPTPL YЪ OYI, PVMPNLY LPFPTSCHI KHUESMY RPME VPS. 28 Y 29 NBS IEGĀDĀTIES PFTSDSHCH, CHCHUMBOOSCH PE CHUEI OBRTBCHMEOSHI, KHOYUFPTSYMY EEE YFHL RSFOBDGBFSH FBOLPCH Y BICHBFYMY 200 RMEOOSCHI. 20 . URKHUFS DCHB DOS ZHTBOGKHULBS LPMPOOB RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN RPMLPCHOILB vTPYB PCHMBDECHBEF RPYGYEK tPFPODB UYOSHSMY, TBURPMPTSEOOPK CH 50 LYMPNEFTBI L ЪBRBDH. 1 YAOS mBTNYOB YOURELFYTHEF OBIY CHPKULB PAR NEUF. EZP DPOUEEOYE RPMOP PRFYNYNB. h NYTE UPDBEFUS PRTEDEMEOOPE NOOOYE. oELPFPTSCHE RTEDULBSCHBAF, YuFP LFP DEMP NPZMP VSC OBYUYFEMSHOP RTECHPKFY ZTBBOYGSCH FBLFYUEULPK PRETBGYY. TBDYP Y ZBJEFSH UDETSBOOP, CHSHCHVYTBS CHSTBTTSEOYS, ULHRP OBUYOBAF ICHBMYFSH ZHTBOGKHULYE ChPKULB Y YI LPNBOYTPCH.

PAR UMEDHAEIK DEOSH tPNNEMSH CHPЪPVOPCHMSEF OBUFHRMEOYE. PAR LFPF TB, IZDEVĒJIS BFBLHEF GEOFT RPYYGYY ZEOETBMB TYYUY, OBYOOOPZP PLYOMELLPN LPNBODHAEIN ZHTPOFPN. OENGSH PCHMBDECHBAF CH ZPF-UMSH-ULBTBVE RPYGYEK PDOPK BOZMYKULPK VTYZBDSH, RTEPDPMECHBAF CH LFPN RHOLFE VPMSHYPE NYOOPE RPME, RTYLTSHCHBAEE RPDUFHRSH L ZBBMB Y VYTEERBRTBUCH, YBLEKSIRBRTBYMS iBLEMYSBRTTBYMS PFYCH OBUYI CHPKUL PDOKH DYCHYYYA bZHTILBOULZP LPTRHUB. CHRECHSHHE U YAOS 1940 ZHTBOGKHYSCH Y OENGSHCH CHOPCHSH CHUFTEYUBAFUS CH VPMSHYPN UTBTSEOYY. uOBYUBMB CH NEMLYI UFSHYULBI NSCH ЪBICHBFSHCHBEN 150 RMEOOOSCHI. OP PUEOSH ULPTP ZHTPOF KHUFBOBCHMYCHBEFUS CH RTEDD4Y VYFCHSHCH. dChKHN CHTBTSEULIN RBTMBNEOFETBN, LPFPTSCHE RTEDMBZBAF LBRYFKHMYTPCHBFSH, LEOYZ PFCHEYUBEF, YuFP PO OE EB LFYN RTYYEM UADB.

NETSDH FEN CH RPUMEDHAEYE DYO RTPPHYCHOIL UFSZYCHBEF LPMSHGP PLTHCEOOYS. vBFBTEY FSTSEMSCHI PTHDYK, CH FPN YUYUME 155-Y 200-NYMMYNEFTPCHSCHI, CHEDHF RP OBYN RPIYGYSN PZPOSH, LPPTSHCHK UFBOPCHYFUS CHUE VPMEE YOFEOUYCHOSCHN. FTY, YUEFSHTE, RSFSH TB PAR DEOSH YFKHTNPCHYLY Y "AOLETUSCH" UPCHETYBAF OBMEFSCH RP UPFOE UBNPMEFPCH PDOPCHTENEOOP. rTPDPCHPMSHUFCHYE RPUFHRBEF CH OEDPUFBFPYUOPN LPMYUEUFCHE. h VYT-iBLEKNE CHUE NEOSHYE PUFBEFUS VPERTYRBUPCH, KHNEOSHIBEFUS RTDDPCHPMSHUFCHEOOSCHK TBGYPO, UPLTBEBEFUS TBDBYUB CHPDSH. rPD RBMSAIN UPMOGEN, UTEDY REUUBOSCHY CHYITEK ЪBEYFOILY OBIPDSFUS CH RPUFPSOOPK FTECHPZE, TSYCHHF CHNEUFE U TBOEOSCHNY, IPTPOSF NETFCHSCHI TSDPN UPVPK. 3 YAOS ZEOETBM tPNNEMSH OBRTBCHMSEF RYUSHNP, OBRYUBOOPE YN UPVUFCHEOOPTHYUOP, U FTEVPCHBOYEN UMPTSYFSH PTHTSYE “CH RTPFYCHOPN UMHYUBE POY VHDHF KHOYBLYTBDZMY. 5 YAOS PDYO YЪ EZP PZHYGETPCH RPCHFPTSEF LFP RTEDMPTSEOYE. ENH PFCHEYUBEF PZPOSH OBYEK BTFYMMETYY. OP CH FP CE CHTENS PE NOPZYI UFTBOBI L OBN RTPVKhTsDBEFUS YOFETEU RHVMYLY. ZhTBOGKHYSCH VYT-iBLEKNB RTYCHMELBAF CHUE VPMSHYEE CHOINBOYE REYUBFY Y TBDYP. pVEEUFCHOOPE NOOOYE ZPFPCHYFUS CHSCHOEFY UCHPA PGEOLKH. chPRTPU UFBCHYFUS FBL: NPTsEF MY EEE UMBCHB PUEOYFSH OBUYI UPMDBF?

7 YAOS VYT-iBLEKN RPMOPUFSHHA PLTHTSEO. 90-S OENEGLBS DYCHYYS Y YFBMSHSOULBS DYCHYYS “fTYEUF”, RPDDETSBOOSCH DCHHNS DEUSFLBNY VBFBTEK Y UPFOSNY FBOLPCH, ZPFPCHSH L YFKHTNH. “rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE YEUFSH DOEK!” RTYLBYBMP LEOYZH UPA'OYUUEULPE LPNBODPCHBOYE CHEWETPN 1 YAOS. fY YEUFSH DOEK YUFELMY. "rTPDETTSYFEUSH EEE UPTPL CHPUENSH YUBUPCH", RTPUYF ZEOETBM tyuy. uMEDHEF ULBYBFSH, YUFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB, OBOEUYE FBLYE RPFETY 8-K BTNYY CHCHBCHYE FBLPE ЪBNEYBFEMSHUFChP, FBLPCSHCH, UFP UPLTHYYFEMSHOSHE KHDBTSHCH RTPFYCHOILB ECHPNPTSOB. YuFP LBUBEFUS TPNNEMS, FP, UFTENSUSH VSHCHUFTEE DPUFYUSH EZYRFB, RPMSHJHSUSH UNSFEOYEN UTEDY BOZMYUBO, PYUEOSH TBDTBTSEO LFYN UPRTPFYCHMEOYEN ZHTBOGHPTEFUSH, LPFPDTPPEFESF LPNNHOILBGYY. VYT-iBLEKN UFBOPCHYFUS EZP PUOPCHOPK ЪBVPFPK Y EZP ZMBCHOPK GEMSHA. BY HCE OEPDOPLTBFOP RPSCHMSMUS PAR RPIYGYSI Y UDEMBEF LFP EEE OE TB, YUFPVSH KHULPTYFSH DEKUFCHYS YFKHTNHAEYI CHPKUL.

8 YAOS OBUYOBAFUS PCEUFPYUEOOOSCH BFBLY. REIPFB RTPFPYCHOILB OEPDOPLTBFOP, RTY RPDDETSLE LTHROSHHI UYM BTFYMMETYY FBOLPCH, OBUFPKYYCHP, OP VEKHUREYOP RSCHFBEFUS PCHMBDEFSH FEN YMY YOSCHN HYUBUFLPN OBUYI RPY. PYUEOSH FSSEMSCHK DEOSH DMS OBYI CHPKUL Y FSSEMBS OPYUSH, CH FEYOOYE LPFPTPK RTYCHPDSFUS CH RPTSDPL IEGĀDĀJIES RPUFTBDBCHIYE PF PVUFTEMB RPYYGYY. 9 YAOS BFBLY CHPЪPVOPCHMSAFUS. chTBTSEULBS BTFYMMETYS HUYMYMBUSH PTHDYSNY LTHROPZP LBMYVTB, U LPFPTSCHNY OE NPZHF CHEUFY VPTSHVH 75-NYMMYNEFTPPCHSH PTHDYS RPMLPCHOILB mPTBO-yBNRTP. OBOY UPMDBFSH RPMKHYUBAF CHUEZP MYYSH PLPMP DCHHI MYFTPC CHPDSH CH UHFLY, YUFP CH ЪDEYOEN NEUFOPN LMYNBFE SCHMSEFUS UPCHETYOOOP OEDPUFBFPYUOSCHN. pDOBLP OEPVIPDYNP EEE DETSBFSHUS, RPFPNH YuFP CH UCHSY UP UNSFEOYEN, RPUFEREOOOP PICHBFSCHBAEIN TBMYUOSCH RPDTBDEMEOYS BOZMYKULPK BTNYY, URPTPFYCHMEOYE LEOOZB RTYPVTEFOBEEYE. “ZETPYUEULBS PVPTPOB ZHTBOGGHPCH!” “vMEUFSAKE RPDCHYZ”! “оENGSH TBVYFSH RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN!” PE CHEUSH ZPMPU FTHVSF YOZHPTNBGYPOOSCHE BZEOFUFCHB mPODPOB, OSHA-kPTLB, nPOTEBMS, lBYTB, TYP-DE-tsBOEKTP, vHIOPU-bKTEUB. nsch RTYVMYTSBENUS L GEMY, LPFPTHA OBNEFYMY, CHPЪMPTSYCH PAR CHPKULB “UCHPVPDOPC ZhTBOGYY”, UFPMSH OEBOBYUYFEMSHOSH RP YUYUMEOOPUFY, VPMSHYKHA TPMSH CH LFYUP VPMSHHHFYUP VPMSHHFYUP VPMSHHYUP VPMSHY. RKHYLY RPD VYT-iBLKNPN CHPCHEUFYMY CHUENKH NYTH P OBYUBME CHPTSDEOYS ZhTBOGYY.

OP PFOSHHOE NOE OE DBEF RPLPS NSCHUMSH P URBUEOYY BEYFOILPC. ar RPONBA, YuFP POY OE UNPZHF CH FEYOOYE RTDPDPMTSYFEMSHOPZP READING PFTBTSBFSH BFBLY, RPDDETSBOOSCH NPEOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY. lPOYUOP, S KHVETSDEO CH FPN, YuFP CH MAVPN UMHYUBE DYCHYYS OE UDBUFUS, YuFP RTPFYCHOIL VHDEF MYYEO KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYS KHCHYDEFSH, LBL RETED TPNNEMEN RTPKPMBUF DMYOOULIPYB, YFP BUPKOPĪBU YFPYOOBS HDHF OERPLPMEVYNP UFPSFSH PAR NEUFA, FP RTPFYCHOILH, YuFPVSH PDPMEFSH YI, RPOBDPVYFUS HOYUPPTSYFSH YI RP YUBUFSN. OP TEYUSH YDEF P FPN, YuFPVSH URBUFY CHPKULB, BOE P FPN, YuFPVSH RTYNYTYFSHUS U YI ZETPYUEULPK ZYVEMSHA. NOE UPCHETYEOOP OEPVIPDYNSCH DMS DBMSHOEKYI PRETBGYK LFY UPFOY RTECHPUIPDOSH PZHYGETPCH Y KHOFET-PZHYGETPCH, LFY FSCHUSYU PFMYUOSHI UPMDBF. UPCHETYYCH PDYO RPDCHYZ, POY DPMTSOSCH FERETSH UPCHETYYFSH DTHZPK: RTPTCHBFSHUS ULCHPSH LPMSHGP CHTBTSEULYI CHPKUL, RTPTCHETYYCH NYOOSCH RPMS, Y RTYUPEDYOIFSHUS L UPAPCHOILSCHUS.

iPFS S CHPDETTSYCHBAUSH PF OERPUTEDUFHEOOPZP CHNEYBFEMSHUFCHB CH THLPCHPDUFCHP UTBTSEOYEN, FEN OE NEOEE CH FEYOOYE 8th 9 YAOS S RTDDPMTsBA U CHR , KHLBSHCHBS, YuFP YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP CHBTsOP, YUFPVSH LEOYZ, RPLB EEE OE RPJDOP, RPMKHYUM RTYLB RPRSCHFBFSHUS CHSHCHKFY Y PLTHTSEOYS . ar RPChFPTSA PV LFPN 10 YAOS yuETYUYMMA, U LPFPTSCHN S PVUKhTSDBM FPZDB ChPRTPU P nBDBZBULBTE. FEN CHTENEOEN TBCHSB RTYVMYTSBEFUS, Y S FEMEZTBZHYTHA LPNBODITH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPK DYCHYYY: “ZEOETBM LEOYZ! "OBKFE Y RETEDBKFE CHBYN CHPKULBN, YuFP CHUS ZhTBOGYS UNPFTYF PAR CHBU Y ZPTDYFUS CHBNY!" b H LPOGE DOS ZEOETBM UT BMBO vTHL, OBYUBMSHOIL YNRETULPZP YFBVB, PVYASCHMSEF NOE, YuFP U UBNPZP KhFTB RTPFPYCHOIL CHEDEF PTSEUFPYOOOSCH BFBLY PAR VYT-iBLUBHLKBOYSFOPBEKTY, OPCHHA RPYGYA, EUMY bFP ENKH KHDBUFUS UDEMBFSH. PRETBGYS DPMTSOB RTPYPKFY OPIUSHA.

par UMEDHAEE KhFTP, 11 YAOS, CHPUFPTTSEOOP-NTBUOSCH LPNNEOFBTYY TBDIY ZBJEF. rPULPMSHLH OILFP OE OBEF, YuFP ZHTBOGKHSCH RSCHFBAFUS CHSHKFY YI PLTHTSEOYS, CHUE, PYUECHYDOP, TsDHF U NYOKHFSCH PAR NYOHFKH, YuFP YI URPTPPHYCHMEOYE VHDEF UMPNMEOP. OP CHPF CHYUETPN VTHL RPUSCHMBEF NOE UMEDHAEE YJCHEUFYE: “ZEOETBM LEOYZ Y VPMSHYBS YUBUFSH EZP CHPKUL DPUFYZMY UMSH-ZPVI Y OBIPDSFUS CHOE DPUZBENPUFY RTPPHYCHOILB.” ar VMBZPDBTA CHEUFOILB, PFRHULBA EZP, ЪBLTSCHCHBA DCHETSH. ar PUFBAUSH LUNCH UBNYN UPVPK. UETDGE VSHEFUS PF CHPMOOYS. NEOS PICHBFSHCHBEF YUKHCHUFCHP PZTPNOPK ZPTDPUFY, MSHAFUS UMESH TBDPUFY!

1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS OBUYFSHCHBMB DP UTBTSEOYS RPD VYT-iBLEKNPN RTYVMYJFEMSHOP 5500 YUEMPCHEL, B RPUME DCHHIOEDEMSHOSHI PECH LEOYZ CHCHCHCHCHEM PFEKPDOSZUM PFFEKPDOMSCHEM PFFPLODOUMPYMPHDB HTSVE UPMDBF. oELPFPTPPE LPMYUEUFCHP TBOEOSCHI HDBMPUSH CHSHCHEFFY CH FSHM CHNEUFE U YUBUFSNY. OBOY CHPKULB PUFBCHYMY PAR RPME VPS 1109 PZHYGETPCH Y UPMDBF, KHVYFSHCHI, TBOEOSCHY YMY RTPRBCHYI VEJ CHEUFY. UTEDY KHVYFSHCHI FTY UFBTYI PZHYGETB: RPDRPMLPCHOIL VTPY, NBKPTSH UBCHE Y vTYLPOSH. UTEDY TBOEOSCHI, PUFBCHYIUS PAR RPME VPS, NBKPTSH RAYHB Y vBVPOOP. rTYYMPUSH PUFBCHYFSH YUBUFSH RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOP KHOYUFPTSEOOPK VPECHPK FEIOIL. OP RPFETY, LPFPTSHCHE NSCH OBOEUMY RTPFYCHOILH, CH FTY TBBB RTECHPUIPDIMY OBUY RPFETY.

12 YAOS OENGSH PVYASCHYMY, YuFP OBLBOKHOYE DZIED “CHSMY YFKHTNPN” VYT-iBLEKN. ъBFEN VETMYOULPE TBDYP PRHVMYLPCHBMP UMEDHAEE LPNNAOYLE: “fBL LBL ZHTBOGKHSCH, VEMSHY GCHEFOSCH, ЪBICHBUEOOSCH RMEO RPD VYT-iBLKNPN, OE RTYOBDMETSBF FUUTBUTBTUF TEZKHY CHPEOOOSCHN ЪBLPOBN.” yuBU URKHUFS S RPRTPUYM RETEDBFSH RP vY-vY-uY PAR CHUEI SSHCHLBI UMEDHAEE UBSCHMEOYE: “eUMY ZETNBOWLS BTNYS PVEUUEUFYF UEVS HVYKUFCHPN ZHTBOGKHULYI UPMYBYBYB SHИЛББУС, ФЕВИКАЛЕЙНИЙ УХБЕЛИЯ УМИДБЕЛИЯ УХБЕЛИЦИЯ УМЕЛИБЕЙЯ CHPA TPDYOH, ZEOETBM DE zPMMSH DPMTSEO UPPVEYFSH, YuFP, L UCHPENKH ZMHVPLPNH UPTSBMEOYA , VKhDEF CHSCHOKHTSDEO RPUFKHRYFSH FBLCE U OENGBNY, ЪBICHBUEOOSCHNY CH RMEO EZP CHPKULBNY". l LPOGKH DOS VETMYOULPE TBDYP PVYASCHYMP: “pFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHTBOGHQULYI CHPEOOPUMHTSBEYI, BICHBUEOOSHI CH RMEO PE CHTENS PECH ЪB VYT-iBLEKN, OE NPTsEF OEPNOILBOYLOHFSH. u UPMDBFBNY ZEOETBMB DE zPMMS VHDHF PVTBEBFSHUS LBL U UPMDBFBNY.” fBL POP Y VSHMP CH DEKUFCHYFEMSHOPUFY.

h FP CHTENS LBL 1-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RETEZTHRRYTPCHBMBUSH CH UYDY-vBTTBBOY LBFTKH VEJ RTPNEDMEOYS RTYUFKHRYM L EE RPRPMOEOYA, OBYBOYTPCHBOOBS BUFYE CH KHUYMYCHYIUS DEKUFCHYSI BOZMYKULPK YUFTEVYFEMSHOPK BCHYBGYY, B OBYB BCHYBZTHRRRB "mPFBTYOZYS" HYUBEBMB UPCHNEUFOP U VPNV BTDYTPCHEYLBNY BOZMYKULYI CHPEOOP-CHP'DKHYOSCHI UYM UCHPY OBMEFSCH PAR LPNNHOILBGYY RTPFYCHOILB. h FP CE CHTENS OBOY RBTBYAFYAFYUFSHCHSHCHRPMOSMY VMEUFSEYE PRETBGYY. fBL, OBRTYNET, CH OPYUSH U 12 PAR 13 YAOS ZTHRRSH RBTBYAFYUFPCH HOYUFPTSYMY 12 UBNPMEFPCH PAR CHTBTSEULYI BTPDTPNBI CH MYCHYY, B LBRYFBO VETCE , UKHNEM, DP FPZP LBL EZP UICHBFYMY, RPDTSEYUSH 21 VPNVBTDYTPCHAIL, 15 ZTHJPCHYLPCH Y ULMBD ZPTAYUEZP PAR BHTPDTPNE H lBODY.

pDOBLP 8-S BTNYS, CHOEBROP PICHBUEOOBS NPTBMSHOPK KHUFBMPUFSHA, RPLYOKHMB LITEOBYLH, PUFBCHYCH PAR NEUFE OBYUYFEMSHOP LPMYUEUUFCHP VPECHPK FEIOIL. ZEOETBM PLYOMEL OBDESMUS UPITBOIFSH RP LTBKOEK NETE fPVTHL, UIMSHOP KHLTERMEOOHA LTERPUFSH, UOBVTSBCHYKHAUS U NPTS. OP 24 YAOS ZBTOYPO, OBUYFSHCHBCHYIK 33 FSCHUSYUYUEMPCHEL, UDBMUS OENGBN. mYYSH U VPMSHYYN FTHDPN BOZMYUBOBN KHDBMPUSH ЪBLTERIFSHUS PAR CHCHUPFBI UMSH-bMBNEKOB. pDYO HYUBUFPL RPYYGYY KHDETSYCHBMB 2-S MEZLBS NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOBS DYCHYYS RPD LPNBODPCHBOYEN ZEOETBMB lBBP, OBLPOEG CHCHEDEOOBS CH DEM. UTEDY TEYETCHPCH OBIPDIMBUSH FBOLPCHBS ZTHRRB RPMLPCHOILB TENY, UTPYUOP UOBVTSEOOBS NBFETYBMSHOPK YUBUFSH. rPMPTSEOYE VSHMP FSTSEMPE. CHEUSH chPUFPL, PICHBUEOOSCHK FTECHPZPK, PTSYDBM CHUFKHRMEOYS OENGECH Y YFBMSHSOGECH CH LBYT Y BMELUBODTYA.

OP LFPF KHRBDPL DHib OBYI UPA'OYLPCH, LBL RPLBYBMY UPVSHCHFYS, OPUYM MYYSH CHTENEOOSHCHK IBTBLFET. dPMTSEO VSHM OBUFKHRYFSH DEOSH, LPZDB VMBZPDBTS ZPURPDUFCHH PAR NPTE, OPCHSHCHN RPDLTERMEOYSN, SCHOPNH RTECHPUIPDUFCHH BCHYBGYYY, OBLPOEG, CHPEOOSHMESHCHN URPUPUPVOPPUFSn AF bfh CHTENEOOHA UMBVPUFSH. chRTPYUEN, CHPKULB tPNNEMS, VPECHSHCHE RTYRBUSCH LPFPTSCHI OBIPDIMYUSH PAR YUIPDE, RTYPUFBOPCHYMY UCPE RTPDCHYTSEOYE CHREDED. pDOBLP UMPTSYCHYBSUS PVUFBOPCHLB PUPVEOOOP RPDYUETLYCHBMB VPMSHYPE OBYEOYE OBUYI DEKUFCHYK. zEOETBM PLYOMEL VMBZPTPDOP RTYOBM LFP. 12 YAOS ON PRHVMYLPCHBM CH YUEUFSH 1-K MEZLPK NPFPNEIBOYYTPCHBOOPC DYCHYYYYYUBNEYUBFEMSHOPE LPNNAOYLE: “pVYAEDYOOOSCH OBGYY, ЪBHCSCHYM PO, ЪBHCPUHFSCHEE, YUEUFSH VMBZPDBTOPUFY CH UCHSY U DEKUFCHYSNYY LFYI ZHTBOGKHULYI CHPKUL YI DPVMEUFOPZP ZEOETBMB.”

yEUFSH DOEK URKHUFS CH mPODPOE 10 FSHUSYU ZHTBOGKHPCH, CHPEOOSCHI YYFBFULYI, UPVITBAFUS PAR FPTCEUFCHEOOPE UPVTBBOYE, YUFPVSH PFNEFIFSH CHFPTHA ZPDPCHEYOH YYYSHCHBOS118. CHUE YUEFSHTE LFBTSB bMSHVETF-IPMMB ЪBRPMOEOSCH DP PFLBB, OBULPMSHLP LFP RPЪCHPMSAF YOUFTHHLGYY RP VEЪPRBUOPUFY. pZTPNOPE FTEIGCHEFOPE RPMPFOEE, KHLTBYEOOPE mPFBTYOZULIN LTEUFPN, RTPFSOHFP ЪB FTYVHOPK Y RTYCHMELBEF L UEVE CHUPTSCH CHUEI RTYUHFUFCHHAEYI. oBIPDS CHPMOPCHBOOSCHK PFLMYL CH UETDGBI, ЪCHHYUBF "nBTUEMSHEB" Y "mPFBTYOZULIK NBTY". ъBOYNBS NEUFP, PLHTSEOOSCHK YUMEOBNY oBGYPOBMSHOPZP LPNYFEFB Y UPCHUEN OEDBCHOP RTYVSHCHYYNYY ZHTBOGYY DPVTCHPMSHGBNY, S UMSHCHYKH, LBL LFB PICHNPUBUBIBURBYOF JOFHNY SOYSI. h LFPF DEOSH OBTSDKH U OBDETSDPK S YURSHCHFSHCHBA MILPCHBOIE. no CHSHCHUFKHRBA U TEYUSHA. lFP OEPVIPDYNP. ZETPY UPCHETYBAF RPDCHYZY CH VPTSHVE. OP DMS FPZP, YuFPVSH CHPPDKHYECHYFSH YI PAR RPDCHYZ, OHTSOSCH RMBNEOOSCH UMchB.

gYFYTHS YYTEYUEOYE yBNZhPTB: “tBUUHDYFEMSHOSCHHE MADI RTPЪSVBMY. OP RP-OBUFPSEENH TSYMY FPMSHLP MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK”, -- S OBRPNYOBA P RKHFY, RTPKDEOOPN “UChPVPDOPK ZhTBOGYEK” JB DCHB ZPDB. “OBN RTYYMPUSH NOPZP RETETSYFSH, RPFPNH YuFP NSCH MADI VPMSHYI UFTBUFEK. OP NSCH FBLCE Y RTPЪSVBMY! bI! lBL NSCH TBUUKHDIFEMSHOSHCH!.. NSCH ZPCHPTYN U UBNPZP RETCHPZP DOS: ZhTBOGYS OE CHSHCHYMB YI CHPKOSHCH; CHMBUFSH, KHUFBOPCHMEOOBS RKhFEN PFLBB PF OBGYPOBMSHOSCHI YOFETEUPCH, OE SCHMSEFUS ЪBLPOOPK CHMBUFSHA; OBIY FALLED TBPTCHBOSHCH, NSCH DPLBSHCHBEN LFP DEMPN: CHPPTHTSEOOPK VPTSHVPK... lPOYUOP, NSCH DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY CHETYFSH CH FP, YuFP CHEMILPVTYFBOYS VHDEF UFPTKLP DETSBSHCHBEN YBSHFPHFVHDB, YbSHFPNTPHVSHUS, YbSHFPNTPHVHD FP ZHTBOGKHULYK OBTPD OE RTYNYTYFUS U RPTBTSEOYEN. th YUFP TSE, NSH OE PIYVMYUSH!” ъBFEN S RTYCHEFUFCHHA OBUYI VPTGPCH PE CHUEN NYTE Y KHYUBUFOYLPCH DCHYTSEOYS uPRTPPFYCHMEOYS PE ZhTBOGYY. ar RTYCHEFUFCHHA FBLCE YNRETYA, CHETOKHA YNRETYA, YUIPDOKHA VBKH DMS CHPTSDEOYS UFTBOSHCH. TBHNEEFUS, RPOBDPVYFUS, YUFPVSH RPUME CHPKOSH VSHMB YЪNEOOOB TĀ UFTHHLFKHTB. OP ZhTBOGYS EDYOPDHYOP OBNETECHBEFUS UPITBOIFSH TĀ EDYOUFCHP Y FETTYFPTYBMSHOHA OERTYLPUOPCHOOPUFSH. “DBTSE FP RTYULPTVOPE NHTSEUFChP, U LPPTTSCHN CHPKULB, PRHFBOOSCH MTSSHA chYYY, ЪBEEBAF FE YOMY YOSCHE CHMBDEOOYS YNRETYY PF UTBTsBAEEKUS ZHTBOGYYYY EE UPAJOILTBBURGOPCHEPCHPCHPCH PN LFPC OERTELMPOOPC CHPMY ZHTBOGKHIPCH..." ar LPOUFBFYTHA, YuFP, OEUNPFTS OH PAR UFP , uTBTSBAEBSUS zhTBOGYS CHURMSCHCHBEF PAR RPCHETIOPUFSH PLEBOBU. “lPZDB MHYU CHPTPTsDBAEEKUS UMBCHSH PBTYM CH VIT-iBLEKNE PLTPPCHBCHMEOOOSCH ZPMPCHSHCH EE UPMDBF, NYT RTYOBM zhTBOGYA...”

rTYUHFUFCHHAEYE PFCHEYUBAF VHTOSHCHN PDPVTEOYEN; U YULMAYUYFEMSHOSHCHN CHPPDHYECHMEOYEN YURPMOSEFUS OBGYPOBMSHOSCHK ZYNO. EZP ЪCHHLY DPOPUSFUS DP ZHTBOGKHЪPCH, LPFPTSCHE ЪB ЪБРЭТФШНИ ДЧЭТШНЯ, УРХЭООШНИ ЪУЧНТБЪУНФБ ФБЧОСНИ УДСФ ЧПЪМЭ УЧПYИ ТБДІПРТІНИЛПЧ.

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Politiskā vēsture 20. gadsimta Francija Arzakanjana Marina Tsolakovna

"Brīvā Francija"

"Brīvā Francija"

Vienlaikus ar Francijas sakāvi sākās tās pretošanās vēsture okupantiem. Tas ir saistīts, pirmkārt, ar izcilo franču militāro, politisko un valstsvīrs XX gadsimts Ģenerālis Šarls de Golls.

De Golls dzimis 1890. gada 22. novembrī aristokrātu ģimenē un audzis patriotisma un katolicisma garā. Pēc Saint-Cyr Augstākās militārās skolas beigšanas viņš cīnījās Pirmā pasaules kara laukos un absolvēja kapteiņa pakāpi. Starpkaru periodā de Golls turpināja savu militāro karjeru. Tomēr jau no 20. gadu vidus viņa darbība tālu pārsniedza militārā dienesta darbības jomu. Viņš daudz rakstīja un runāja. Četrās no de Golla grāmatām - "Nesaskaņas ienaidnieka nometnē" (1924), "Uz zobena robežas" (1932), "Profesionālai armijai" (1934) un "Francija un tās armija" (1938). ) - atspoguļoja paša autora militāro doktrīnu un viņa dzīves kredo. Viņš būtībā bija pirmais Francijā, kurš prognozēja tanku spēku izšķirošo lomu turpmākajā karā un uzrādīja sevi kā franču nacionālisma piekritēju un spēcīgas izpildvaras atbalstītāju.

De Golls bija pārliecināts pretinieks Francijas armijas ģenerālštāba izstrādātajai aizsardzības taktikai, kuras pamatā bija ideja, ka Maginot līnija ir nepieejama. Viņš brīdināja par šādu uzskatu destruktivitāti un aicināja stiprināt valsts aizsardzības spējas. De Golls uzskatīja par nepieciešamu, pirmkārt, Francijā izveidot papildu tanku korpusus, kas būtu aprīkoti ar transportlīdzekļiem jaunākais modelis. Viņš meklēja atbalstītājus militārajās un politiskajās aprindās. 1934. gadā viņam pat izdevās tikties ar Polu Reino, taču de Golls nepanāca efektīvu atbalstu viņa idejām.

Otrā pasaules kara sākumā par komandieri tika iecelts de Golls, kurš dienēja ar pulkveža pakāpi tanku karaspēks Elzasā. Kad Vācija 1940. gadā sāka strauju ofensīvu Rietumu frontē, viņam tika pavēlēts vadīt steigā paceltu bruņutehnikas divīziju. Visu maiju viņa nesavtīgi cīnījās, ciešot smagus zaudējumus. Ienaidniekam bija milzīgas priekšrocības tankos, artilērijā un aviācijā. Par militārajiem dienestiem de Golls tika paaugstināts par brigādes ģenerāļa pakāpi.

Parīzē Pols Reino, reorganizējot savu kabinetu, iecēla de Golu par kara ministra vietnieku. Ģenerālis nekavējoties ieradās galvaspilsētā. Viņš spītīgi uzstāja uz kara turpināšanu un mēģināja Reino par to pārliecināt. De Golls aicināja valdību pārcelties uz Francijas Ziemeļāfrikas īpašumiem un cīnīties, paļaujoties uz valsts milzīgo koloniālo impēriju. Tomēr Ministru padomes priekšsēdētājs izvēlējās varu nodot maršalam Petainam. Tad de Golls izdarīja nebijušu rīcību. Viņš apņēmīgi atteicās pakļauties jaunajām Francijas varas iestādēm, kuras devās uz padošanos, un 1940. gada 17. jūnijā ar militāro lidmašīnu aizlidoja uz Londonu.

Anglijas galvaspilsētā nemiernieku ģenerālis nekavējoties tikās ar Lielbritānijas premjerministru Vinstonu Čērčilu un apliecināja viņam stingru nodomu turpināt cīņu. 18. jūnijā Londonas radio de Golls teica slavenu runu, kas bija adresēta saviem tautiešiem. Tajā viņš argumentēja, ka situācija Francijā nebūt nav bezcerīga, jo sākušajam karam ir globāls raksturs un tā iznākumu neizšķirs tikai cīņa par Franciju. Runa beidzās ar šādiem vārdiem: “Es, ģenerālis de Golls, tagad Londonā, aicinu franču virsniekus un karavīrus, kas atrodas Lielbritānijas teritorijā vai var būt tur, lai nodibinātu ar mani kontaktu. Lai kas arī notiktu, Francijas pretošanās liesma nedrīkst nodzist un nenodziest. Tātad jau 1940. gada jūnijā tika pacelts franču pretošanās karogs ienaidniekam.

Londonā de Golls nodibināja Brīvās Francijas organizāciju, kuras mērķis bija cīnīties pret fašistiskā Vācija Apvienotās Karalistes pusē. Višī valdība aizmuguriski piesprieda de Gollam nāvessodu par “pamestību” un “nodevību”. Neskatoties uz to, brīvajiem francūžiem sāka pievienoties gan militārie, gan civilie cilvēki no dažādām vidēm. politiskie uzskati un uzskatiem. 1940. gada beigās bija tikai 7 tūkstoši cilvēku, nepilnus divus gadus vēlāk šis skaits pieauga desmitkārtīgi.

1940. gada 7. augustā de Golls un Čērčils parakstīja līgumu par franču brīvprātīgo spēku organizēšanu un izmantošanu Anglijā. De Golls apņēmās veidot un īstenot šo spēku augstāko vadību saskaņā ar Lielbritānijas valdības vispārīgajiem norādījumiem. Lielbritānija neatzina de Golla tiesības īstenot valsts varu un uzskatīja “brīvos frančus” tikai kā brīvprātīgos viņu dienestā. Tomēr tas de Gollam sniedza regulāru finansiālu atbalstu un deva viņam iespēju papildus militārajai iestādei izveidot civilu. De Golla rīcībā tika nodota arī angļu BBC radiostacija. Ar tās starpniecību Brīvā Francija veica propagandas raidījumus Francijai.

Pirmkārt, de Golls vērsa savus centienus uz Francijas, galvenokārt Āfrikas, koloniju pārņemšanu. Ar savu atbalstītāju palīdzību viņš tur sāka aktīvu propagandu par kara turpināšanu un pievienošanos brīvajiem francūžiem. Ziemeļāfrikas administrācija šādus priekšlikumus kategoriski noraidīja un palika uzticīga Višī valdībai. Francijas Ekvatoriālās Āfrikas kolonijas izturējās atšķirīgi. Jau 1940. gada augustā Čada pievienojās de Gollam. Pēc kāda laika Kongo, Ubangi-Šari, Gabona un Kamerūna pārgāja ģenerāļa pusē. Vairāki nelieli franču īpašumi Klusajā okeānā paziņoja par savu atzīšanu. Šis bija pirmais lielais panākums. Tiesa, 1940. gada septembrī gollisti cieta nopietnu sakāvi. Angļu-franču eskadras ekspedīcija, kuras mērķis bija ieņemt Francijas Rietumāfrikas svarīgāko ostu - Dakāru, beidzās neveiksmīgi. Pilsētas garnizons palika Višī pusē. Tomēr Brīvajai Francijai tagad bija sava teritoriālā bāze Āfrikas kontinentā. Tas ļāva de Gollam sākt veidot savu “valsts iekārtu” un izlēmīgi norobežoties no Višī valdības.

1940. gada 27. oktobrī de Golls izdeva Manifestu par franču vadību kara laikā. Tajā viņš nosodīja Peteina kabineta darbību, runāja par tā pastāvēšanas nelikumību un nosauca kolaboracionistus par "nejaušiem līderiem", kas pakļāvās ienaidniekam. De Golls paziņoja, ka Francijas vārdā viņš izmantos varu tikai ar mērķi aizsargāt valsti no ienaidnieka.

1940. gada pašās beigās tika izveidota Brīvās Francijas politisko lietu pārvalde. Tās darbu uzraudzīja pats de Golls. Viņš arī definēja direkcijas uzdevumus: “Izveidot un izmantot informācijas dienestus, kas apkopo materiālus par politisko situāciju Francijā un impērijā. Organizēt un atbalstīt Brīvo franču kustību Francijā un impērijā un mēģināt paplašināt tās darbību, aptverot vecās un jaunās politiskās, sociālās, reliģiskās, ekonomiskās, profesionālās un intelektuālās organizācijas un pārliecināt tās par nepieciešamību šobrīd visas personīgās intereses pakārtot vienai. - nacionālais". Vadība sastāvēja no Ģenerālštābs un informācijas dienests. Viņiem pakļauti bija trīs biroji. Pirmais definēja konkrētus uzdevumus. Otrais bija tos īstenot Francijas un koloniālās impērijas teritorijā. Pēc tam tas kļuva par slaveno Centrālo Apziņas un rīcības biroju (CBRA). Trešais nodarbojās ar kontaktu dibināšanu ar ārvalstīm. Tās pārstāvjus de Golls nosūtīja uz dažādiem pasaules reģioniem, lai panāktu brīvo franču atzīšanu no ārvalstu valdību puses.

1941. gada septembrī de Golls izdeva Brīvās Francijas rīkojumu. Viņš izveidoja Nacionālo komiteju, kas uz laiku pildīja valsts varas funkcijas. Tas tika aicināts pastāvēt līdz brīdim, "līdz tiks izveidota franču tautas pārstāvniecība, kas spēj paust nācijas gribu neatkarīgi no ienaidnieka". Nacionālās komitejas sastāvā bija tās priekšsēdētāja ģenerāļa de Golla ieceltie komisāri: Renē Plevens (komitejas darbību koordinētājs), Moriss Dežāns (ārlietas), Renē Kasins (tiesiskums un sabiedrības izglītība), ģenerālis Legentils (militārās lietas), admirālis Museljē. (militārais un tirdzniecības jūrnieks), ģenerālis Valens (aviācijas lietas), Andrē Dītelme (iekšlietas). Komisāri vadīja nacionālos komisariātus. Tātad Brīvās Francijas ietvaros tika radīta zināma valdības līdzība.

Brīvās Francijas (no 1942. gada jūlija - Cīņas Francija) sadarbība ar tās sabiedrotajiem antihitleriskajā koalīcijā sākumā nebija viegla. Pirmkārt, tas attiecās uz de Golla attiecību attīstību ar Lielbritānijas valdību, pirms kuras viņš aizstāvēja Francijas nacionālās intereses. Brīvo franču galva centās novērst angļu ietekmes izplatīšanos franču koloniālajos īpašumos.

1941. gada vasarā britu un “brīvo franču” kopīgas militārās operācijas rezultātā tika gāzts Višī režīms Francijas kolonijās Tuvajos Austrumos - Sīrijā un Libānā. 1942. gada pavasarī Lielbritānija ieņēma Madagaskaras salu un likvidēja tur esošo Višī administrāciju. Briti vēlējās nostiprināt savu varu šajos franču īpašumos. De Golls kategoriski iebilda pret to un uz milzīgu pūļu un sarežģītu diplomātisko sarunu rēķina pievienoja Sīriju, Libānu un Madagaskaru Brīvās Francijas kustībai.

Uzreiz pēc Lielā sākuma Tēvijas karš de Golls brīvo franču vārdā uzsāka sadarbību ar PSRS, kas iepriekš bija uzturējusi diplomātiskās attiecības ar Višī.

1941. gada 22. jūnija notikumi ģenerāli atrada Āfrikā. 30. jūnijā Višī valdība paziņoja par diplomātisko attiecību pārtraukšanu ar Padomju Savienību. PSRS pilnvarotais pārstāvis Višī A.E. Bogomolova vadībā nekavējoties tika atsaukts no Francijas. Bet jau 1. jūlijā Padomju Savienības vēstnieks Lielbritānijā I. M. Maiskis telegrafēja no Londonas uz Maskavu, ka vēl pirms pārtraukuma ar Višī viņu privāti apciemoja de Golla pārstāvis Kasins, “kurš ģenerāļa vārdā izteica simpātijas un vislabākos novēlējumus PSRS un tajā pašā laikā "izvirzīja jautājumu par kaut kāda veida attiecību nodibināšanu starp padomju valdību un de Golla spēkiem". Augustā Cassin un Dejean atkal uzdeva to pašu jautājumu ar I. M. Maisky. Un 1941. gada 26. septembrī PSRS vēstnieks Lielbritānijā nosūtīja de Gollam oficiālu rakstisku atbildi: “Manas valdības vārdā man ir tas gods jums paziņot, ka tā atzīst jūs par visu brīvo franču vadītāju, lai kur viņi atrastos. ir, kas ir pulcējušies ap jums, atbalstot sabiedroto mērķi."

Abas puses nolēma apmainīties ar oficiālajiem pārstāvjiem. 1941. gada novembra sākumā A.E.Bogomolovs tika nosūtīts uz Lielbritāniju ar PSRS ārkārtējā pilnvarotā vēstnieka pakāpi sabiedroto valstu valdībās Londonā. Padomju valdība viņam uzticēja sakarus ar Brīvo Franciju uzturēt. Rodžers Garro, Raimonds Šmitlens un de Golla ieceltais militārais pārstāvis ģenerālis Ernests Petits devās uz Maskavu.

ASV uzturēja diplomātiskās attiecības ar Višī pirms Otrā pasaules kara. Tomēr amerikāņi bija ieinteresēti izmantot Francijas salu kolonijas Atlantijas un Klusajā okeānā, ko kontrolēja brīvie francūži, kā savas militārās jūras un gaisa spēku bāzes.

Pēc tam, kad 1941. gada decembrī ASV ienāca karā sabiedroto pusē, de Golls vērsās pie ASV ar priekšlikumu nodibināt diplomātiskās attiecības. Oficiālā Vašingtona ilgu laiku nesniedza Brīvās Francijas vadītājam pozitīvu atbildi. Tikai 1942. gada martā ASV atzina De Golla Nacionālās komitejas autoritāti Klusā okeāna salās. 1942. gada jūlijā ASV valdība publicēja paziņojumu, atzīstot de Golla vadīto organizāciju.

Free India Subhas Chandra Bose ir viens no INC līderiem. Viņa uzskati ir tuvi komunistiem. Viņš bēg uz okupēto Birmu, pie japāņiem. Tur 1943. gada 21. oktobrī ar savu naudu viņš pasludina "Brīvo Indiju" - "Azad Hind" kontrolēja Andamanu un